Am Beispiel der Elbe in Dresden wird der Entwicklungsgeschichte eines Flusslaufes nachgegangen. Mit Hilfe der früheren Fließquerschnitte werden Wasserspiegellagenberechnungen zur Ermittlung historischer Schlüsselkurven durchgeführt. die neu gewonnenen Durchflussscheitelwerte erfordern auch eine Neubewertung der Hochwasserstatistik und der Wiederkehrintervalle.

This paper assesses the spillover effect of European Patent Boxes on affiliates of MNEs operating in Austria and Germany. I divide firms in a control and treatment group, the latter having affiliates in countries where preferential regimes for patent and other IP income have been introduced between 2005-2011. My findings suggest that Austrian and German firms, which have gained indirect access to preferential IP regimes via their affiliates, reduce their reported profit levels. I do not observe, however, an effect on the level of intangible assets owned by these firms. (author's abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

Academic research in 360-degree feedback continues to be dominated by a positivist approach with analyses of the feedback ratings. In contrast, this qualitative study explores how people make sense of 360, across the chain of meaning making involving not only raters and feedback recipients but also HR managers, facilitators and external consultants. Two corporate case studies in the pharmaceutical sector show how 360 evolves as a social process and carries a variety of meanings in different organisations and management contexts. Quasi-scientific rituals are revealed, demonstrating the existence of pseudo-anonymity and of complex use of numerical ratings and narrative comments. Woven alongside these corporate case studies is an autoethnography, which examines emotional and cognitive responses to two rounds of 360 asking for feedback on coaching performance. The autoethnographic thread allows insights into the dynamic relationship between academic and practitioner perspectives, as the researcher moves between both worlds. This PhD makes three contributions: the conceptualisation of 360 as a social process; the questioning of taken-for-granted customs within 360; and a methodological contribution to the development of autoethnographic practice.

Corporate governance and management by values have become vital for organisations in South Africa. Recent allegations of corruption, corporate failures and the abuse of leadership power highlight the need for solid moral and ethical foundations. A set of shared values in an organisation may prove to be a significant competitive advantage. The competence of employees as reflected through the evaluation of their individual job goals has been widely measured for many years. Currently, limited information is available on the measurement and evaluation of the conformance of employees to corporate values. This study explores the conformance of individual members to core values as part of a regular, systematic performance measurement system. Introducing such a system may assist in enforcing accountability for individual ethical behaviour. Literature on the topic advises that the core values of an organisation should be carefully and correctly identified before individual conformance to the values can be measured. Managing by values entails that preferred behaviours should be entrenched in all codes, policies, and procedures of an organisation, including the performance measurement system. A 360-degree evaluation is considered the most appropriate method to evaluate individual conformance to corporate values. Information gathered from the model development part of this study indicates the following: 360-Degree evaluation of values conformance may be incorporated into any existing performance measurement system that conforms to the criteria established in this study. A performance/values template used for the evaluation of job performance and values conformance results effectively differentiates employees into categories. The model developed in this study was effectively implemented and tested in an organisation. It is expected that the implementation of the model will enhance the performance of individuals and ultimately facilitate the creation of a motivating climate within the organisation. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Weiterhin ist zu berücksichtigen, dass das Ergebnis einer Therapie bei CMA grundsätzlich offen ist. Trotz einer einheitlichen Definition von CMA weist diese Gruppe ein hohes Maß an Heterogenität der chronischen Erkrankungen auf, die es als geboten erscheinen lassen, zunächst von therapeutischer Betreuung zu sprechen. Die Sicherung eines bestimmten, im Rahmen von Behandlung und Betreuung soziotherapeutischer Langzeiteinrichtungen erreichbaren Niveaus psychischer und physischer Verfasstheit und Rückgewinnung von Elementen eigenständiger Lebensführung hängt sehr eng mit der Fähigkeit zusammen, Handlungsabläufe selbstständig hinsichtlich ihrer Zeitlichkeit strukturieren zu können (Leonhardt/Mühler 2010, Abschnitt 2.2). Die folgenden Ausführungen dienen einer empirisch gestützten Bestandsaufnahme zur Beschaffenheit des Zeitbewusstseins von CMA und einer deskriptiven Erkundung der Veränderung des Zeitbewusstseins unter den Bedingungen einer soziotherapeutischen Langzeiteinrichtung.

