Behovet av bostäder på marknaden är fortsatt högt, med ett stort antal nya bostäder som behöver byggas varje år för att möta det uppskattade behovet under perioden 2023-2030. Trots detta har marknaden de senaste åren blivit mer avvaktande, och prognoser visar att bostadsbyggandet kommer att ligga under det nödvändiga behovet åtminstone de närmaste tre åren. I den statliga utredningen ‘SOU 2018:67 Ett snabbare bostadsbyggande’ lyfts strategier för hur byggrätter kan utnyttjas mer effektivt, samtidigt som det konstateras att det finns brister i uppföljningen av dessa. Bristerna i uppföljningen försvårar uppskattning av det exakta antalet men det konstateras att de förekommer outnyttjade byggrätter. Denna problematik har inspirerat till denna rapport, som undersöker möjligheten att adressera outnyttjade byggrätter. Syftet med rapporten är att utreda om det finns byggrätter för flerbostadshus som inte har tagits i anspråk och att identifiera de underliggande orsakerna till detta. Dessutom presenteras effektiva strategier och åtgärder för att förbättra utnyttjandet av byggrätter, samt en mer detaljerad undersökning av hur uppföljningen går till på kommunal nivå. Rapporten fokuserar på Stockholms län, specifikt kommunerna Stockholm, Huddinge, Nacka, Upplands Väsby, Lidingö, Nynäshamn, Salem, Upplands-Bro och Vaxholm. De fastställda frågeställningarna undersöks i en teoretisk del genom litteraturöversikt, en empirisk del genom kartläggning av outnyttjade byggrätter samt en kvalitativ del genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med kommuner, fastighetsbolag och konsulter. Resultaten av studien belyser förekomsten av outnyttjade byggrätter och de bakomliggande orsakerna. Litteraturöversikten och intervjuerna visar att outnyttjade byggrätter inte anses vara ett stort problem, trots det rapporterar 24 av 26 kommuner i Stockholms län i årets bostadsmarknadsenkät ett underskott på bostäder. Det kartlagda dataurvalet visar att många byggrätter är felaktigt taxerade, vissa har fortfarande en genomförandetid kvar, och i andra fall pågår produktion på plats. De främsta orsakerna till outnyttjade byggrätter inkluderar marknadsmässiga och ekonomiska faktorer som påverkar projektens lönsamhet, vilket resulterar i att byggandet fördröjs då projektkalkylerna inte går ihop. Enligt den statliga utredningen 'SOU 2020:75 Bygg och bo till lägre kostnad...' är byggbolag vinstdrivande och prioriterar byggrätter med bättre lönsamhetsmarginaler. Andra vanliga orsaker är infrastrukturutbyggnad och etappvis utbyggnad av detaljplaner. Slutligen presenteras strategier och åtgärder för att effektivisera användningen av byggrätter. En vanligt förekommande strategi är att införa viten i avtal för att försöka påskynda exploatören. Vidare konstateras det att uppföljningen är otillräcklig och att mer enhetliga definitioner och metoder behövs för att underlätta denna process. Bättre uppföljning hade i sin tur kunnat underlätta för kommunerna i deras långsiktiga planering, vilket är avgörande för beslut kring investeringar och för att möta framtida bostadsbehov. / The demand for housing in the market remains high, with a significant number of new homes needing to be built annually to meet the estimated needs for the period 2023-2030. Despite this, the market has become more hesitant in recent years, and forecasts indicate that housing construction will fall short of the necessary levels at least for the next three years. The governmental investigation 'SOU 2018:67 Ett snabbare bostadsbyggande' highlights strategies for more efficient utilization of building rights, while also noting deficiencies in the monitoring of these, making it difficult to accurately estimate the number of unused building rights. This issue has inspired this report, which examines the possibility of addressing unused building rights. The purpose of this report is to investigate whether there are building rights for apartment buildings that have not been utilized and to identify the reasons for this. Additionally, effective strategies and measures to improve the utilization of building rights are presented, along with a more detailed examination of how the follow-up process is conducted at the municipal level. The report focuses on Stockholm County, specifically the municipalities of Stockholm, Huddinge, Nacka, Upplands Väsby, Lidingö, Nynäshamn, Salem, Upplands-Bro, and Vaxholm. The established research questions are examined in a theoretical part through a literature review, an empirical part through the mapping of unused building rights, and a qualitative part through semi-structured interviews with municipalities, real estate companies, and consultants. The results of the study highlight the presence of unused building rights and the underlying causes. The literature review and interviews indicate that unused building rights are not considered a major problem, despite the fact that 24 out of 26 municipalities in Stockholm County report a housing shortage in this year's ‘housing market survey’. The mapped data selection shows that many building rights are incorrectly assessed, some still have an implementation period remaining, and in other cases, production is ongoing on site. The main reasons for unused building rights include market and economic factors that affect project profitability, resulting in construction delays as project calculations do not add up. According to the governmental investigation 'SOU 2020:75 Bygg och bo till lägre kostnad...', construction companies are profit-driven and prioritize building rights with better profit margins. Other common reasons are infrastructure development and the phased development of detailed plans. Finally, strategies and measures to optimize the use of building rights are presented. A common strategy is to introduce penalties in agreements to expedite the developer. Furthermore, it is noted that the follow-up is insufficient and that more uniform definitions and methods are needed to facilitate this process. Improved follow-up could, in turn, assist municipalities in their long-term planning, which is crucial for investment decisions and to meet future housing needs.

