Em 1968, um composto do tipo 5-nitroimidazol, o megazol, foi sintetizado por Berkelhammer e Asato e demonstrou largo espectro de ação biológica. Em 1980, pesquisadores brasileiros determinaram excelente atividade desta molécula contra o Tripanosoma cruzi, em ratos, por via oral. Constam da literatura quatro rotas para a obtenção deste fármaco, que podem ser otimizadas no tocante ao aumento da produtividade e minimização dos riscos. A nova rota, ora proposta, é uma alternativa para a síntese do megazol, realizada somente em três etapas de fácil execução, abrindo caminho para obtenção de seus análogos estruturais. / In 1968, Berkelhammer and Asato synthesized a compound of the 5-nitroimidazole group, called megazol. This compound demonstrated a high biological activity. In 1980, brazilian researchers tested the megazol in mices and they discovered an excellent activity of this against Chagas\' disease. There are four routes to synthesize these compound indicated in the literature. Actually, these routes can be optimized to achieve the yield and minimization of the risks involved in the unitary processo The new route proposed is an alternative to obtain the megazol in only three stages of easy perform. This method makes way to structural analogues of this drug.

Peptídeos antimicrobianos são importantes componentes do sistema imune de vertebrados e invertebrados. Neste trabalho purificamos e caracterizamos quatro moléculas presentes na hemolinfa da aranha Acanthoscurria gomesiana: 1) theraphosinina, peptídeo de 4052,5 Da purificado do plasma, apresenta atividade anti-Micrococcus luteus e não apresenta similaridade com outros peptídeos. A partir dos hemócitos foram purificados: 2) mygalomorphina, um peptídeo de 415,9 Da com atividade anti-Escherichia coli. Sua atividade está relacionada à produção de H2O2 pois é inibida por catalase; 3) gomesina, um peptídeo de 2270,4 Da que apresenta alta similaridade com taquiplesinas e protegrinas. Apresenta amplo espectro de atividade contra bactérias, leveduras, fungos e Leishmania; 4) acanthoscurrina, um peptídeo rico em glicina, que apresenta duas isoformas com 10132,4 e 10249,1Da. Este peptídeo tem atividade contra E. coli e Candida albicans e apresenta grande similaridade com proteinas antifúngicas de insetos e também com proteínas relacionadas com a defesa em plantas. / Antimicrobial peptides are important components of the vertebrates and invertebrates immune system. In this work we purified and characterized four molecules from Acanthoscurria gomesiana spider hemolimph: 1) theraphosinin, a 4,052.5 Da peptide purified from plasma with anti-Micrococcus luteus activity. It does not show similarity with any other invertebrate immune peptides. From the hemocytes three peptides have been purified: 2) mygalomorphin, a peptide with 415.9 Da, which shows anti-Escherichia coli activity. This activity is inhibited by catalase, therefore it may be, related to the H2O2 production; 3) gomesin, a peptide with 2,270.4 Da, that shows high similarity with tachyplesins and protegrins. It have large activity spectrum against bacteria, yeast, fungi and Leishmania; 4) acanthoscurrin, a glycine-rich peptide that shows two isoforms of 10,132.4 and 10,249.1 Da. This peptide has activity against E. coli and Candida albicans and shows high similarity with antifungal proteins of insects and plants defense proteins.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T13:09:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo Silva P2.pdf: 7012001 bytes, checksum: ac02584f36ed9b11322782dedd7f3d27 (MD5) Paulo Silva P1.pdf: 6123162 bytes, checksum: 481a802fdab0d1220341da009f60cb4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-23T13:09:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo Silva P2.pdf: 7012001 bytes, checksum: ac02584f36ed9b11322782dedd7f3d27 (MD5) Paulo Silva P1.pdf: 6123162 bytes, checksum: 481a802fdab0d1220341da009f60cb4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O presente trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico da fase em diclorometano dos componentes fixos das folhas de Myrcia hiemalis, bem como os ensaios biológicos realizados com o extrato etanólico, fases em diclorometano e hexano e substâncias isoladas. A espécie M. hiemalis está sendo estudada quimicamente pela primeira vez. Do estudo fitoquímico da fase em diclorometano das folhas de Myrcia hiemalis foram isolados e identificados sete componentes não-voláteis: miricitrina, daucosterol, 2?,4?-diidróxi-3?,5?-dimetil-6?-metóxichalcona, 2?,6?-diidróxi-3?