Miranda abilities, individual characteristics, and contextual factors are critical elements to evaluate in determining the validity of Miranda rights waivers and confessions. Research indicates that many individuals waive their Miranda rights without adequate comprehension or reasoning. In addition, personality characteristics of suggestibility and compliance are key factors influencing waiver decisions. Furthermore, scholars found that situational anxiety likewise impairs Miranda abilities and waiver decisions. Previous research has investigated the effects of Miranda abilities, individual characteristics, and contextual factors on Miranda waivers and confessions by utilizing confession paradigms. A methodological limitation of these paradigms is the lack of volition and autonomy in committing the accused acts of wrongdoings. The current study of undergraduate students advances previous research through examining the detrimental impact of false accusations of wrongdoings committed independently and intentionally using a novel paradigm. This thesis sought to further the understanding of the effects of Miranda abilities (i.e., comprehension and reasoning), personality characteristics (i.e., suggestibility and compliance), and situational factors (i.e., false accusation) in relation to Miranda waivers and confession decisions. The final sample included 87 undergraduate students, of whom approximately 97% waived their rights and 40% falsely confessed to the wrongdoing. The results indicate that Miranda reasoning, suggestibility, and compliance significantly predict the likelihood of false confession. These findings can be used to inform policy changes as well as the evaluations of the validity of Miranda waivers and confessions.

No description available.

Labor deals with the application of the principle of non-coercion to self-accusation in criminal proceedings, not only in the Czech Republic but also in other European countries and the USA. Partial results are obtained in particular by analyzing the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and, not least, the work presented the views of the experts in the criminal process. Application of that principle is examined from different angles using various procedural acts when the argument was the same judgments inferred line between permissible and impermissible coercion from authorities involved in criminal proceedings. This limit is characterized by the activity of the accused to self- accusation, to which the accused may not be compelled under the threat of sanctions. The thesis deals with the historical development of the principle, its enactment in the valid law, but mainly with its application in the criminal proceedings. The application of this rule is examined not only for various types of testimony in criminal proceedings, but also for further evidence and procedural acts in criminal proceedings (recognition, issue / removal of the subject, identification, use of agent), as well as criminal prosecution of legal entities. The "nemo tenetur se...

PhD / Centre for African Studies

No description available.

La personne qui a osé porter atteinte à une valeur pénalement protégée par la société mérite-t-elle, de la part de celle-ci une quelconque défense? Pendant longtemps, cette défense a fait l'objet de controverses, si certains y étaient favorables, d'autres y étaient résolument hostiles. Le compromis a consisté à refuser les droits de la défense dans l'enquête policière en adoptant un système inquisitoire et à les consacrer largement dans la phase de jugement avec un système accusatoire. Cette mixité de la procédure semble a priori répondre aux intérêts antagonistes au cœur de la procédure pénale. Mais, à l’aune des droits fondamentaux et sous l’influence des dispositions internationales et européennes, cette conception de la procédure devient inadaptée. Les droits de la défense, droits du procès équitable, ne doivent plus faire l’objet de limitations, ils doivent gouverner toute la procédure, de l’enquête policière jusqu’à la phase de jugement. Comment des droits qui ne s’appliquaient initialement que devant une juridiction indépendante et impartiale vont-ils faire irruption dans l’enquête policière sans l’existence d’un juge présentant des garanties équivalentes à celles de la juridiction de jugement ?Si le législateur a d’abord introduit les droits de la défense dans la phase de l’instruction pénale, le déclin de cette dernière au profit de l’enquête policière devrait le pousser à procéder à leur extension. C’est ce qu’il a d’ailleurs commencé à faire, mais de manière timorée. L’effectivité des droits de la défense dans l’enquête policière nécessite non seulement de procéder à leur élargissement, mais aussi de mettre en place un juge indépendant et impartial chargé de garantir leur pleine application comme dans la phase de jugement. Une juridictionnalisation de l’enquête policière est aujourd’hui un impératif. / Did the person who dared to infringe a value criminally protected by the society deserve any defense from that latter? This defence has been controversial for a long time, while some have been in favor, others have been resolutely hostile. The compromise consisted in refusing the rights of the defense in the police investigation by adopting an inquisitorial system and devoting them largely in the judgment phase with an adversarial system. This diversity of the procedure seems a priori to answer the conflicting interests at the heart of the criminal proceedings. But in the light of fundamental rights and under the influence of international and European provisions, this conception of procedure becomes inappropriate. The rights of the defense, as well as the rights to fair trial must no longer be limited, they must govern the entire procedure from the police investigation to the trial stage. How would rights that initially applied only before an independent and impartial jurisdiction break into the police investigation without the existence of a judge providing guarantees equivalent to those of the trial court? If the legislator first introduced the rights of defense in the criminal investigation phase, the decline of the latter in favor of the police investigation should push him to extend them. In fact, this is what he has started to do, but in a timorous way. Not only does the effectiveness of the rights of the defense in the police investigation require to be enlarged, but it also allows putting in place an independent and impartial judge responsible for ensuring their full implementation as in the trial stage. A jurisdictionalization of the police investigation is now a requirement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubens Carlos Vieira.pdf: 1161526 bytes, checksum: 5c861393c2660730df95cf628fda4da4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-11 / This work aims to study the law regarding accusation in disciplinary actions. It begins by investigating the disciplinary powers of Public Administration, their nature and principles. Then, due to the importance of understanding the related process systematics of the Disciplinary Law, the procedural principles and guarantees provided in the 1988 Federal Constitution are analyzed, with special emphasis on those inherent to the accused. After defining some essential concepts and principles, a detailed analysis is made of those affected by the law of accusation, from perspective of the accuser and from that of whoever responds to the accusation. The focus then passes to studying and defining the minimum proportion of the accusation that must be reported to the subject involved and the right timing for making the accusation known, to ensure due and effective application of the abovementioned procedural principles. Finally, the provisions of Federal Law no. 8,112, dated December 11th, 1990, are compared to the law governing the right to be informed of the accusation, in order to verify their compatibility with the principles that should guide the administrative disciplinary action process / O presente trabalho tem por objeto o estudo do direito de ciência da imputação no processo administrativo disciplinar. Para o seu desenvolvimento, investigam-se, logo de início, o poder disciplinar da Administração Pública, seu fundamento e natureza. Em seguida, considerando a relevância para uma minuciosa compreensão da sistemática processualística do Direito Disciplinar, examinam-se os princípios e garantias processuais previstos na Constituição da República, com especial enfoque naqueles inerentes ao acusado. Na sequência, e após fixar alguns conceitos principiológicos imprescindíveis, analisam-se os sujeitos afetados pelo direito de ciência da imputação, sob a ótica daquele que deve fazer a imputação e daquele que deve contrapô-la. São, nesta quadra, estudados e delimitados o conteúdo mínimo da imputação que deve ser informada ao sujeito e o momento em que esta deve ser levada para que se permita o seu exercício efetivo, tendo por base a realização dos princípios processuais outrora discutidos. Por fim, coteja-se a Lei nº 8.112, de 11 de dezembro de 1990, com o direito de ciência da imputação, visando averiguar a sua compatibilidade com os princípios que devem orientar o processo administrativo disciplinar