Bostadsbristen som rådde i Sverige efter andra världskriget löstes genom ett bostadsprojekt som kom att kallas miljonprogrammet. Bostäderna som byggdes höll vid den tiden en hög standard invändigt medan utemiljön ofta bortprioriterades. Idag råder det än en gång ett stort behov av bostäder i Sverige, dock bör inte problemet lösas med samma metod som under miljonprogrammet. Syftet med arbetet är att ta fram ett förslag på hur ett område i ett mindre samhälle kan gestaltas. Målet är att besvara arbetets två frågeställningar som ska utreda hur en nybebyggelse på en tomt intill ett miljonprogramsområde skulle kunna utformas med hänsyn till platsens förutsättningar, omkringliggande bebyggelse samt upplevd trygghet och trivsel. Den metod som användes för studien är kvalitativa intervjuer, litteraturstudier och skissarbete. Ett förslag av flerbostadshus och en situationsplan för en tomt på en mindre ort har utformats med avseende på trivsel, trygghet och anpassning till kringliggande bebyggelse. Undersökningarna resulterade i åsikter kring vad som skulle prioriteras vid utformning av bostäder på tomten, men även vilka kvalitéer som önskades för övrigt i området. Dessa analyserades och kopplades till den teoretiska bakgrunden. Det analyserade resultatet applicerades sedan i studiens förslag. Studien resulterade i ett förslag som mottogs väl av beställaren, som förhoppningsvis kommer inspireras till vidare arbete med tomten.   Nyckelord: utformningsförslag, moderna planlösningar, situationsplan, flerbostadshus, nybyggnation, miljonprogrammet, trygghet, trivsel, visualisering, byggnadsutformning, bostadsanpassning, trygg miljö, bostäder, bygglovshandlingar, utemiljö. / The housing shortage from which occurred in Sweden after the second world war was solved through a housing project that later became known as The Million Homes Programme (miljonprogrammet). The houses were built with high standards according to the contemporary indoor standards, while the outside environment was often somewhat dull and non-prioritized. At this moment, Sweden is facing a similar type of housing shortage, a problem that should not be solved with the same methods used during The Million Homes Programme. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a suggestion of a building design and a site layout plan in a small town, in collaboration with a Swedish municipality in Kronoberg county. The goal is to explore the different possibilities of how an estate owned by the municipality of Uppvidinge could be designed with multi-family houses which pays respect to safety and comfort and also is adapted to the surrounding built environment. The surrounding built environment consists of multi-family houses from The Million Homes Programme and one-family villas. The methods used for this thesis are pointed interviews, studies of prior published research and computer aided drawing. A suggestion of a building design accompanied with a site layout plan is presented in the report. The building design and the site layout plan pays respect to safety besides comfort and is also adapted to the surrounding built environment. The completed studies resulted in opinions about what should be a priority when designing multi-family houses on the site, but also what kind of qualities that were desired in the surrounding area. These results were analyzed and thence linked to the theoretical background. The analyzed result was thereafter applied in a suggestion. The study resulted in a suggestion that was well received by the client, which hopefully will be inspired for further work on site.   Key words: design plans, modern planning arrangement, site plan, apartment building, new housing estate, the million homes programme, safety, comfort, visualization, building design, housing adaptation, safe environment, residences, building permit documents, outdoor environment.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to process a building construction project for the apartment building “Za Pivovarem” in Lázně Bohdaneč. The building is designed as a four-floor object which has a flat roof, 24 apartments, 24 cellars, 10 garage stalls, 3 terraces that belong to the apartments on the 1st floor and enclosed balconies or balconies for the apartments in the above floors. The thesis focuses on the organization and preparation of the construction process. It contains a technological project for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete floors, which includes also drawings of formwork, a technical-economic balance sheet of the formwork costs and a calculation of the time for formwork removal, a technological project for anhydrite floors and inspection and test plans for both of the above mentioned building procedures, which are dealt with in a more detailed way. The implementation of other construction procedures is described in the preliminary design of implementation. Concerning the work safety, the plan of health and safety at work, focusing on work at heights and other dangers connected to work on the floor constructions, has been processed. Furthermore, there is a time and finance schedule for the whole construction, a construction site project, a set of main machines and mechanisms which includes a comparison of a mobile crane and a tower crane. In addition, broader transport relations have been assessed. The thesis also contains an instruction manual on the main object.