本研究為一縱貫性之實證研究，主要目的是透過分析兩年360度回饋的資料，進一步探討全員品質管理才能對360度回饋公平知覺、滿意度、行為改變、與績效提升的影響。 本研究樣本為國內某建築業之初階與中階主管，第一年總計62位，第二年總計92位。研究結果顯示，全員品質管理才能與360度回饋公平知覺、滿意度、行為改變意圖，皆達顯著正相關。此外，雙因子變異數分析結果顯示，全員品質管理才能的高低會影響他評結果、目標達成、以及領導效能的改變，如進一步以相依樣本t考驗進行事後比較，則發現全員品質管理才能低分組兩年間績效改變的進步幅度大於高分組。 最後，本研究進一步指出研究之限制，與後續研究之建議、企業實行360度回饋之實務建議。

Bibliography: p. 54. / M.I.T. Project DSR 70054. Research Grant NSFC-472.

360-degree videos offer an immersive experience which is hard to find in traditional videos. The entire scene is floating around the viewer, and a feeling of being there is common. However, something traditional videos have compared to 360-degree videos is control of the outcome. The filmmakers decide what they want to show and how they want to guide the viewer. The control is still an issue in 360-degree videos. In this thesis will the focus be on how a viewer can be attracted to an important part of a scene. This work is concentrated on methods and techniques in the post-production part of video production. The techniques are mainly video effects.    The user tests involved 16 participants with different backgrounds including an expert in the field. The participants watched three 360-degree videos each with the same content, but with different techniques made in the post-production part to guide them. It was one video with graphical elements to guide them, one with light effects and one with colour effects. Interviews gave a deeper insight into the participant's experience and opinions on the three videos. The video effects affected the participants positively and negatively. The participants were mostly satisfied with effects consisting of graphical elements but not as much with colour. The users lost a bit of their freedom to explore a scene with the light effects, but they were useful when it came to guiding towards something. The participants did find the guiding lines and spotlight as the most suitable methods to attract attention; the spotlight was the most preferred of the two. The red circle effect and the warm/cold colour effect was the least preferred, the warm/cold colour effect as the least preferable. The effects helped to attract the viewer to a section of the video, and the user's got a better understanding of the concept. However, more research need to be done to draw attention towards something. A combination of elements like light effects and graphical element effects could improve the post-production part. Research in the future regarding the opportunity to combine techniques from an entire video production needs to be conducted for a significantly more effective way to attract attention to an important side of a scene, without the viewers losing their freedom of exploring, it includes both the post-production side but also methods to attract attention in a set.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_ml_dr_mar.pdf: 6335859 bytes, checksum: 6a6c75e09a46a5762c0c1a6fb17f4e05 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A gênese e a acumulação do arquivo fotográfico de Sebastião Leme estão localizadas em uma das extremidades dos fluxos internos de informação, concebidos enquanto canais por onde a informação se propaga no circuito das instituições com competência para administrá-la. Portanto, é na extremidade esquerda que está localizada o lugar da criação da informação, do ponto de vista autoral, desvinculado, pois, da dinâmica onde se operam os fluxos internos de informação constitutivos dos espaços institucionais de informação. Logo, a qualificação de espaço se deve à capacidade que eles têm de superação de seus próprios limites de organização, recuperação e acesso da informação, em escala pública. O problema consiste na existência de um arquivo de imagens, restrito apenas ao ciclo pessoal, como referência exclusiva da memória afetiva familiar, indistinto e atado a sua precária condição de suporte informacional, em estado de latência. O que nos leva a formular a hipótese de que o arquivo fotográfico – enquanto gênese e acumulação − requer que a sua passagem se dê do âmbito pessoal para a esfera pública, o que implica o reconhecimento da sua condição de informação que só se efetiva quando for absorvido pelos fluxos de informação. É quando esse arquivo passará a cumprir a sua função existencial e informacional, como representação e valor. Os enquadramentos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa, no âmbito da ciência da informação, nos levam a: 1) examinar a imagem fotográfica, no instante da sua gênese, com base na sua representação indiciária, icônica e simbólica, sob o ponto de vista da sua condição