En raison des problèmes inhérents aux biomatériaux et à la transplantation d’organes, tels que la durée de vie, le rejet et la disponibilité, l'ingénierie tissulaire est désormais envisagée à plus long terme comme solution de remplacement des organes défaillants. Cette approche vise à induire et structurer la croissance tissulaire afin d’organiser les cellules en tissus et ces tissus en organes. Pour ce faire, un bioréacteur reproduisant les conditions intracorporelles est indispensable. Au cours de ce projet de maîtrise, un bioréacteur à perfusion spécifique à la régénération des artères a été conçu pour favoriser la croissance de ce tissu et étudier l’effet des diverses contraintes mécaniques (tension axiale, élongation axiale, pression interne, débit, cisaillement) sur ses propriétés mécaniques finales. La conception du bioréacteur a été effectuée suivant une méthodologie rigoureuse comprenant l’identification des besoins, la rédaction du cahier des charges, la modélisation assistée par ordinateur, la réalisation du prototype et la validation. Ce bioréacteur sera par la suite utilisé par le laboratoire pour le développement d’un substitut artériel ayant les propriétés et la structures d’une artère native. / Tissue engineering provides a new approach for overcoming the current problem of organ shortage and biomaterial failure. Three-dimensional tissues, such as arteries, are much more difficult to regenerate than bi-dimensional ones. In this context, a specific bioreactor is required in order to reproduce and maintain the appropriate environment required for 3-D tissue regeneration. During this project, a perfusion bioreactor specific for arterial tissue was designed to stimulate growth and study the effects of mechanical factors such as axial stress, axial strain, internal pressure, flow and shear stress, on final construct properties. The design was realized following a step-by-step methodology: identification of the needs, listing of the specifications, computer assisted modeling and design, and prototype realisation and validation. This bioreactor will be used by the laboratory for the development of an arterial substitute with similar properties and structure of a native artery.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2004-2005 / Dans la présente recherche le sens commun est étudié en termes de connaissance pratique et de connaissance intersubjective. Partant de l’hypothèse que le sens commun est un mode de connaissance collective, je formule la question directrice de la recherche de savoir comment il est possible de connaître ensemble ou de posséder du savoir en commun. Deux interprétations du sens commun se dressent en réponse à cette question : il est l’opinion communément acceptée; ou bien il constitue une réserve commune de connaissances pratiques. Les trois éléments constitutifs de ce mode du connaître sont l’intuition sensible, le jugement réfléchissant et le rapport à autrui qui s’établit dans le jugement. La recherche aboutit à la définition du sens commun en tant que capacité de connaître l’indéterminé, de ce qui peut être autrement qu’il n’est (le contingent), de ce qui découle du hasard et de l’imprudence. / This Ph.D. thesis studies the concept of common sense in terms of practical knowledge and intersubjective knowledge. Departing from the hypothesis that common sense is a modus of collective knowledge, the guiding question of the study is formulated: How is it possible to know-in-common or to share knowledge? Two interpretations of common-sense knowledge can be formulated in response to that question: it is a shared opinion; or it constitutes a collective stock of practical knowledge. Common-sense thinking as a cognitive mode is characterised by three elements: a sensitive intuition, reflective judgement, and a relation to others in judgement. Common sense is finally defined as a capacity to grasp the uncertain; the comprehension of what can be otherwise (of contingent beings); the ability to master the haphazard occurrences and gain practical certainty.

