Cette thèse a pour objectif majeur d’examiner l’émergence des émotions en situation de menace du stéréotype et leurs implications sur la performance cognitive des individus stigmatisés. Nous poursuivons deux objectifs. Dans un premier temps, nous souhaitons montrer que la situation de menace du stéréotype est propice non seulement au déclenchement de peur mais aussi de colère chez les individus stigmatisés. Dans ce cadre, nous postulons que l’adhésion ou non des individus au stéréotype de leur groupe d’appartenance déterminerait respectivement l’émergence de peur ou de colère. Cinq études expérimentales permettent de valider cette hypothèse. Dans un second temps, nous examinons les processus par lesquels ces deux émotions interviennent dans la chute de performance classiquement observée en menace du stéréotype. Sur la base de la théorie des tendances à l’action et des théories cognitives, nous proposons que la peur et la colère ressenties par les individus stigmatisés dans cette situation, sont responsables de ses conséquences délétères sur leur performance. La peur est associée à une tendance d’évitement qui empêcherait les individus négativement stéréotypés de s’impliquer dans la tâche qui permet l’application du stéréotype. La colère, quant à elle, favorise une tendance d’approche et un traitement heuristique de l’information qui, associés, précipiteraient les réponses des individus stigmatisés et empêcheraient le traitement approfondi de la tâche. Par leur tendance d’action, peur et colère pourraient contribuer à la réduction des performances en situation de menace du stéréotype. Trois études expérimentales permettent de valider cette idée.Cette thèse propose une explication alternative à l’effet délétère classiquement observé de la menace du stéréotype sur les performances des individus stigmatisés et pointe l’importance de prendre en considération les conséquences comportementales et cognitives des émotions dans cette situation. / The aim of this research is to examine the emergence of emotions in stereotype threat and its implications on performances of stigmatized individuals. We have two purposes. First, we want to show that stereotype threat situation triggers not only fear but also anger in stigmatized individuals. We postulate that endorsement or non endorsement to the group stereotype would respectively determine the emergence of fear or anger. Five experiments confirm our hypothesis. Then we examine processes through which fear and anger have deleterious effect on performances in stereotype threat situation. We suggest that fear and anger have deleterious effect because of the action tendencies and the cognitive processing of information that they trigger. Fear triggers an avoidance action tendency which could prevent stigmatized individuals to get involved in the task. Anger triggers an approach action tendency and a heuristic processing of information which could lead to rush towards the task without processing information deeply. Three experiments confirm our hypothesis. This research suggests an alternative explanation to the deleterious effect of stereotype threat on performances and highlights the importance to take into account the behavioral and cognitive consequences of emotions in the stereotype threat situation.

abstract: The research on female juvenile gang members is limited in scope and research has not yet examined mental health issues in this population. This study examines the case histories of 127 female juvenile gang members who were arrested by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. To add to the limited gender-specific research on female juvenile gang members, data are presented regarding this population's mental health problems, childhood maltreatment, substance abuse problems, age of contact with the juvenile justice system, and other factors salient to female juvenile gang members' prevention, treatment, and intervention needs. Female juvenile gang members who had a mental health diagnosis were significantly more likely to report childhood maltreatment. Female juvenile gang members who were younger at their age of first arrest were significantly more likely to report chronic substance use. Clinical levels of anger-irritability and depression-anxiety were found for approximately half of female juvenile gang members and suicide ideation was found for approximately one fourth. These findings have important implications for practitioners and gender-specific prevention, intervention, and treatment programs targeted specifically for female juvenile gang members. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.W. Social Work 2012