de informação visual; 2) considerar a fotografia como um processo de criação individual, que se expressa a partir de uma acumulação que também pode agregar outros tipos de produção, a exemplo do testemunho... / The genesis and the accumulation of Sebastião Leme's photographic archive are located in one of the extremities of the internal flows of information, designed as channels through where the information spreads in the circuit of the institutions with competence to administer it. Therefore, it is in the left extremity that is located the place of the creation of the information, from a copyright point of view, released, then, of the dynamics where the constituent internal flows of information of the institutional spaces of information are operated. Thus, the qualification of space is the ability they have to overcome their own limits of organization, retrieval and access of information, in public scale. The problem consists of the existence of a archive of images, restricted just to the personal cycle, as exclusive reference of the family affectionate memory, indistinct and tied to their precarious condition of informational support, in a state of latency. Which brings us to formulate the hypothesis that the photographic archive - as genesis and accumulation - requires that its passage is from the personal context to the public sphere, which implies the recognition of its condition of information that is only effective when absorbed by the flow of information.It is when this file will fulfill its existential and informational function, as representation and value. The theoretical and methodological frameworks of research, in the context of information science, lead us to: 1) examine the photographic image at the moment of its genesis, based on its index, icon and symbolic representation, from the point of view of its condition of visual information, 2) consider the photography as a process of individual creation, that expressed its starting from an accumulation that can also join other production types, to example of the testimony and of the autobiographical textual narrative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-29T20:27:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2669382 bytes, checksum: fb66bf1acb3ce2716e7b49b03dadbce6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T20:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2669382 bytes, checksum: fb66bf1acb3ce2716e7b49b03dadbce6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile is essential in the study of new drugs. However, these studies are rare and have been performed, in many cases, after the onset of clinical studies. Trachylobane-360 (T-360), a diterpene ent-7-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid, obtained from Xylopia langsdorffiana, shows antitumor and spasmolytic activities, making it a promising molecule. Moreover, there are no reports on the toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies of this natural product. Considering all these aspects, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of T-360. In the acute toxicity test in mice, the T-360 showed low toxicity at doses of 50 mg/kg (i.v.), and 300 mg/kg (i.p.), showing no significant behavioral and haematological changes. However, the dose of 300 mg/kg (i.v.) caused death in four out of six animals (LD50 of 200 mg/kg). T-360 was not genotoxic in micronucleus assay, because it does not increase the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes of mice treated with 25, 150 and 300 mg/kg (i.p.). Among the appropriate bioanalytical techniques for pharmacokinetic study highlights the high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MSn). A HPLC/MSn method developed consisted of ESI ionization, in negative mode, basifying the medium, with detection of molecular ion 359 m/z. The fragmentation study showed that the ion 359 m/z is fragmented into 299 m/z, which is used to detect T-360. The best chromatographic conditions were established: C18 column under isocratic elution with mobile phase consisting of H2O:MeCN (65:35) and 0.1% of NH4OH in the aqueous phase. In method developing of extracting the T-360 in whole blood was evaluated influences the type of extracting solvent and different times and centrifugation forces. T-360 was better recovered (37.02%) of the blood matrix using CHCl3 and 14,000 xg for 15 min, showing the matrix effect and efficiency of the extraction process of -51.23% and 18.05 %, respectively. After optimization of the method, repeating the procedure and acidifying the sample, there was an increase recovery of