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les facteurs organisationnels et individuels qui affectent le stress des managers dans le secteur public. Les résultats révèlent d’abord le rôle de l’âge, du type d’organisation et du niveau hiérarchique dans la perception de leur stress. Ensuite, les résultats confirment d’une part, l’influence directe des tensions de rôles, du soutien social perçu des supérieurs puis des subordonnés et de l’engagement au travail sur le stress perçu. Ils montrent d’autre part, des inégalités de perception du stress en fonction des dimensions de ces variables. Enfin, ils révèlent que le rôle atténuateur du stress perçu escompté du soutien social perçu en période de tensions de rôles n’est effectif que chez des managers de proximité et dans des situations bien précises. Le rôle exacerbant du stress perçu attendu de la stratégie de coping centré sur l’émotion auto-accusatrice face aux tensions de rôles est vérifié chez certains managers. / The objective of this research is to study the organizational and individual factors who affect manager’s stress in the public sector. The results reveal the role of age, type of organization and hierarchical level in stress perception. Then, the result confirm, on the one hand, the direct influence of role tension, perceived social support from superiors and subordinate and work engagement on perceived stress. They show, on the other hand, inequality of stress perception depending on the size of these variables. Finally, they reveal that the role of perceived stress attenuator attributed to perceived social support under role tensions is not fully validated. It plays this role only for the local managers and in some specific situations. The exacerbation of the role of perceived stress assigned to the emotion-focused coping strategy of self accusation under role tensions is partially verified among public managers.