<p>Syftet med vår studie är att först ta reda på hur reseföretag har han-terat en katastrofsituation på en destination för att sedan kunna hitta strategier som ter sig lämpliga kring marknadsföringsarbetet för att locka tillbaka resenärer till den drabbade destinationen. Vi har valt att fokusera vår uppsats kring tsunamikatastrofen 2004 och hur olika reseföretag har gått till väga för att vinna tillbaka sina kunders förtroende.</p><p>Vi har i denna uppsats valt att använda oss utav en kvalitativ me-tod med en abduktiv och fenomenologisk ansats då vårt syfte är att undersöka fenomenet tsunamikatastrofen 2004 i Thailand och ta reda på hur reseföretag har hanterat katastrofsituationen. Den abduktiva ansatsen har varit central under arbetets gång då vi har kompletterat teorin allt eftersom empirin vuxit fram. Vår empiri består av fem stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har stor erfarenhet och kompetens inom det undersökta området.</p><p>Vi har utgått från en modell som förklarar hur återhämtnings-processen för en destination bör gå till och implementerat denna modell på reseföretag. De marknadsföringsfaktorer som vi under uppsatsens gång sett vara extra vitala är relationen med kunder samt relationen med media för att kunna återhämta sig efter en kris. För fullständig slutsatsdiskussion hänvisar vi till kapitel sju.</p> / <p>The aim of this study is primarily to explore how travel companies have managed certain crisis situation on a destination to be able to adopt appropriate strategies to be used when marketing such desti-nation with the purpose to reclaim their customers. We have cho-sen to focus this paper on the tsunami disaster in 2004 and how different travel companies handled that situation when trying to regain their customers confidence.</p><p>We have chosen to use a qualitative method with an abductive and a phenomenological approach as our aim with this study is to investigate the phenomena of the tsunami disaster 2004 in Thail-and and in which way travel companies handled this situation. The abductive approach has been fundamental when working with this paper as it made it possible for us to update the papers theory as the empirics has grown. Our empiric approach includes five qual-itative interviews with people who have a lot of experience compe-tence within the area we chosen to investigate.</p><p>We have built this paper upon a model that explains how the reco-very period at a crisis destination should be handled and used this model on travel agencies. The marketing strategies that we have found fundamental during this period and essential for travel agen-cies to be aware of are those relating to the customers and media in order to recover from a crisis in the best possible way. We would like to refer the reader to chapter seven for our complete version of conclusions.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SMARIADERBLI.pdf: 779175 bytes, checksum: e442a9d330b0e79cc27035b6e59a0198 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / This work presents a reflection about the relations settled between the State, conceived as a sovereign power, and the matters addressing the process of internationalization of the Human Rights, and the Brazilian Law arrangement, beginning with the conception of sovereignty elapsing from the jurisnaturalists theories. We searched to analyze which particular questions are placed between the universality of the Human Rights and the overrule power of the National State, and until what point the universality of the Human Rights can outline the commencement of a new concept of sovereignty that goes beyond the National State order. If it is possible to picture a new concept of sovereignty to the National State and which is the role of the Human Rights in this process. We sought to identify elements that point to changes on the conception of State sovereignty, essentially with respect to the assimilation by the Brazilian Law arrangement of the determinations originated from the norms regarding the Human Rights featured by the contemporary constitutionalism, through the constitutional emend 45/2004. / Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre as relações estabelecidas entre o Estado concebido como poder soberano e as questões referentes ao processo de internacionalização dos Direitos Humanos e o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, partindo da concepção de soberania decorrente das teorias jusnaturalistas. Buscouse analisar quais relações se colocam entre a universalidade dos direitos humanos e o poder soberano do Estado nacional; até que ponto a universalidade dos direitos humanos pode forjar o surgimento de um novo conceito de soberania que transcenda os limites da ordem estatal nacional; se é possível conceber um novo conceito de soberania para o Estado nacional e qual o papel dos direitos humanos nesse processo. Procuramos identificar elementos que indiquem alterações no conceito de soberania do Estado, essencialmente no que tange à incorporação, pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, das determinações oriundas das normas referentes aos direitos humanos retratadas pelo constitucionalismo contemporâneo, através da edição da emenda constitucional 45/2004.