T-360 (49.47%), reduction of matrix effect (-37.60%) and increase the efficiency of the process extraction (32.24%). In the validation of analytical method for quantification of T-360 in whole blood, using the Riparina I as internal standard (PI), the method presented himself as selective/specific, linear over the concentration range evaluated, accurate and precise. Moreover, presented limit of detection and quantification of 50 and 100 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by applying the validated method to samples of blood collected from mice subjected to treatment with T-360 at a dose of 25 mg/kg (i.v.), Obtaining the following results: Cmax of 321,34 μg/mL, t1/2 of 3,89 min, Ke of 10,68 h-1 CLs of 830,97 mL/h/kg and Vd 0,08 L/kg, which characterizes tissue distribuition. From the data analysis, it can be suggested that the T-360 continues to be a promising molecule having low toxicity. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic results propel the continued investigation of other parameters, using other routes of administration, and the study of metabolites responsible, at least in part, by anti-tumor activity. / A avaliação do perfil farmacocinético e toxicológico é essencial no estudo de novos candidatos a fármacos. No entanto, estes estudos são escassos e vêm sendo realizados, em muitos casos, após o início dos ensaios clínicos. Trachylobano-360 (T-360), o diterpeno ácido ent-7-acetoxitrachylobano-18-óico, obtido de Xylopia langsdorffiana, apresenta atividades antitumoral e espasmolítica, tornando-se uma molécula promissora. Além disso, não há relatos na literatura de estudos toxicológicos e farmacocinéticos deste produto natural. Considerando todos esses aspectos, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a toxicidade e a farmacocinética do T-360. No ensaio de toxicidade aguda em camundongos, o T-360 mostrou baixa toxicidade nas doses de 50 mg/kg (e.v.) e 300 mg/kg (i.p.), não induzindo nenhuma alteração comportamental e hematológica significantes. Porém, a dose de 300 mg/kg (e.v.) provocou morte em quatro de seis animais (DL50 estimada em 200 mg/kg). O T-360 não se mostrou genotóxico no ensaio do micronúcleo, pois não aumentou a frequência de eritrócitos micronucleados de camundongos tratados com 25, 150 e 300 mg/kg (i.p.). Dentre as técnicas bioanalíticas apropriadas para o estudo farmacocinético, destaca-se a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas (CLAE-EMn). Foi desenvolvido um método CLAE-EMn que consistiu em ionização por ESI, em modo negativo, basificando o meio, com detecção do íon molecular 359 m/z. O estudo de fragmentação mostrou que o íon 359 m/z é quebrado em 299 m/z, sendo esta fragmentação utilizada para detecção do T-360. As melhores condições cromatográficas estabelecidas foram: eluição isocrática em coluna C18, com fase móvel composta de H2O:MeCN (65:35) e 0,1% de NH4OH na fase aquosa. No desenvolvimento do método de extração do T-360 em sangue total avaliou-se as influências do tipo de solvente extrator e diferentes tempos e forças de centrifugação. O T-360 foi melhor recuperado (37,02%) da matriz sangue utilizando CHCl3 e 14.000 x g por 15 min, apresentando efeito de matriz e eficiência do processo de extração de -51,23% e 18,05%, respectivamente. Após a otimização do método, repetindo-se o procedimento e acidificando a amostra, houve aumento da recuperação do T-360 (49,47%), diminuição do efeito de matriz (-37,60%) e aumento da eficiência do processo de extração (32,24%). Na validação do método analítico para quantificação do T-360 em sangue total, utilizando a Riparina I como padrão interno (PI), o método apresentou-se como seletivo/específico, linear no intervalo de concentrações avaliado, exato e preciso. Além disso, apresentou limite de detecção e quantificação de 50 e 100 ng/mL, respectivamente. Por último, parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram obtidos através da aplicação do método validado às amostras de sangue coletadas de camundongos submetidos ao tratamento com T-360 na dose de 25 mg/kg (e.v.), obtendo-se como resultados: Cmax de 321,34 μg/mL, t1/2 de 3,89 min, Ke de 10,68 h-1, CLs de 830,97 mL/h/kg e Vd 0,08 L/kg, o que caracteriza distribuição tecidual. A partir das análises dos dados, pode-se sugerir que o T-360 continua sendo uma molécula promissora por apresentar baixa toxicidade. Além disso, os resultados farmacocinéticos obtidos impulsionam a continuidade da investigação de outros parâmetros, usando outras vias de administração, e o estudo de metabólitos responsáveis, pelo menos em parte, pela atividade antitumoral.