-metil-4?-metóxichal-cona, 2?,3?,4?-diidróxi-5?-metil-6?-metóxichalcona, 7-hidróxi-6,8-dimetil-5-metóxi-flavanona e 5,7-diidróxi-6,8-dimetilflavanona. As estruturas das substâncias foram determinadas através das análises de diversas técnicas de RMN de 1H e 13C. Foram realizados testes antimicrobianos utilizando a técnica de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) com os microorganismos: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus,Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, choleraesuis, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Candida albicans e Crinipellis perniciosa. A fase em diclorometano apresentou atividade contra as bactérias Gram-positivas testadas e contra o fungo Crinipellis perniciosa. Das substâncias isoladas, apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana a 2?,4?-diidróxi-3?,5?-dimetil-6?-metóxichalcona contra Micrococcus luteus e a 7-hidróxi-6,8-dimetil-5-metóxiflavanona contra Bacillus subtilis e Micrococcus luteus.Testes anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e anti-Leishmania amazonensis foram realizados com substâncias isoladas utilizando a técnica desenvolvida pela FIOCRUZ, sendo que a 2?,4?-diidróxi-3?,5?-dimetil-6?-metóxichalcona apresentou atividade contra os parasitos (anti-T. cruzi: IC50 13,12 mM; anti-L. amazonensis: 100% inibição a 50 mM) e a 2?,6?-diidróxi-3?-metil-4?-metóxichalcona apresentou atividade contra T. cruzi (IC50 35,95 mM). / Salvador

La trypanosomiase humaine africaine, la maladie de Chagas et les leishmanioses sont des maladies parasitaires qui représentent un problème majeur de santé publique dans de nombreux pays et notamment ceux en voie de développement. Afin de trouver de nouveaux candidat-médicaments contre ces parasites, deux séries chimiques ont été étudiées : les diarylidèneacétones et les 2,6-diaryl-4H-tetrahydrothiopyranones.Précédemment initiée au laboratoire, l'étude approfondie de la série diarylidèneacétone a nécessité la mise au point et l'optimisation de protocoles. Une nouvelle méthodologie de synthèse des (hétéro)diarylidèneacétones dissymétriques par palladocatalyse a ainsi été développée en collaboration avec le Pr. T. J. Müller (Université de Düsseldorf). En dépit d'excellentes activités antiparasitaires, la plupart des diarylidèneacétones synthétisées se sont révélées trop toxiques sur les cellules humaines.Les 2,6-diaryl-4H-tétrahydrothiopyranones et leurs S-oxydes ont été conçues pour résoudre ce problème de toxicité. Agissant comme prodrogues, ces molécules sont susceptibles de régénérer les diarylidèneacétones parentes par β-élimination du groupement soufré intracyclique. Peu décrite dans la littérature, la synthèse diastéréosélective de ces structures a été intégralement mise au point et généralisée à de nombreuses substitutions. Les résultats obtenus prouvent que la toxicité des produits a été grandement diminuée tout en maintenant une activité antiparasitaire importante, ce qui valide l'approche de la stratégie prodrogue. / Human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are parasitic diseases that significantly affect the populations and thus the economy of many developing countries. With the aim of developing new therapeutic agents to cure these diseases, we focused our research on two series: the diarylideneacetone and the 2,6-diaryl-4H-tetrahydrothiopyranone series.To complete and expend preliminary results that had been previously obtained in our laboratory, a generalization and an optimization of the protocols was intended. Thus, a novel Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of (hetero)dissymmetric diarylideneacetones was developed and optimized in collaboration with Prof. T. J. Müller (University of Düsseldorf). In spite of excellent antiparasitic activities, most of the diarylideneacetones were toxic toward human cells.2,6-Diaryl 4H-tetrahydrothiopyranones and their related S-oxides were designed to cope with major toxicity issues. Acting as prodrugs, these molecules are prone to undergo β-elimination of the sulfurated intracyclic group, regenerating the parent diarylideneacetone. The diastereoselective synthesis of this scaffold is not extensively described in the literature. Consequently, novel diastereoselective methodologies have been developed and generalized to a wide panel of substitution patterns. Results of the biological assays demonstrated that sulfide and S-oxide prodrugs displayed a lowered toxicity while the potency was maintained, thus confirming the validity of the prodrug strategy.