Esta pesquisa é uma tentativa de iniciar a historiografia de uma experiência escolar que está apenas começando: \"Mawa\'aiaká. Escola de Resgate Cultural\". Trata-se do projeto escolar dos índios Kamaiurá, que habitam o Parque Indígena do Xingu, no estado do Mato Grosso. O período abrangido, de 1976 a 2004, se estende desde o ano em que foi construída a primeira escola no Parque, num Posto Indígena da FUNAI, próxima à aldeia Kamaiurá, até o ano de 2004, no qual estes índios, que até então se recusavam a participar dos projetos oficiais ali realizados, desenvolveram seu próprio projeto e construíram uma escola dentro de sua aldeia. Após uma apresentação do contexto histórico antropológico próprio da região do Alto Xingu e da inserção ali do povo Kamaiurá, recolhe depoimentos de lideranças, professores indígenas da aldeia, ex-professoras, não índias, contratadas pela FUNAI durante este período, para constatar, baseado na história das disciplinas escolares e conforme a sociologia da mudança, de Georges Balandier, que este povo busca, através do controle direto da Escola e de seus currículos, um posicionamento político que fortaleça sua identidade no contato com a nossa sociedade. / The research now proposed is a trial to begin a historiography of a school experience which is only starting: \"Mawa\'aiaká. Escola de Resgate Cultural\". It deals about the school project from Kamaiurá indians whose live in the Parque Indígena do Xingu in the Mato Grosso state. The embraced period (1976 - 2004) contains since the first built school in the Parque in a FUNAI Indian Station near to Kamaiurá Village till 2004 when the indians whose, until then refused to participate in the oficial projects accomplished there, developed your own project and constructed a school inside the village. After a presentation of the historical and anthropological context from the Alto Xingu zone and its introduction of Kamaiurá indians, we intended to collect speeches from the leadership, indians teachers in the village and other protagonists of this project in order to testify, based on school discipline\'s history and founded on the Change Sociology from Georges Balandier, that this people goes toward, through the direct control of the school and its path, a political position that improve your identity in relation with our society.

Basic Qualifying Requirements in Public Tenders The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Basic Qualifying Requirements in the public tenders, as enacted in the Section 53 of the Act no. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Procurement, as amended. The initial reasons for my research are constantly changing legal rules in this branch of law that often do not reflect the European enactment in the Directive 2004/18/EC. The thesis is composed of an Introduction, 3 separate Chapters and a Conclusion. The Introduction outlines the aim of the thesis, its structure and arrangement of the Chapters are shown in this part as well. The Introduction is than followed by the first Chapter called Qualification, in which the topic of criteria for qualitative selection is discussed in the context of the general provisions concerning qualification in the public tenders. This Chapter is subdivided into two parts separately dealing with the requirements of the bodies governed by public law and entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors. The second Chapter examines the European enactment of the Public Procurement in the Directive 2004/18/EC, as well as in the Directive 2004/17/EC concerning the entities operating in the above mentioned special sectors. The core of this part lies in a complex...

Denna uppsats ger ett bidrag till frågeställningen runt hur en obemannad undervattensfarkost (UUV) kan ge operationsfördelar för en konventionell ubåt. Uppsatsen grundar sig på en analys av den amerikanska flottans UUV-planer samt en operativ kommersiell undervattensfarkost (HUGIN) från företaget Kongsberg i Norge. Syfte är att identifiera lämpliga förmågor, samt undersöka möjliga operationsfördelar med att applicera dessa på en svensk ubåt inom insatsförsvaret.Metodmässigt bygger uppsatsen på en jämförelseanalys mellan en konventionell ubåt som är utrustad med dessa UUV-förmågor och en utan, för att därmed klargöra operationsfördelar. Resultatet av den genomförda analysen med fokus på det internationella uppdraget ger att den slutliga helhetsjämförelse visar att UUV-förmågor som förbättrar ubåtens spaningsförmåga är de mest lämpliga att implementera. Denna inkluderar förbättrad lägesbild med framskjuten sensor, karteringsmöjligheter medförande bottennavigeringsmöjlighet, en bättre planering och utnyttjande av sensorer och vapen. (Fördel även för minjaktsstyrkor), möjlighet att operera på fler områden samtidigt, bättre kommunikationsmöjligheter