[pt] Este trabalho investiga como os aspectos da cultura subjetiva das sociedades brasileira e americana evidenciam-se nos respectivos discursos publicitários. Os seus objetivos são: (i) verificar as particularidades no modo de ser, agir, pensar e utilizar os códigos linguísticos dos membros dessas duas culturas, selecionando para esse fim três categorias de análise: razão / emoção, individualismo / coletivismo e proximidade /distanciamento; (ii) contribuir para que as diferenças detectadas sejam compreendidas e respeitadas por todos os envolvidos em situações de comunicação intercultural e (iii) enriquecer a área de ensino/aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, mais especificamente a de português como segunda língua para estrangeiros ( PL2E ), com informações sobre os valores culturais que permeiam as duas sociedades em questão. Para atingir esses fins, a autora recorreu a renomados estudiosos das áreas aqui contempladas, os quais forneceram o arcabouço teórico para fundamentar a pesquisa. Com os dados obtidos a partir da análise de anúncios publicitários, verificou-se que, em relação às três dicotomias trabalhadas, na sociedade brasileira predominam emoção, coletivismo e proximidade nas interações, ao passo que na sociedade americana predominam razão, individualismo e distanciamento, confirmando dessa forma as hipóteses iniciais. A pesquisa municia professores na elaboração de novos materiais didáticos e no aperfeiçoamento de metodologias que contribuam para um ensino mais dinâmico e eficaz de PL2E. / [en] This work investigates how the subjective cultural aspects of Brazilian and American societies are evident in the respective advertisement discourse. Its goals are: (i) verify the particularities in the way of being, behaving, thinking and using the linguistic codes in these two cultures and, in order to reach this goal, three categories of analysis were selected: reason / emotion, individualism / collectivism and proximity / distance; (ii) contribute to make possible that the differences found in the data can be understood and respected by all those who are involved in situations of intercultural communication; and (iii) enrich the area of foreign languages learning/teaching, and more specifically, the area of Portuguese as a second language for foreign students ( PL2E ), with pieces of information about the cultural values which permeate the two societies in evidence. In order to reach these goals, the author of this work used the studies of prominent scholars of the areas of knowledge here mentioned, which gave the theories necessary to support this research. With the data obtained through the analysis of advertisements, it was possible to verify that, according to the three categories selected, in Brazilian society there is predominance of emotion, collectivism and proximity, while in American society there is predominance of reason, individualism and distance, confirming the initial hypothesis. The research helps teachers in the task of preparing new didactic material and in the improvement of methodologies which may contribute to a more dynamic and efficient PL2E learning.

Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Theological Ethics)

Existe um sem número de obras que tratam da Economia Global (ou Globalização), analisando-a quanto aos aspectos econômicos, sociais, culturais, etc. Neste trabalho, utilizando-se as teorias de Gramsci, Althusser e outros sobre os Aparelhos Coercitivos de Estado, os Aparelhos de Hegemonia (Gramsci), os Aparelhos Ideológicos de Estado (Althusser) e a Indústria Cultural, partiu-se para uma perspectiva de Estado Transnacional Ampliado, liderado pelos Estados Unidos da América com as inevitáveis conseqüências para os países Latino-Americanos, no que tange aos aspectos econômicos e culturais. A necessária resistência a esse processo é enfatizada como a única saída possível para a América Latina, se quiser manter sua identidade perante a chamada \"Americanização\" econômico-cultural. / There are innumerable works on the issue of the Global Economy (or Globalization), analyzing the theme from economic, social and cultural aspects, etc. This work uses the theories of Gramsci, Althusser and others of the Coercive Apparatus of the State, the Hegemonic Apparatus (Gramsci), the Ideological Apparatus of the State (Althusser) and the Cultural Industry to move towards the perspective of an Enlarged Transnational State led by the United States of America and its inevitable consequences for Latin American nations on both the economic and cultural levels. Necessary resistance to this process is stressed as the only possible way out for Latin America, if it is to maintain its identity before this so-called economic/cultural \"Americanization\".

