Für eine konsistente Rechtevergabe in betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen ist die Einbeziehung umfassender intra- und interorganisationeller Strukturen unabdingbar. Die Kernproblematik aktueller Ansätze beruht auf der inkonsistenten Zuweisung von Aufgabenträgern bei der Rechtevergabe. Die Problematik fällt speziell bei aufbauorganisatorischen Änderungen, wie der Einstellung, der Versetzung und dem Ausscheiden von Aufgabenträgern in Unternehmen, ins Gewicht. Das Resultat der inkonsistenten Rechtevergabe ist die Verletzung von (Sicherheits-)Richtlinien in den Unternehmen. Der Neuheitswert der Arbeit basiert vorrangig auf der Entwicklung eines aufbauorganisatorischen Metamodells und einer korrespondierenden deklarativen Anfragesprache. Diese Komposition ermöglicht die konsistente Rechtevergabe und damit einhergehend die Einhaltung der (Sicherheits-)Richtlinien in den betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen. Des Weiteren wird der Wartungsaufwand in den betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen bei den erwähnten aufbauorganisatorischen Änderungen reduziert.

Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre kvinnor arbetande som vårdpersonal på grupp- eller serviceboende för personer med funktionsnedsättning, undersöks utifrån ett konstruktivistiskt perspektiv dessas föreställningar kring våld kopplat till personer med funktionsnedsättning. Studien synliggör hur inblandade aktörers roller kan associeras med föreställningar som uttrycks kring ämnet samt till vad som ses som ”lämpligt” agerande. Det framkom att rollen hos den aktör som utförde en potentiellt våldsam handling var avgörande för hur händelsen betraktades samt hur detta tänktes hanteras. Aktörernas kön uttrycks ej inverka, dock fanns indikationer på vissa tänkta skillnader. Då intervjupersonerna resonerar kring ”lämpligt agerande” förhöll de sig dels till plikter men även en känsla av ”rätt” enligt vad vi tolkar som konsekvensetiskt/utilitaristiskt perspektiv. Då en kollega var inblandad blev lojalitet märkbart relevant. Makt beaktas genomgående och komplexiteten i begreppet våld och hur det kan förstås olika beroende på kontext, inblandade aktörer och perspektiv diskuteras. / Through semi-structured interviews with three women working as care personnel in group or service homes for persons with disabilities, perceptions regarding violence as linked to persons with disabilities is studied from a social-constructionist point of view. The study explores how the roles of actors involved can be associated with notions and interpretations expressed, and with what the interviewees regard as “appropriate” action to handle the situation. The role of the aggressor proved crucial. Gender of the actors was not expressed as important but indications existed pointing to perceived differences. When discussing appropriate action, the interviewees related to both a sense of “duty” and the “right” thing to do from a utilitarian perspective. When involving a colleague, loyalty became relevant. Throughout the study the dimension of power and the complexity of violence is considered and its different understandings depending on context, actors and perspective.

Malgré ses richesses historiques, le centre ancien de Téhéran est aujourd’hui dans un état préoccupant et la question de sa sauvegarde est devenue l’enjeu majeur des conservateurs et défenseurs du patrimoine. Les plans et les propositions élaborés pour revitaliser le centre historique ont été très largement inutiles. Le questionnement de cette thèse porte sur les obstacles à la revitalisation du centre ancien de Téhéran. L’étude du quartier d’Oudlajan, un des quartiers historiques de la ville, permet de mieux comprendre la situation actuelle du patrimoine. D’après nos analyses, à part les politiques des gouvernements aux différentes époques, il semble que la représentation du patrimoine dans la société iranienne ait été fortement influencée par des courants de pensée et des tendances idéologiques. Le désir de « changement », qui existait depuis longtemps en Iran, s'est accompagné d’un rejet de la tradition et de l’histoire, en détruisant tout ce qui est perçu comme ancien. En raison d’une modernisation autoritaire, la ville est devenue le symbole de la rupture avec l’histoire, la tradition et l’identité locale, tout en imitant les modèles occidentaux. L’étude des stratégies mises en œuvre par les différents acteurs met en lumière deux attitudes différentes face au patrimoine du quartier d’Oudlajan. La position des conservateurs, qui privilégient le maintien en l'état des monuments, d’une façon stricte. Leur action se limite à l’inventaire, la réglementation et au contrôle. La position des partisans du développement urbain, répartis en trois groupes : les acteurs institutionnels qui veulent renouveler les quartiers anciens afin d’augmenter leur résistance aux séismes; les acteurs en recherche de nouvelles constructions par intérêt économique; et, enfin, les résidents qui souhaitent vivre dans un logement neuf et un quartier moderne. Les approches de ces trois groupes montrent un manque d’intérêt pour le patrimoine et les espaces historiques et une envie de modernisation. / Despite its historical riches the old center of Tehran is now in a worrying state and the issue of preservation of its heritage has become the major challenge for conservatives and heritage advocates. Plans and propositions made to revitalize the historic center were largely useless. This thesis focuses on the reasons for the difficult revitalization of the historical center of Tehran. The study of Oudlajan, one of the historic neighbourhoods of Tehran, allows to understand the current state of urban heritage. According to our analysis, apart from the government policies in the different periods, the representation of heritage in Iranian society is strongly influenced by the thoughts and ideological trends. The desire to “change”, which has long existed in Iran, was accompanied by the rejection of tradition and history, destroying everything that is known as old. Due to authoritarian modernization, the city became a symbol of the break with history, tradition and local identity, imitating Western models. The study of the strategies employed by different actors highlights two different positions facing heritage of Oudlajan neighborhood. The position of the guardians, who see only the conservation of monuments. The action of these preservatives is limited to inventory, regulation and control. The position of the partisans of urban development can be divided into three groups: institutional actors seeking to renew older neighborhoods to increase their earthquake resistance; the actors who want new constructions for their economic interests; and, finally, the residents who wish to live in a new house and a modern neighbourhood. Approaches of these three groups show a lack of interest in heritage and historic spaces and a desire for modernization.