As can be seen in the history of political and institutional transitions occurred in Brazil , the construction of the national democratic reality , not always occurred within a context in which the fundamental rights and guarantees were observed and respected by established authorities. Actually, the transition periods were not able to stop the advance of power by dominant groups in order to provide the popular sectors greater democratic participation in the construction of the Brazilian political and legal system. Therefore, this paper demonstrates, based on the judgment of ADPF 153 by the Supreme Court, like the brazilian state authorities are still hostages of dominant interests at the expense of a broader action in favor of the lower classes. To better understand what it is that judgment, it is demonstrated that the goal of ADPF 153 was require interpretation according to the Constitution the law 6.683/79, which granted amnesty to end the dictatorship both those who acted on behalf of the regime, such as those countered if the military government. The purpose of making the interpretation according to the Constitution of that law had the intention to exclude from the amnesty process the agents of repression who committed numerous crimes in favor of the dictatorial government, with a view that can never be configured as political crimes, considering that these are behaviors that violate human rights. Although it has served to broaden the debate, the trial ADPF 153 exposed the existing bonds in Brazilian institutions in respect to confronting issues of class, since the military regime in Brazil was characterized as the imposition of a government whose main purpose was to protect the interests of dominant groups who were threatened with the implementation of social policies occurred by labor leaders during the 1950s and 1960s. In this context, it is essential to demonstrate the need to build a suitable transitional justice to the consolidation of a democratic regime, by filing its dimensions and prosecution of criminal prosecution against those who committed crimes against humanity during the period in which the military were in power. For that, it is necessary to recognize the impact of international human rights treaties over domestic law, so that it is possible to implement measures that seek the ultimate breakup of the most authoritarian stage of history. Furthermore, this study, despite observing the maintenance of an authoritarian state bias in driving, even after the return of civilian government to power, also aims to analyze the small steps that can be checked with respect to the policies adopted in relation to victims of the dictatorship, such as facilitation payments arising from civil reparations. Finally, it notes the need to build on the limitations of the judiciary, a transitional process with the participation of groups representing the demands of civil society, as collective actors that are represented by social movements and the political leaders who are committed to democratic development. / Conforme se pode verificar no histórico de transições políticas e institucionais ocorrido no Brasil, a construção da realidade democrática nacional, nem sempre se deu dentro de um contexto em que os direitos e garantias fundamentais fossem observados e respeitados pelas autoridades instituídas. Na realidade, os períodos de transição não foram capazes de impedir o avanço de poder dos grupos dominantes, de maneira a propiciar aos setores populares uma maior participação democrática na construção do sistema político e jurídico brasileiro. Diante disso, o presente trabalho demonstra, a partir do julgamento pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 153 (ADPF 153), como as autoridades estatais brasileiras ainda se encontram reféns dos interesses dominantes em detrimento de uma atuação mais ampla em favor das camadas populares. Para entender melhor do que se trata esse julgamento, cabe demonstrar que o objetivo maior da ADPF 153 foi requerer a interpretação conforme a Constituição da lei 6.683/79, que anistiou ao final da ditadura tanto aqueles que atuaram em prol do regime, como aqueles que se contrapuseram ao governo militar. A finalidade de se fazer a interpretação conforme a Constituição da referida lei teve como intuito excluir do processo de anistia os agentes da repressão que cometeram inúmeros delitos em nome do governo ditatorial, tendo em vista que não podem jamais se configurar como crimes políticos, considerando que se tratam de condutas violadoras de direitos humanos. Embora tenha servido para ampliar o debate, o julgamento da ADPF 153 expôs as amarras existentes nas instituições brasileiras em relação ao enfrentamento das questões de classe, uma vez que o regime militar no Brasil caracterizou-se como a imposição de um governo, cujo intento principal foi proteger os interesses dos grupos dominantes que se achavam ameaçados diante a implementação de políticas sociais ocorridas por governantes trabalhistas durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960. Em face de tal cenário, é imprescindível demonstrar a necessidade de se construir uma justiça de transição apta à consolidação de um regime democrático, mediante o preenchimento de suas dimensões e a instauração da persecução penal contra aqueles que cometeram crimes contra a humanidade durante o período em que os militares estiveram no poder. Para tanto, torna-se necessário o reconhecimento da incidência dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos sobre o direito interno, de maneira que seja possível implementar medidas que busquem o rompimento definitivo da fase mais autoritária da história do país. Além disso, o presente trabalho, apesar de observar a manutenção de um viés autoritário na condução estatal, mesmo após a volta do governo civil ao poder, almeja analisar também, os pequenos avanços que podem ser verificados no que tange às políticas adotadas em relação às vítimas da ditadura, como por exemplo, a facilitação de pagamentos oriundos de reparações civis. Por fim, observa ainda, a necessidade de se construir, diante as limitações do poder judicial, um processo transicional com a participação de grupos que representam as demandas da sociedade civil, como os atores coletivos que são representados pelos movimentos sociais e as lideranças políticas que estejam comprometidas com o desenvolvimento democrático. / Mestre em Direito Público

The name of the thesis: Approaches of Selected Institucions to Domestic Violence Allegations during the Divorce Proceedings The author: Bc. Petra Vašinová The tutor: PhDr. Miloslav Čedík Pages, marks: 64, 145 176 Separate attachments: 2 Bibliography includes 71 items Abstract: The diploma thesis deals with issues of allegations of domestic violence in the process of custody proceeding before the divorce as viewed by related institutions. The key research subject covers different procedures of selected workers in a case of an allegation. Based on the initial interviews a question came up if the institutions use inner guidelines to deal with possible situations of clients manipulating workers. The next subject were the workers' opinions of the issues and of the allegation charges and sentences. The theoretical scope of the thesis contains relevant information about divorce, parental conflict, manipulation, ways of solving such problems, consequences, parental alienation syndrome and information about allegation in both Czech and foreign researching. The research method that I used was the Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Open and Selective coding were used to evaluate the data. Based on the above mentioned method it has been found...