Em 1968, um composto do tipo 5-nitroimidazol, o megazol, foi sintetizado por Berkelhammer e Asato e demonstrou largo espectro de ação biológica. Em 1980, pesquisadores brasileiros determinaram excelente atividade desta molécula contra o Tripanosoma cruzi, em ratos, por via oral. Constam da literatura quatro rotas para a obtenção deste fármaco, que podem ser otimizadas no tocante ao aumento da produtividade e minimização dos riscos. A nova rota, ora proposta, é uma alternativa para a síntese do megazol, realizada somente em três etapas de fácil execução, abrindo caminho para obtenção de seus análogos estruturais. / In 1968, Berkelhammer and Asato synthesized a compound of the 5-nitroimidazole group, called megazol. This compound demonstrated a high biological activity. In 1980, brazilian researchers tested the megazol in mices and they discovered an excellent activity of this against Chagas\' disease. There are four routes to synthesize these compound indicated in the literature. Actually, these routes can be optimized to achieve the yield and minimization of the risks involved in the unitary processo The new route proposed is an alternative to obtain the megazol in only three stages of easy perform. This method makes way to structural analogues of this drug.

Orientador: Cesar Costapinto Santana / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_AnaCarolina_M.pdf: 2361694 bytes, checksum: bcd5c25d65fe1d7ac8a8666d6f13c023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O secnidazol corresponde à formulação 1-(hidroxipropil)-2-metil-5-nitroimidazol e possui espectro de atividade contra microorganismos anaeróbicos e eficácia no tratamento de amebíase, giardíase, tricomoníase e vaginose bacteriana. Ele é comercializado na forma racêmica, isto é, na proporção 1:1 dos seus enantiômeros R e S. Não é oficial em nenhuma farmacopeia. Estudos relatam que para alguns imidazóis o enantiômero R apresenta maior atividade biológica frente ao enantiômero S. Portanto a separação do secnidazol é importante para testes biológicos comparativos de efeitos colaterais. Inserindo-se neste contexto, foi desenvolvido este trabalho de pesquisa com o intuito de estudar a resolução enantiomérica do fármaco secnidazol pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência utilizando coluna recheada com fase estacionária tris(3,5-dimetilfenilcarbamato) de amilose. Experimentos de pulsos com soluções diluídas foram realizados variando a vazão de fase móvel de 1,0 a 2,5 mL/min e as temperaturas de 20 a 35°C. Os resultados mostraram alta eficiência, com número de pratos superando 1000 e fatores de separação na ordem de 7,0. Os valores negativos de 'delta'H e 'delta'S* indicam que a adsorção dos enantiômeros da fase móvel na fase estacionária é entalpicamente favorável. Experimentos a altas concentrações (condições de sobrecarga) foram realizados com a finalidade de determinar as isotermas não-lineares pelo método da análise frontal e também os perfis de eluição sob estas condições. As isotermas de adsorção apresentaram comportamento não-linear e o modelo de Langmuir foi bem correlacionado aos dados experimentais de equilíbrio no intervalo de concentração analisado. A partir da metodologia shortcut foram obtidos os parâmetros operacionais da unidade leito móvel simulado. As purezas alcançadas para as correntes de extrato e refinado foram 85,50% e 72,50%, respectivamente / Abstract: The chemical formula of secnidazole is 1-(hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. It acts activity against anaerobic microorganisms and is effective in the treatment of amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. It is marketed in the racemic form, that is, proportion 1:1 of their R and S-enantiomers. It's not officially recognized by any pharmacopoeia. Studies have reported that for some imidazoles the R-enantiomer has a higher biological activity than the S-enantiomer. For this reason the separation of secnidazole is important for comparative biological tests of side effects. It is in this context that this research was developed in order to study the enantiomeric resolution of drug secnidazole by the technique of high performance liquid chromatography using stationary phase column packed with amylose tris (3, 5- dimethylphenylcarbamate). Pulse experiments with dilute solutions were conducted by varying the mobile phase flow (1.0 to 2.5 mL/min) and temperature (20 to 35 °C). The results revealed high efficiency, with number of plates overcoming 1000 and selectivities in the order of 7.0. The negative values of 'delta'H and 'delta'S* indicates that the enantiomer adsorption from the mobile phase to stationary phase is enthalpically favorable. Experiments in overloaded conditions were realized to obtain the equilibrium adsorption isotherms by frontal analysis, as well overload elution profiles. The adsorption isotherms shown a nonlinear behavior and the Langmuir model was well correlated to equilibrium experimental data in the range of investigated concentration. From the shortcut method operating parameters were obtained to the simulated moving bed unit. The purities reached for the extract and raffinate lines were 85.50% and 72.50% , respectively / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestra em Engenharia Química