The theme of this diploma thesis is fittings of heating systems and it is divided into three parts. The first part deals with this topic on theoretical level. In the second part, there is a calculations and drawings that deals with heating and water heating of the apartment building in Uherské Hradiště. This part is solved in two variants concerning hydraulic balancing and regulation of the heating system. The last part of the thesis is an experimental solution and processing of pressure loss results of selected valves. These results are compared with the values reported by the manufactures of the valve.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the building construction project of Residence Dlouha in Olomouc. It is an apartment building with two to four floors and a basement with garages. The diploma thesis contains a time and finance schedule, a site equipment project and technological procedure of a cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor and a green roof including a quality control. Moreover, a set of machines, usage options of a tower crane or a mobile crane and usage options of a mobile pump or a concrete container have been processed for this building. During the building process it is cared about work safety and environment protection.

The diploma thesis deals with construction and technological preparation of apartment buildings in „Nad Městěm“ locality in Nové Město na Moravě. The buildings have four above-ground floors and one underground floor with garages. This work contains a technical report of a construction project, a coordination situation with broader transport routes, a time and financial plan, a study of the implementation of the main technological stages, a project of the building site, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms, the cross building budget, the technological regulations, the control and test plans and specialized assignment of the noise study.

The subject of the diploma thesis is “Rehabilitation of the historical center and the surrounding neighborhoods in Kyjov with main focus on public space”. Urbanistic solution covers an area in close distance from the Masaryk Square, where the effort is to offer housing in the newly designed residential district. Diploma thesis also contains a design for completion and increase of capacity of the social services complex which is adjacent to the park by Saint Josef Chapel. This park is a part of the urbanistic design as well. The studied area is bordered by the streets of Újezd, Dobrovského, Dvořákova, Klvaňova, Brandlova and Palackého třída. Although Kyjov is situated mostly on plains the studied area is in a hilly and disunited part of the city. Buildings in this area are rather low-rise and mainly used for housing purposes. The design is focused on offering varied housing, which relates to the existing buildings and develops unused public space. Scope of this diploma thesis also contains a vision for the year 2070. The vision focuses on an area currently with high-rise blocks of flats. This area is adjacent to the newly designed residential district.

The diploma thesis related to rehabilitation of the historical inside and adjacent neighborhood Kyjov deals with the analysis of the actual state of the city, the evaluation of its problems and potential and the subsequent design of the urbanistic, transport and functional solution. The goal of the thesis is to create better life conditions and thus to attract more new inhabitants to the city. Building new apartment buildings, leisure centers and coworking centers could help to achieve the goal. Designing of new public spaces, which offer plenty of meeting and relaxing places makes the life more quality. The new form of the city is designed with an emphasis on urbanistic contemporary approaches and views, and related to the view of the city as a safe place for pedestrians.

The diploma thesis deals with the building - technological project of the apartment house in Brno - Slatina, Lučiny. The purpose will be an optimal design of construction progress with regard to finance and time. For this phase were processed the site equipment with the design of the lifting strap, the transport routes and the machine assembly. In addition, an item budget, which was followed by a detailed schedule. Based on these documents was created a balance of machines and workers. For monolithic constructions were developed a technological regulation and a control and test plan. Furthermore, the calculation of the decanting time and the design of the formwork turnover, supplemented by its drawing. In the diploma thesis is elaborated a plan for safety and health protection in the workplace and selected design details.

The subject of this diploma thesis is a construction technology project of a residential building in Frýdek. It is a residential building with four floors and a basement situated in Frýdek – Místek. The content of the preparation of technical reports for the construction and technological project studies and implementation of major technological stages. Creating a time and financial plan for a solved object. Further elaboration of technological regulations for drilled piles and reinforced concrete ceiling structure. A control and test plan is also being developed for these constructions. There is also a project site facility design and a machine assembly and a main lifting mechanism along with the occupational safety and health solution. In addition, the construction site is solved in connection with the transport routes. The thesis is designed with respect to the economic and time aspect.