This thesis explores Pindar's relationship to his audiences. Part One demonstrates how his victory odes take into account an audience present at their premiere performance and also secondary audiences throughout space and time. It argues that getting the most out of the epinicians involves simultaneously assuming the perspectives of both their initial and subsequent audiences. Part Two describes how Pindar uses his audiences' knowledge of other lyric to situate his work both within an immanent poetic history and within a contemporary poetic culture. It sets out Pindar's vision of the literary world past and present and suggests how this framework shapes an audience's experience of his work. Part Three explains how Pindar's victory odes made lucid sense as linear unities to fifth-century Greeks imbued in the traditions of choral lyric. An annotated text shows how each sentence in the epinician corpus forms part of a coherent chain of rational discourse.

This thesis contains a discussion of the historical content of the London papyrus, POxy C42, the f1orentine papyrus,PSI \304 and the recently published fragment PCairo. (Ter.tp. irw. no. 2G/6/2//l-35),collectively known as the Hellenica Oxyrhynchiu (P). The focal point is the Asiatic campaign of Agesilaus and the battle of Sardis. Impressions gained from a personal investigation of the terrain are reviewed and an attempt is made to isolate the misconceptions that have hampered more constructive thinking on this episode of history. An endeavour is made to arrive at a personal reconstruction of the battle of Sardis and an assessment of P's credibility and value as an historian. The thesis concludes that there is no valid reason to doubt P's credibility and that discrepancies between the two main sources, Xenophon and P. can be ascribed to the difference in histographical approach. The autumn campaign of Agesilaus is discussed to illustrate more clearly how Xenophon's approach conditioned his writing of history / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (Greek)

These studies were conducted on several central Texas agricultural producers?? properties, the Stiles Farm Foundation, the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Texas A&M University campus. First, an experimental herbicide from Dow AgroSciences, GF-884, was evaluated for effectiveness in controlling three annual and three perennial weed species in production pasture lands and hay meadows. Several rates of GF-884 were examined and evaluated against three registered pasture products and one non-selective herbicide. Next, GF-884 was assessed for tolerance on two common bermudagrass hybrids (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) at three progressive rates with and without adjuvant. Finally, the herbicides, picloram and fluroxypyr, were applied to common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) to characterize their individual absorption and translocation and assess any influence one might have on the other. GF-884 applied at rates of 0.91 and 1.14 kg a.e./ha provided >85% and >75% control of the annual and perennial weed species evaluated, respectively. These same rates of GF-884 consistently provided control that was equivalent or better than thatachieved with the registered products. No differences were observed among treatments when shoots from the perennial species were evaluated 12 months following treatment application. The tolerance experiments utilized GF-884 at rates twice that used to evaluate weed control efficacy. These elevated rates did not result in discernable influences on yield or forage quality for either hybrid forage grass when compared to untreated areas. The efficacy and tolerance observations suggest that GF-884 applied at the highest recommended weed control rate can effectively control several annual and perennial weed species without imparting detrimental effects to the hybrid bermudagrass being produced. Finally, in the presence of fluroxypyr, 14C picloram absorption was maintained throughout all sampling intervals. Picloram applied alone, maximized 14C absorption at 6 HAT then declined significantly. At the final sampling, 14C from picloram applied alone was in greater concentration in the treated leaf and the root. Picloram significantly decreased absorption of 14C fluroxypyr. Fluroxypyr alone maintained 14C absorption throughout all samplings, whereas the combination maximized at 12 HAT. Initially, picloram limited 14C translocation, however at 6, 12, and 24 HAT this was not evident.

This dissertation investigates Aristotle’s theory of phantasia as a cognitive ability, in terms of which mental content is available to the mind of rational beings. The focus is on Catherine Osborne’s extension of phantasia to nonhuman animals in order to allow for and explain non-human animal behaviour in terms of a rational paradigm, which de-emphasises, and does not rely on, linguistic ability. This paradigm for understanding animal behaviour as rational supports, and is supported by, modern theories of cognitive ethology, and argues for the ability of animals to share in conceptual thought. The recognition of rationality in animals by means of this paradigm bears ethical consequences for the treatment of animals. / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (Classical Studies)

This dissertation investigates Aristotle’s theory of phantasia as a cognitive ability, in terms of which mental content is available to the mind of rational beings. The focus is on Catherine Osborne’s extension of phantasia to nonhuman animals in order to allow for and explain non-human animal behaviour in terms of a rational paradigm, which de-emphasises, and does not rely on, linguistic ability. This paradigm for understanding animal behaviour as rational supports, and is supported by, modern theories of cognitive ethology, and argues for the ability of animals to share in conceptual thought. The recognition of rationality in animals by means of this paradigm bears ethical consequences for the treatment of animals. / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (Classical Studies)