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_juliana_nunes_vieira.pdf: 749761 bytes, checksum: d10f921e3d83dd0cb845cc767149a9f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / The rapid development of resistance to gastrointestinal parasites anthelmintics has shown the limited efficiency of this method in the suppression of endoparasitoses in ruminants, and has furthered research in alternative control methods. The use of chemicals in animal anthelmintic treatment, in association with nematophagous fungi used for biological control, is a strategy that has proven to be effective in reducing the nematode population density of farm animals. This study aims to verify the in vitro susceptibility of the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces marquandii and Paecilomyces variotii against the antiparasitic drugs albendazole, thiabendazole, ivermectin (100%), levamisole (7.5%) and closantel (10%) by using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MICs ranged between 4 and 0,031µg/mL for albendazole, thiabendazole and ivermectin, between 0,937 and 0,117µg/mL for levamisole, and between 0,625 and 0,034 for closantel. The results obtained showed that all antiparasitic drugs tested had an in vitro inhibitory effect on nematophagous fungi, being able to jeopardize the fungus action as a biological control bioagent. / O rápido desenvolvimento de resistência de parasitos do trato gastrintestinal a antihelmínticos tem demonstrado limitada eficiência desse método para o controle de determinadas endoparasitoses em ruminantes, incentivado assim, pesquisas com métodos alternativos de controle parasitário. A utilização de compostos químicos no tratamento anti-helmíntico de animais, em associação com fungos nematófagos usados no controle biológico, é uma estratégia que vem se mostrando eficaz para a redução da densidade populacional de nematódeos nos animais de produção e pouco se sabe sobre seu emprego simultâneo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar, através da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), a suscetibilidade in vitro dos fungos nematófagos Arthrobotrys oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces marquandii e Paecilomyces variotii aos antiparasitários albendazol, tiabendazol e ivermectina (100%), levamisol (7,5%) e closantel (10%). As CIMs variaram de 4 a 0,031µg/mL para albendazol, tiabendazol e ivermectina, de 0,937 a 0,117µg/mL para o levamisol e de 0,625 a 0,039µg/mL para o closantel, dependendo do fungo testado. Os resultados mostram que todos os antiparasitários testados tiveram efeito inibitório in vitro sobre os fungos nematófagos, podendo comprometer suas ações como bioagentes de controle biológico.

Les maladies tropicales provoquées par des parasites protozoaires tels que Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum et Leishmania donovani, infectent des milliards d'individus dans le monde et en tuent des millions chaque année. Actuellement, les phénomènes de résistance face aux thérapies actuelles utilisées pour traiter ces maladies dites " négligées " deviennent inquiétants et problématiques. Par conséquent, la découverte de nouvelles classes de molécules bioactives antiparasitaires est primordiale.C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit ce travail de thèse. La cissampeloflavone est un dimère chalcone-flavone isolé en 2003 d’une plante vénézuélienne, Cissampelos pareira. Cette molécule a démontré une bonne activité contre T. brucei (CI50 = 1 µM). Par ailleurs, des études de modélisation moléculaire ont prédit que son dérivé 4-désoxycissampeloflavone possèderait une bonne affinité pour une enzyme essentielle à la survie du parasite. Pour ces raisons, nous avons entrepris la synthèse totale de ces deux molécules originales jamais réalisée à ce jour.Des analogues simplifiés ont d’abord été synthétisés afin de mettre au point le schéma réactionnel pour former la cissampeloflavone et la 4-désoxycissampeloflavone. Ces composés ont pour base commune le noyau benzofurane qui porte soit la " partie chalcone " soit la " partie flavone " de ces dimères. Les deux synthèses totales ont ensuite été entreprises.Ce travail de thèse a notamment permis la création d'une librairie d'analogues benzofuranes polysubstitués, la découverte d'une réaction de méthylénation originale et la formation de nouveaux dérivés furanoflavones. La plupart ont été évalués sur T. brucei, P. falciparum et L. donovani. Plusieurs d'entre eux ont présenté une activité trypanocide intéressante et prometteuse. / Tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites such as Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani, infect billions of people worldwide and kill millions of them every year. Nowadays, resistance phenomena against actual therapies used to treat these " neglected " diseases are becoming worring and problematic. Therefore, discovery of new classes of antiparasitic bioactive molecules is primordial.This is the aim of this PhD work. Cissampeloflavone is a chalcone-flavone dimer isolated in 2003 from a Venezuelan plant, Cissampelos pareira. This molecule has showed a good activity against Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 = 1 µM). Besides, molecular docking studies have predicted that its derivative 4-desoxycissampeloflavone would possess a good affinity for an essential enzyme for parasite survival. For these reasons, we undertook the total synthesis of these two original molecules never carried out to date.Simplified analogues have been prepared in order to elaborate a synthetic pathway to form cissampeloflavone and 4-desoxycissampeloflavone. These compounds possess the benzofuran ring as common core which bears either the "chalcone part" or the "flavone part" of these dimers. The total syntheses were then undertaken.This PhD work has particularly enabled the creation of a polysubstituted benzofuran library, the discovery of an original methylenation reaction and the formation of new furanoflavone derivatives. Most of them were evaluated on T. brucei, P. falciparum and L. donovani. Several compounds have showed an interesting and promising trypanocidal activity.