[pt] O presente estudo analisa a formação do pensamento crítico literário do escritor peruano Mario Vargas Llosa ao longo dos anos sessenta e setenta. Neste período, marcado pela experiência revolucionária cubana e a expansão internacional da narrativa latino-americana, pensar a literatura era também pensar os modos de existência político-social no continente. Dessa forma, este trabalho divide-se em quatro momentos distintos e relacionais tendo como objeto de investigação, principal, a formulação da teoria dos demônios de Vargas Llosa desenvolvida de modo sistemático em seu livro Gabriel García Márquez: historia de un deicidio (1971). Inicialmente, busca-se a compreensão da conformação do pensamento de Vargas Llosa sobre o papel do intelectual e a função político-social da literatura no contexto dos anos sessenta, assim como a historicidade de seu ensaio sobre a obra do escritor colombiano García Márquez. Num segundo momento, analisamos o conteúdo da teoria dos demônios estabelecendo os diálogos com os pensamentos e conceitos de outros intelectuais, tais como Jean-Paul Sartre e Sigmund Freud. Depois, segue-se a análise das primeiras recepções críticas da interpretação de Vargas Llosa sobre a vocação do romancista e a natureza da literatura, compreendendo que os posicionamentos políticos do escritor peruano adquirem fundamental relevância nesse processo. Finalmente, aborda-se a polêmica entre Ángel Rama e Vargas Llosa, em 1972, na qual analisamos através dos repertórios e conceitos requeridos no debate os tensionamentos e noções de modernização político-cultural no discurso de ambos os polemistas. / [en] The present study analyzes the literary critical thinking formation of the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa throughout the sixties and seventies. In this period, marked by Cuban revolutionary experience and the international expansion of Latin American narrative, to think literature was also to think about the ways of political-social existence on the continent. Thus, this work is divided into four distinct and relational moments having as main research object the formulation of the theory of the demons of Vargas Llosa systematically developed in his book Gabriel García Márquez: historia de un deicidio (1971). Firstly, an attempt is made to understand Vargas Llosa s understanding of the role of the intellectual and the political-social function of literature in the context of the 1960s, as well as the historicity of his essay on the work of Colombian writer García Márquez. In a second moment, we analyze the content of the theory of demons by establishing dialogues with the thoughts and concepts of other intellectuals, such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Sigmund Freud. Then follows the analysis of the first critical receptions of Vargas Llosa s interpretation of the novelist s vocation and the nature of the literature, understanding that the political positions of the Peruvian writer acquire fundamental relevance in this process. Finally, we discuss the polemic between Ángel Rama and Vargas Llosa in 1972, in which we analyzed through the repertoires and concepts required in the debate the tensions and notions of political-cultural modernization in the discourse of both polemicists.

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This work is a study of the origins, development, and contributions of the black religious colleges of East Texas. The central purpose of the study is to reexamine the role Wiley, Bishop, Texas, and Jarvis colleges have played in black higher education. Although prior to 1960 most studies of Negro institutions of higher education described such schools as total failures in their effort to uplift American Negroes, since that time many scholars have published works which pointed up the achievements as well as the problems of those colleges. In addition to their efforts to provide the Negro community with capable leaders, the black religious colleges of East Texas also directed public service projects. Especially beneficial, these efforts, which included farm demonstration programs and home demonstration classes, were designed to help black people at whatever level needed. Wiley, Bishop, Texas College, and Jarvis have not been total failures. Although always academically weak, they have served the black community well. However, in spite of the valuable service they have rendered, unless these schools can generate new and larger sources of revenue, they stand little chance of remaining viable institutions. Each of these colleges desperately needs more money. Ironically, it may be that black colleges will decline in the future primarily not because their raison d' etre has been eliminated, but because the public and government agencies have concluded that such institutions no longer warrant their support.

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