samt förbättrad informationsoperationsförmåga.Ubåtsjaktsförmåga förbättras genom möjlighet att övervaka flera trånga passager samtidigt och därmed öka sannolikheten för detektion avsevärt. Specialföretagsförmåga ökas något genom ökad handlingsfrihet och lägre risktagande genom möjlighet att slussa ut specialstyrkorna på längre avstånd från kust.Anfallsföretag påverkas endast indirekt genom en förbättrad spaningsfunktion. Mineringsförmåga påverkas endast genom förbättrad utläggning och positionering av minor och med tanke på att denna förmåga inte är efterfrågad bedöms denna som ej lämplig. / This thesis will contribute to the question if and how an unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) will improve submarine capability. The thesis is based on the USA Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Master Plan and the Norwegian AUV called HUGIN. The purpose of the thesis is to identify UUV capabilities suitable for submarines and how they can contribute to the Swedish submarine capabilities. The methodology of this essay is based on a comparison, between a conventional submarine with UUV capability and one without, to clarify the operational advantages. The result of the analysis, with focus on international missions, shows that the biggest advantage of implementing UUV functions for the submarine are in the intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions. This implementation will improve the situation awareness. The functionality of collecting ocean environment including bottom mapping will improve tactical decision aid and battlespace preparation. The UUV will also improve communication and information operations capability.The anti-submarine warfare function will be improved with enhanced capability to monitor more than one chokepoint. Special operations from submarines will gain some advantages within freedom of action, depending on the possibility of launching the special operation at a longer distance from shore.The attack capability is only in an indirect way influenced, which is by a better surveillance function. The mine-laying capability will only improve within deployment and positioning of the mine. The mine-laying capability is not requested in the international missions and therefore this capability is not recommended for implementation. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP T 04-06

High Power Microwave-våpen (HPM-våpen) representerer et fremtidig våpensystem som har denegenskapen at de nøytraliserer og ødelegger kapasiteter hos en motstander, dog uten direkte tap avmenneskeliv. HPM-våpen bør således være meget interessante å studere som en mulig fremtidigkapasitet i Försvarsmakten (FM).Målet med denne studien er å undersøke hvorvidt HPM-våpen har en operativ fremtid innenfor densvenske FM. Hensikten er således mer detaljert å undersøke hvorvidt HPM-våpen kan utgjøre eneffektiv beskyttelse mot luftmål for landstridsavdelinger. Oppsatsen gjør en kobling til utviklingen oginnføringen av Nettverksbasert Försvar i FM, og gjennomfører undersøkelsen med utgangspunkt i detre basiskapasitetene påvirkning, beskyttelse, og ledelse. Oppsatsen undersøker det operative grunnlagfor utvikling og implementering av HPM-våpen i rollen som luftvern (LV)/luftforsvar til støtte forlandstridsavdelinger.Hovedkonklusjonene indikerer at det finns gode operative argumenter for å satse på en utvikling ogimplementering av HPM-våpen i FM. Spesielt blir en slik bekjempnings- og beskyttelseskapasitetviktig for det Nettverksbaserte Försvar (NBF). Samtidig påvises tekniske/fysiske og operativebegrensninger som indikerer at HPM-våpen alene ikke kan forventes erstatte dagens tradisjonelleluftvernsystemer. Den beste løsning ligger ventelig i en kombinasjon, der man samtidig kan rendyrkedet enkelte delsystems kapasiteter innenfor NBF. / High Power Microwave-weapons (HPM-weapons) represent a future weapons system with the ability toneutralize and destroy enemy capabilities, though without a direct loss of lives. Therefore, furtherstudies of HPM-weapons and their capacities could be relevant and interesting to The Swedish ArmedForces.The purpose of this research paper is to investigate whether or not HPM-weapons have a future in theSwedish Defence Forces. The aim is to develop a theoretical and technical foundation in order toinvestigate HPM-weapons in a developed scenario. The research paper has a strong connection to thedevelopment and implementation of the Swedish Network Based Defence (NBF) programme. Theconducted analysis is based on three fundamental capabilities; affect, protect, and command and control(C2). The research paper investigates the foundation of development and implementation of HPMweaponsin the Air Defense (AD) role in support of army units.The main conclusions indicate that there are strong arguments to move forward the development andimplementation of HPM-weapons in the Swedish Armed Forces. As both an offensive and a defensivecapability, HPM-weapons could be essential in the Swedish Network Based Defense programme. At thesame time, technological and physical limitations do exist, and it is therefore not likely that HPMweaponsalone can replace and take over the role of conventional AD-systems of today. The optimalsolution seems to consist of a mix of HPM-weapons and conventional AD-systems (cannon/rocket).Nevertheless, it is important that future weapons systems are fully integrated in the Network BasedDefense concept, and can counter a wide threat spectrum. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-uppsHylla: Upps. ChP T 02-04

The thesis demonstrates protection solutions that can be suitable for a camp during internationalmissions in order to resist complex threats. The threats could consist of small arms, machineguns,RPG 7, anti armour missiles, mortar, artillery, HPM-weapons, car bombs, biological and chemicalweapons as well as sabotage and theft. It’s not the technology itself that makes the threat scenariocomplex it’s the way the opponent acts during the operations. The opponent acts usually incivilian clothes and therefore he is difficult to distinguish from other civilians. To be able to resistthe complex threat scenario, new solutions of protection need to be suggested for example warningsystems.It’s important to see the protection solutions as a part of the whole camp concept. Amongst otherthings the geographical position of the camp and how the units are deployed in it, affects thepossibility of protection and the need for it. Some protection solutions are usable against severalthreats. A protection solution that involves a rapid establishment with sufficient protection ispreferable, instead of the very best adapted and time-consuming solution. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-uppsHylla: Upps. ChP T 02-04

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka en av de eviga militärteoretiska frågorna, teknikens inverkan på taktiken och vice versa. För att begränsa omfattningen och öka möjligheterna att erhålla mer specifika slutsatser har uppsatsen avgränsats till en maritim kontext. Uppsatsens problemformulering lyder:Utifrån den givna litteraturen, diskutera om teknik och resurser bättre förklarar framgång i marina operationer än taktiskt och operativt uppträdande.Framgång i den maritima arenan har definierats som en styrkas förmåga att etablera eller bestrida herravälde till sjöss. Undersökningen har syftat till att utröna om begreppsparen teknik och resurser eller taktik och operativt uppträdande är mest framkomlig väg när herravälde skall etableras eller bestridas. Empirin för uppsatsen består av ett antal sjömaktsteoretiker som använts under utbildningen vid Försvarshögskolans chefsprogram.Slutsatsen för uppsatsen är inledningsvis att samma förmågor avgör graden av framgång för en sjöstyrka att etablera som att bestrida ett herravälde till sjöss. Vidare är slutsatsen att en sjöstyrka är beroende av teknik och resurser samtidigt som de är beroende av det taktiska och operativa uppträdandet för att nå sina mål. Således kan teknik och taktik inte skiljas åt, de är två dimensioner av samma förmåga.Avslutningsvis föreslås tre utvecklingsområden av ämnet. / The purpose of the thesis is to examine whether military technology and resources or tactics and operational art, is the most plausible explanation for success in a maritime operation. A selection of naval theory literature has been used as the theoretical context of the thesis.Initially it is crucial to define success in a maritime operation in order to measure a fleet’s ability to achieve and obtain it. Success is hereby defined as securing command of the sea or disputing it, depending on the purpose of the operation.The analysis will be carried out by examining the chosen literature and extracting the authors’ argumentation of how to explain a successful behaviour in a maritime operation.The analysis will show that a fleet has to rely upon the same capabilities to whether the aim is to secure or dispute command. The conclusion is also that the capabilities needed to achieve success do not differ in different types of maritime operations. The analysis has also pointed out that technology and resources are dependent upon tactics and operational art and vice versa. Above all the main conclusion is that technology and resources on one hand and tactics and operational art on the other are impossible to separate from each other. To be able to succeed in a maritime operation a commander has to constantly take both concepts into consideration as well as when preparing for an operation as during combat. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP T 04-06