In this dissertation I investigate the intrapsychic make-up of rage-type offenders and explore the psychodynamics of the act of murder itself The dissertation begins with a discussion on the defining features of the act of rage-type murder. I then consider the role of personality characteristics and psychopathology in individuals who have committed such offences. With the basic features of the offender and act itself outlined, the following section reviews key areas of debate regarding the psychodynamics of violence and the intrapsychic make-up of the rage-type murderer. I first explore the nature of aggression as debated in psychoanalysis and conclude that the views expressed are often unn,ecessarily polarized regarding the origins of aggression and suggest that the specifics of particular types of aggression require consideration in order to assess their intrapsychic nature. The specifics of rage and violence are discussed with this in mind. In the second chapter of this section I develop a number of intrapsychic dimensions to be used in understanding how different types of violence are constituted. Psychodynamic contributions towards understanding rage-type murder, as a specific form of violence, are then discussed. Following this review, a number of directive ~uestions are formulated regarding (1) the intrapsychic dimension of rage-type murder; (2) the pJ;esence of the borderline personality in such offender~ and its intrapsychic nature; and (3) the_ specific psychodynamics that lie behind what is argued to be a defensive act of murder. A multiple case study approach, using nine imprisoned rage-type offenders, is used to further explore the above issues. Court summary reports, the Thematic Apperception Test and the Psychoanalytic Research Interview comprised the research material, with particular emphasis placed on the interview material. The interview is approached from a psychoanalytic perspective and I develop some theoretical, technical and analytical guidelines to try to broaden Jhe use of psychoanalysis in the research domain. Findings of the research reveal a specific kind of defensive organization that is characterized by a constellation of object relations that I term the 'narcissistic exoskeleton'. I suggest that these findings best fit the description of a particular kind of borderline personality organization typified by apparent 'normality'. Other prominent aspects of the dimensions of violence observed in these cases include: (1) a poor representational capacity; (2) an interactional style characterized by uncontainable projective exchanges between victim and offender; (3) a collusive primary object relationship combined with the absence of an internalized 'third object'; (4) a 'two-faced' superego structure; (5) the internalization of traumatic experience that has become associated with a bad object system; (6) phantasies of restoring ideal good in external objects alongside conscious fantasies of annihilation. Within the context of these factors the intrapsychic events that lead to the act itself are discussed. It is found that a collapse of the 'narcissistic exoskeleton', the intrusion of the bad object system and the unbearable shame that this evokes in the offender are prominent features of what culminates in an act of explosive rage and projective identification. Some of the implications of my research are briefly discussed in the concluding chapter.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scarin_accf_dr_mar.pdf: 2178185 bytes, checksum: 2b5033f8639e1a8b0e5cbd5363597249 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender qual o papel da raiva na constituição da noção de respeito pela criança. Tomando por base resultados obtidos em um primeiro trabalho, O desenvolvimento da noção de respeito pela criança da Educação Infantil, o qual também teve como foco a questão da constituição do respeito e sua relação com experiências de amor e medo vividas por quem está aprendendo a respeitar. Compreendendo, a partir deste primeiro trabalho, a vigência desta questão, buscamos aprofundar o compreendido acerca desta constituição enquanto processo, a qual envolve, além das experiências citadas, notadamente a raiva. A partir de descobertas realizadas por Jean Piaget no campo da moral, pesquisamos junto às crianças acerca do que assinalaria o aparecimento deste fenômeno, ou seja, a raiva na constituição do respeito. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma E.M. de São José do Rio Preto/SP, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a Entrevista Clínica Piagetiana, realizada com 19 crianças entre quatro e seis anos de idade, com o auxílio de uma estória narrada e ilustrada, um questionário previamente elaborado, expressões faciais traduzindo seis tipos de emoções, e expressões faciais variando da contrariedade inegável ao mais amplo sorriso de satisfação. O acompanhamento às crianças foi feito durante três anos, e as entrevistas, realizadas três vezes. Como resultados dos dados compilados, ficou claro que as crianças têm noção de que devem respeitar, reconhecem uma ordem, gostam da professora mas têm dificuldade de absorverem o impacto que a raiva da ordem traz consigo. / The present research aims at understanding the role of anger related to the formation of the idea of respect by the child. We made use of the results obtained in our first work: O desenvolvimento da noção de respeito pela criança da Educação Infantil [The development of the idea of respect by nursery school students]. We found out that the development of the idea of respect in the child was associated with experiences of love and fear while they are learning to respect. Taking into consideration this aspect, we decided to refine our study about this process, more precisely, to understand anger whilst a process. Making use of Jean Piaget’s theory of moral judgment, we observed children’s attitudes in order to establish the moment when the anger and the development of respect appeared. The research was carried out in a nursery school in São José do Rio Preto – São Paulo – Brazil, we observed 19 children age 4-6; to collect data, we made use of Clinical Interview derived from Piagetian investigations. We also made use of an illustrated story, a previously prepared questionnaire, facial expressions displaying six kinds of emotions, ranging from strong opposition to wide open smile. We accompanied the children during 3 years, and we interviewed them 3 times. The results show that the children accept the fact that they have to respect the others; they recognize an order, they like the teacher but they have problems to deal with the impact of anger and order. We found out that the experience of anger may or not precede the proper conditions to the development of the notion of respect. The children accept the impact of anger and sediment the acceptance of themselves, opening space to absorb the other as someone to be respected.

The fact of racial injustice in the US presents the difficult question of which emotional responses are (conceptually) appropriate to the perpetration of that injustice. Given that our answer must be informed by the nature of the injustice, this paper takes up Christopher Lebron’s diagnosis of the persistence of racial injustice against blacks in the US as a problem of social value in order to analyze a candidate response on the part of black americans. If Lebron’s theory accurately describes the problem, then it seems that anger appropriately responds to the injustice. The paper’s aim, then, is to give a positive account of black anger in response to the problem of social value. The account is informed by an analysis of “angry black literature,” i.e. a selection of essays from W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, and Audre Lorde. Approaching the subject within the framework of analytic philosophy, the paper concludes that anger is appropriate in virtue of its being a response to specific moral failures, and further notes that anger offers the ameliorative benefit of pointing out where those failures have taken place, and how we can avoid them in the future.