Cette thèse est développée en 3 chapitres. Le premier chapitre décrit un travail d’ethnopharmacologie dans deux communautés de métis de l’Amazonie péruvienne. Les résultats montrent un inventaire de 46 plantes regroupées en fonction de leurs utilisations et préparations traditionnelles. Les activités in vitro contre trois parasites (Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) et leur cytotoxicité sont rapportées. Parmi toutes ces plantes Grias neuberthii (Lecythidaceae) et Costus curvibracteatus (Costaceae) ont montré une forte activité antiparasitaire, associé à une forte cytotoxicité pour C. curvibracteatus.Le deuxième chapitre décrit l’exploration, par spectrométrie de masse (SM) dans un milieu biomimétique reproduisant la vacuole digestive de Plasmodium (VDP), des liaisons intermoléculaires formé entre l’hème et des ligands. Les résultats pour des ligands de la famille des méthoxyflavones suggèrent qu’il n’existe pas de relation positive entre la stabilité de la liaison à l’hème et l’activité biologique contre deux souches de P. falciparum (3D7 et W2). Une corrélation est suggérée entre la présence d’une substitution méthoxylé en R5 de la flavone, la liaison à l’hème et l’hydrophobicité (cLogP). Cette relation peut s’expliquer en partie par l’influence des liaisons hydrogène avec le du groupe carbonyle. Des analyses d’arrimage moléculaire ont été aussi développées dans le but de comprendre les forces électrostatiques impliquées dans cette liaison. Le même type d’étude a été appliquée à des sondes fluorescentes originales dérivées de l’artémisinine (ART). La stabilité évaluée par CID montre des similitudes de comportement vis-à-vis de l’hème entre une des sonde et l’ART. La stabilité de trois sondes en différentes conditions mimant la biologie de Plasmodium a été évaluée.Le troisième chapitre détaille le développement d’une méthode de biodéréplication d’extraits bruts, en utilisant la méthodologie de liaison à l’hème par SM. La plante Piper coruscans (Piperaceae) a été utilisée pour l’application. La visualisation des adduits formés par SM a été faite de manière rapide par l’intermédiaire de réseaux moléculaires L’isolement des produits ciblés a été faite avec la chromatographie de partage liquide et chromatographie liquide préparative en un ou deux étapes. Treize molécules ont été isolées dont dix produits déjà connus dans la littérature : six flavanones, trois chalcones, un alkylamide; une indanone isolée pour la première fois comme produit naturel, et deux produits naturels nouveaux : une kavalactone et un dérivé de l’acide cinnamique. Parmi toutes ces molécules, une chalcone valide l’activité biologique de la plante et montre une liaison intermédiaire avec l’hème. / This work is developed in 3 chapters. The first chapter describes an ethopharmacological work in two Mestizos communities from Peruvian Amazonia. Results include an inventory of 46 plants grouped according to their uses and traditional preparations. In vitro activities on three parasites (Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) and their cytotoxicity are reported. Among all these plants Grias neuberthii (Lecythidaceae) and Costus curvibracteatus (Costaceae) showed a strong antiparasitic activity, associated with a strong cytotoxicity for C. curvibracteatus.The second chapter describes the exploration by mass spectrometry (MS) in a biomimetic environment mimicking the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium (DVP), the intermolecular bond between heme and ligands. Results for methoxyflavones suggested that there is no positive relation between the stability of the heme adduct and the biological activity on two P. falciparum strains (3D7 and W2). A correlation was suggested between the presence of a methoxy substitution in R5 of the flavone, heme binding and hydrophobicity (cLogP). This relation could be partially explained by the influence of the carbonyl group on hydrogen bounding. Docking analyses were performed to understand the electrostatic forces involved in the binding. The same kind of study was applied on original fluorescent probes based on artemisinin skeleton (ART). Stability of the heme adduct with the probes, evaluated by CID, showed similarities with ART. Stability of three probes in different conditions mimicking Plasmodium biology were evaluated.The third chapter presents the development of a crude extract biodereplication method, using heme-binding methodology by MS. The plant Piper coruscans (Piperaceae) was selected for this application. MSMS adducts visualization was performed by molecular networking. Targeted products were isolated by centrifugal partition chromatography or preparative liquid chromatography, in one or two steps. Thirteen molecules were isolated, including ten already known products: six flavanones, three chalcones, one alkylamide, one indanone isolated for the first time like a natural product and two new coumpounds: one kavalactone and one cinnamic acid derivative. Among all these molecules, a chalcone validated the biological activity of the plant and showed an intermolecular bound with heme.