The aim of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how companies use the social media platform Instagram to represent and promote a place. More precisely, it is of interest to analyze the media production of luxury tourism and how communication tools are applied in order to affect the consumers’ perceptions and increase tourism. In this study we examine the city Dubai’s official tourism account Visit Dubai on Instagram. We focus our research on how the social actors are represented in both image and text, but also the environments in which they are located. In order to investigate how the marketing company Visit Dubai uses semiotic tools to portray its city as a luxury city, we apply a multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA). The theoretical framework is therefore based on research regarding social semiotics and place branding. To achieve the aim of the study, the following questions are formulated: In what ways are social actors and the environments in which they are visually represented? In what ways are social actors and the environments they are placed represented linguistically? In what ways are visual and linguistic resources combined to create performances of Dubai as a tourist destination in the material? What discourses are articulated in Visit Dubai´s material and which relevant discourses are excluded? The result of the analysis shows that all 18 images examined can be related to either luxury, power or status. It is clear that Visit Dubai via their Instagram account, encourages and reinforces the need to achieve high social status, financial status and also to promote luxury consumption.

Esta tese aborda a ascensão de atores não estatais na Política Ambiental Internacional. De forma mais precisa, a cooperação entre ONGs, comunidades locais e o setor privado em arenas transnacionais, o \"novo modo\" de governança global. O objetivo é mostrar que os atores não estatais têm desempenhado um papel importante na governança da biodiversidade como \"global governors\", uma vez que as Organizações Internacionais têm delegado cada vez mais funções a atores não-estatais. Por meio de estudos de caso envolvendo a Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica, a União para o Comércio BioÉtico, e a Natura, esta pesquisa contribui teoricamente e empiricamente para a literatura em Relações Internacionais e Ciência Política ao responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: em que medida as ONGs, o setor privado e as comunidades locais contribuem para o processo de implementação da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB)? / This dissertation addresses the rise of non-state actors in International Environmental Politics. More precisely, it tackles the cooperation among NGOs, local communities and the private sector in transnational arenas, the \"new mode\" of global governance. The aim is to show that non-state actors have played a major role in biodiversity governance as \"global governors\" given that International Organizations have increasingly delegated functional roles to non-state actors. Through case studies involving the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization, the Union for Ethical BioTrade, and Natura, this research study contributes theoretically and empirically to the literature in International Relations and Political Science by answering the following research question: to what extent do NGOs, the private sector and local communities contribute to the implementation process of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

Background:           City Logistics is experiencing many innovative activities in the recent years. These activities are initiated and enhanced by numerous public and private actors, who jointly form innovative networks.   Purpose:                  The purpose of this thesis is to identify the actors, who jointly form the city logistics network, and determine their contribution towards innovation in these networks.   Method:                  The research is based on an interview study. We conducted interviews with representatives of a variety of city logistics actors. These interviews and additional secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. To illustrate the structure of innovative city logistics networks, we used a combination of systems and network theory.   Conclusion:             The results show that actors from six groups are strongly involved in city logistics innovation. These are policymakers, logistics companies, shippers & receivers, technology providers, research institutions and independent platforms. Actors in innovative city logistics networks show a sufficient level of commitment, but they have different focuses in their innovative activities. The most extensive contributions are made by policymakers and logistics companies. Still, policymakers struggle in their function as coordinators of city logistics.