The purpose of this article is to focus on unique issues that are encountered in the crosscultural adaptation of measures of emotions. We take into consideration the cross-cultural equivalence of the concept of emotion, and how cultural differences influence the meaning of words that are utilized to describe these concepts. The critical need to take the state-trait distinction into account in adapting measures of emotional states and personality traits is then discussed. The effects of language and culture in adapting measures of the experience, expression, and control of anger in Latin-America are also reviewed. The construction of the Latin American Multicultural State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory is described. / Medición transcultural de las emociones: la expresión de la ira Se presenta un análisis de las dificultades encontradas en el proceso de adaptación transcultural de pruebas de medición de las emociones. Se toma en consideración la equivalencia transcultural del concepto de emoción, y como las diferencias culturales tienen una gran influencia en el significado de las palabras a ser usadas para definir y describir las emociones y su medición. Se discute la importancia y necesidad de considerar el concepto de estado-rasgo en el proceso de adaptación de pruebas psicológicas que evalúan los estados emocionales. Se examina los efectos de la lengua y cultura en la adaptación de pruebas que evalúen la experiencia, expresión y control de la ira en Latinoamérica. Finalmente, se describe la construcción del Inventario Multicultural Latinoamericano de la Expresión de la Ira, Estado-Rasgo.

Four hundred seventy nine Peruvian students (188 mal e and 291 female) rated the frequency of negative social emotions in themselves, in their neighborhood, and in the Peruvian society; and the frequency of anomalous daily situations. Verbal aggressions and gossiping obtained the highest averages in the evaluations of affects in the neighborhood, but solidarity was rated as high than the negative affects. In the Peruvian society, envy and physical aggression were rated asthe highest, and the positive affects obtained the smallest averages. To be a victim of an assault,to be cheated, and to be insulted obtained the highest averages in anomalous situations. Resentment and anger were the most salient negative affects. / Se investigó a 479 universitarios peruanos (188 hombres y 291 mujeres) a través de una autoevaluación sobre la frecuencia de afectos y conductas negativas en ellos mismos, en su vecindad y en la sociedad peruana, y la de situaciones anómalas en su vida cotidiana. Agresiones verbales al otro y hablar mal de los demás obtuvieron los promedios más elevados en la valoración de los afectos y las conductas negativos en el barrio, pero la solidaridad fue asimismo vista como muy elevada. En la sociedad peruana, la envidia y la agresión verbal fueron evaluadas como las más altas y los promedios de los afectos positivos (solidaridad y confianza en los demás)f ueron los más bajos. Ser víctima de un robo, ser víctima de un engaño y ser insultado obtuvieron los promedios más altos en situaciones anómalas. El resentimiento y la cólera fueron los afectos negativos de mayor magnitud.

D.Ed. / The primary goal of this research is to describe a model for educational psychologists to guide the child in the informal housing community to deal constructively with anger. The rationale for the research is derived from changes in the South African society. In the struggle for survival, the child develops inappropriate ways of dealing with anger. The child's mental health is therefore endangered and through facilitative interaction the educational psychologist can support the child in developing skills in dealing constructively with anger. The study commences with a theoretical framework in which the suppositions of the research are discussed. The meta-theoretical suppositions, based on the theory of educational psychology for the whole person, phenomenology, educational philosophy and developmental psychology are discussed. Thereafter theoretical suppositions developed from the meta-theoretical suppositions are discussed. The theoretical suppositions are complemented by a chapter on the design of the research. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design and functional school of thought are followed. The principle of logic and justification for scientific research is answered from a postmodern perspective. The descriptive phenomenological method of Giorgi (1985:8-19) was used to conduct an in-depth exploration of the child's management of anger. Guba's model of trustworthiness (1985:201) - which was used and based on truth-value -applicability, consistency and neutrality is then discussed. Ethical precautions that were taken are discussed. The discussion of the research results is presented from the child's perspective - interviewing, observation and information are derived from documents during the course of twenty-one weeks. Eight children took part in exploring their management of anger. During the course of eleven weeks facilitative interaction supported by the Gestalt-therapeutical process of Oak!ander (1978:53-66; 2002:1-17) took place in a group context. Individual interviews were then conducted. The last six weeks were succeeded by informal sessions with soccer play as main activity. The children revealed how they experience difficulty in dealing with anger due to inadequate support and modelling in their interaction with the community in which they live. This was done by means of projective media. The child's predisposition in relation to anger is reflected in an external locus of control. It develops into a cycle of problematic management of anger. The research resulted in the development of a model for educational psychologists. The primary supposition of the model is that facilitative interaction supported by the Gestalttherapeutical process of Oaklander can aid the educational psychologist to guide the child between the age of eleven and twelve, to deal constructively with anger. In the process of facilitative interaction the child is supported to develop self-awareness, self-knowledge and self-regulation through which the child is enabled to deal with anger constructively. The development of the model is initiated by identification, definition and classification of central and associated concepts. The relationships between the concepts are drawn, involving the description of the model. This model is of particular significance to the child living in the informal housing community who has little access to mental health resources. A continued co-operative process involving the educational psychologist as interactive-facilitator consulting with community services and resources is brought about as the child's needs surrounding the issue of anger become apparent. This process not only benefits the child in question, but also serves as an educational opportunity involving the child's micro-, meso-, eco- and macro-systems in accepting the educative responsibility of supporting the child in dealing with anger, working towards self-regulation and mental health.

No description available.

This project will address the increasing problem of violence on our nations roadways. This form of violence, termed road rage, is also occurring worldwide.