Die Dissertation liefert eine Neuinterpretation des theoretischen Hauptziels der Harmonischen Elemente des Aristoxenos, sofern in der späten Herausbildung seines Dynamis-Begriffs unstrittig die zentrale Konzeption eines Wissens von der Musik liegt. Im Unterschied zur vorherrschenden Lehrmeinung und den bisherigen, vornehmlich musikhistorisch und philosophiegeschichtlich argumentierenden Ansätzen, welche die Innovationen des Aristoxenos auf die Befolgung der Methodik seines Lehrers Aristoteles und einer wissenschaftlichen Ferne von den Pythagoreern zurückführen, kommt die vorliegende, hauptsächlich medientheoretisch vorgehende Untersuchung zu dem gegenteiligen Ergebnis, dass (i) die Dynamis des Aristoxenos der Metaphysik des Aristoteles eklatant widerspricht und (ii) allein aus einer weiter gefassten Ontohistorie der griechischen Mousa-Kultur und deren philosophischen Verarbeitung durch den späten, pythagoreisierenden Platon in ihrer musiktheoretischen Relevanz hinreichend erkannt und in ihrer epistemologischen Signifikanz ausreichend gewürdigt werden kann. Für den Ansatz gilt zum einen, ernst zu nehmen, wie die in ihrer Vehemenz und Absolutheit bislang unverstandene Kritik an der Musiknotation aus der erstmaligen Einbeziehung der Melodie in die Wissenschaft von der Harmonie resultiert und entsprechend die radikalen Konsequenzen zu verfolgen, wie durch diese Verzeitlichung die Theorie der Musik insgesamt zu einer logisch-technischen Betrachtung eines harmonischen Prozesses wird, der unweigerlich mit virtuellen Entitäten operieren muss. Zum anderen sieht sich die Arbeit gezwungen, weit auszuholen, um kulturtechnisch auf die epistemogenen Momente der Erfindung des Alphabets und der Entdeckung des Inkommensurablen einzugehen, sowie philologisch das Pythagoreerbild des Aristoteles zu korrigieren. Beides zusammen führt ferner auf die Notwendigkeit, einen ‚zeiteigenen Sinn der Geschichte‘ zu postulieren und methodisch eine ‚doppelt negative Medienarchäologie‘ zu entwickeln. / This dissertation provides a reinterpretation of the major goal of Aristoxenus’ Harmonic Elements, inasmuch as it is beyond dispute that his late notion of dynamis constitutes the pivotal conception for a scientific understanding of music. Up to now the prevailing doctrine and a primarily music-historical arguing underpinned by a common approach to the history of philosophy holds that the innovations of Aristoxenus were to be explained by reference to the methodology obtained from his teacher Aristotle and the scientific distance taken from the Pythagoreans. By contrast, the present, mainly media-theoretical investigation arrives at the converse conclusion that (i) Aristoxenus’ notion strikingly contradicts the metaphysics of Aristotle and that (ii) it is alone by attaining a deeper onto-historical insight into the Greek Mousa-Culture and its philosophical incorporation by the late Pythagorising Plato that the music-theoretical relevance of the dynamis of Aristoxenus becomes sufficiently identifiable and that its epistemological significance can adequately be assessed. On the one hand, regarding the approach, one has to seriously account for the fierceness and absoluteness of the hitherto not understood critique of musical notation resulting from the first-time inclusion of melody into harmonic science. Accordingly, the radical consequences are to be traced, namely how by this temporalisation the theory of music as a whole is turned into a logico-technical consideration of a harmonic process that inevitably has to operate with virtual entities. On the other hand, the study is forced to go far afield in order to elucidate the epistomogenic momentum accompanying the invention of the alphabet and the discovery of incommensurability, as well as to correct the image of the Pythagoreans drawn by Aristotle. Taken together, this led to the need of postulating a ‘time’s own sense of history’ and to methodologically develop a ‘double negative media archaeology’.

Diseases of Women, Book I, is part of the Hippocratic Corpus of approximately seventy treatises, although different authors contributed to the writings, as is evident by slight changes in text. It is the first of three works by Hippocrates on gynaecological problems. Fifth century BC doctors did not dissect either humans or animals, so their theories were based purely on observation and experience. Book I deals with women who have problems with menstruation, either the lack of it or an excess, infertility and, when conception does take place, the threat of miscarriage and dealing with the stillborn child. Various remedies are given, including herbal infusions, vapour baths and mixtures that the modern day patient would shudder at, e.g. animal dung and headless, wingless beetles. One remedy, hypericum, or St John's Wort, used for depression, has become popular today as an alternative medicine. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (with specialisation in Ancient Languages and Cultures)

Diseases of Women, Book I, is part of the Hippocratic Corpus of approximately seventy treatises, although different authors contributed to the writings, as is evident by slight changes in text. It is the first of three works by Hippocrates on gynaecological problems. Fifth century BC doctors did not dissect either humans or animals, so their theories were based purely on observation and experience. Book I deals with women who have problems with menstruation, either the lack of it or an excess, infertility and, when conception does take place, the threat of miscarriage and dealing with the stillborn child. Various remedies are given, including herbal infusions, vapour baths and mixtures that the modern day patient would shudder at, e.g. animal dung and headless, wingless beetles. One remedy, hypericum, or St John's Wort, used for depression, has become popular today as an alternative medicine. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (with specialisation in Ancient Languages and Cultures)