Despite the fact that Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been seen as a new global education phenomenon over the last decade, MOOCs are still in the early stage of its development in Sweden. MOOCs are being adopted into the Swedish context through the application of translation theory. This process of translation has been a slow process in Sweden.  The aim of this thesis is to describe how a global idea is translated to Swedish context, and explore the reasons behind the slow pace of that process in that country, thus contributing to empirical research of the role of actors in the process of translating an idea. Why and how does a university respond to an emerging global idea? In the process of translating and spreading the MOOCs phenomenon at Swedish HEIs, what has been the role of various actors, and their activities involved in this process? Qualitative research is based on one case study, with abductive reasoning.  The translation of MOOC in Sweden is an active, complicated process, and involves a number of actors such as professors, researchers, government, education authorities and students whose activities actively edit, contextualize, and circulate the concept of MOOCs into Swedish HEIs. The findings indicate that the translation process is still slow and undirected due to the lack of support for management and leadership at all levels. However, indicators are that MOOCs will eventually be fully implemented at Swedish Higher Education Institutions, and will be developed as a national platform in Sweden.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of how to successfully collaborate on digital platforms in the manufacturing industry by developing a contingency framework. To fulfill this purpose, the following research questions were derived: RQ1: Which challenges arise when collaborating on digital platforms in the manufacturing industry? and RQ2: How can collaboration challenges on digital platforms in the manufacturing industry be managed? Method – The study was conducted as an explorative, inductive single case study of a digital platform. More specifically, the study examined the development process of a digital twin platform created by a large high-technological company and its collaborative actors. In total, 21 interviews were conducted at eight different companies. The respondents all had experience of digital twin platforms, where some were working with digital twins sporadically and others on a daily basis. The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. Findings – The analysis reveals that actors on digital platforms can face five types of challenges that hinder a successful collaboration: disadvantages of dependency, uncertainty regarding data management, varying customer needs, insufficient work methods, and unsuitable payment models. The analysis also reveals four strategies that can be used to address the challenges: transparency strategy, incentive model strategy, servitization strategy, and control strategy. Moreover, these findings are summarized in a contingency framework that explains which types of challenges that can be addressed with which strategies based on the specific prerequisites of each collaboration. Theoretical and practical implications – The study extends the digital platform literature by providing empirical evidence for several collaboration challenges among the actors on a digital platform, which has previously bee not been studied. Additionally, the study provides evidence of how these challenges can be addressed. Our framework helps manufacturing companies to successfully adopt digital platforms by providing managers with the tools to handle the required collaboration. Limitations and further research – The study is limited by a single case study of a specific digital platform. Thus, to extend the findings, further research that examines other contexts are recommended. Moreover, the establishment of the studied platform is currently in an early phase which limits the study to hypothetical challenges and management methods. To validate the findings, further research that examines a fully developed and implemented platform is recommended.

The Circular Economy was developed as a response to the prevailing linear model of material use. The goal of the concept is to eliminate waste and mitigate environmental impacts by transforming the economic system into one that pursues a circular flow of materials and resources, in contrast to the current make-use-waste paradigm. While the concept has gained some momentum in the past years, there is still no definition that is agreed upon by scholars and practitioners. While the goal of the Circular Economy is clear, the perspectives on how this can be achieved differ. This study focuses on the Circular Economy at the city level via a case study of Uppsala, Sweden. The aim of this study is to gather the perspectives of actors active in circularity and to determine whether they agree on how the Circular Economy can be achieved. While there are a large number of actors involved in Circular Economy in Uppsala, this study focuses on two actor groups: the municipality and businesses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the actors' responses were analysed in regard to the actor's underlying ideology, their role within Circular Economy and their perception on how a transition to a circular system should occur. The study's results reveal that the actors in Uppsala lack an overall consensus on how the Circular Economy should be achieved, even though they tend to agree on some aspects. Furthermore, the interviewed actors do not take into account the systemic perspective of the transition. In response to this finding, the waste hierarchy was updated with the aim to draw attention to this notion. Additionally, it is found that most of the interviewed actors mention co-operation among different organisations as being the key to achieving the Circular Economy, which could help to promote the Circular Economy in the future.

Diamantina, localizada no nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, tem sua origem ligada à mineração, que entrou em decadência no final da década de 1980. Desde então a cidade tem buscado alternativas para estimular o seu desenvolvimento econômico, investindo na valorização do seu patrimônio, reconhecido como Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade (UNESCO,1999) e no turismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se a outorga do título de Patrimônio Mundial contribuiu efetivamente para o desenvolvimento de Diamantina como destino turístico, a partir das perspectivas dos seus atores como a comunidade, a iniciativa privada e o poder público. Para tanto fundamentou-se numa ampla revisão da literatura sobre a temática e em documentos oficiais. Verificou-se a percepção dos diferentes atores a partir da aplicação de formulários junto à população local e à iniciativa privada, além de entrevistas com representantes de diversos segmentos da comunidade diamantinense. Dentre os resultados deste estudo destacam-se as ambiguidades da percepção dos atores locais e o poder público quanto a temas relacionados ao turismo e também ao patrimônio / Diamantina is a city located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais, it has its origin conected to mining, which went into decline in the late 1980\'s. Since then, the city has sought alternatives to stimulate its economic development, investing in valuing its assets, recognized as World Cultural Heritage (UNESCO, 1999), and tourism. This study intends to verify if the World Heritage title grant contributed effectively to the development of Diamantina as a tourist destination, from the perspectives of the actors and the community, the private sector and the government. To do so, we established a broad review of the literature on the subject and in official documents. We also aim to verify, through a survey, the perception of different actors as well as the local population and the private sector, and through interviews with representatives of various segments of the city\'s community. Among the results of this study, we highlight the ambiguities of perception of local actors and public authorities regarding matters related to tourism and also the heritage