Les leishmanioses sont un ensemble de maladies causées par un parasite du genre Leishmania. L'augmentation des résistances aux traitements actuellement disponibles conduit à la nécessité de développer de nouvelles molécules antileishmaniennes. La GDP-MP, une enzyme indispensable à la virulence du parasite a été choisie comme cible thérapeutique. Dans la première partie de ce travail, des modèles de GDP-MP de L. donovani et de H. sapiens ont été construits par modélisation moléculaire en utilisant la construction par homologie de séquence puis la relaxation par dynamique moléculaire. La conception d'inhibiteurs assistée par l'évaluation par amarrage moléculaire de ces molécules a conduit à l'identification de nombreuses molécules potentiellement inhibitrices de la GDP-MP. Parmi ces molécules identifiées, certaines sont des analogues de GDP-Mannose présentant différents motifs de remplacement pour le pont pyrophosphate ainsi que pour la guanosine. Une autre classe de composés sont les analogues de GDP portant un motif bisphosphoré. Une étude méthodologique portant sur l'obtention de conjugués 1,4-triazoles par CuAAC sur des analogues de guanosine a été conduite, et a mis en évidence, l'efficacité de l'utilisation de nanoparticules de cuivre (I) formées in situ par réduction du sulfate de cuivre en solution aqueuse par de l'hydrate d'hydrazine pour la synthèse de ces composés. Cette méthode, en association avec la chimie des H-phosphonates, a permis, l'accès à une librairie de dérivés de GDP-Mannose. De cette manière, des analogues de guanosine et de quinoléines diversement substituées ont été synthétisés. Les composés obtenus ont été évalués sur les GDP-MP recombinantes ainsi que sur cultures de parasites. Certains des composés bisphosphonates présentent à la fois une bonne inhibition de la GDP-MP et une bonne activité antiparasitaire. Les expériences futures de cristallographie des protéines permettront d'élucider le mode de fixation de ces composés et d'orienter les pharmacomodulations futures des inhibiteurs identifiés. / Leishmaniasis is a set of disease caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania. The increased resistance to currently available treatments led to the need to develop new antileishmanial compounds. GDP-MP, an enzyme essential for the virulence of the parasite was chosen as a therapeutic target. In the first part of this work, GDP-MP models L. donovani and H. sapiens were constructed by molecular modeling using the method of sequence homology and molecular dynamics relaxation. The evaluation of inhibitors by molecular docking has led to the identification of many potential inhibitors of GDP-MP. Among these molecules identified, some are GDP-Mannose analogs having different substitution patterns for the pyrophosphate bridge and for guanosine. Another class of compounds is the analogues of GDP wearing bisphosphorus moiety. A methodological study for the synthesis of guanosine conjugated 1,4-triazoles analogs by CuAAC was conducted and showed the effectiveness of the use of copper nanoparticles (I), formed in situ by reduction of copper sulfate in aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate, for the synthesis of these compounds. This method in combination with the H-phosphonate chemistry, has allowed access to a library of derivatives of GDP-Mannose. In this way, guanosine analogs, and variously substituted quinolines were synthesized. The obtained compounds were evaluated on the recombinant GDP-MP as well as parasite cultures. Some bisphosphonate compounds have both a good inhibition of the GDP-MP and good antiparasitic activity. Future experiments of protein crystallography will elucidate the mode of binding of these compounds and will determine future pharmacomodulations on the identified inhibitors.