A presente dissertação de mestrado propõe-se a analisar o processo de criação da primeira e única edição da Bienal Latino-Americana de São Paulo, que teve como título-tema Mitos e Magia, realizada no período de 3 de novembro a 17 de dezembro de 1978, na cidade de São Paulo. Os registros remanescentes, deste acontecimento, testemunham a importância do encontro entre críticos de arte, artistas e intelectuais das humanidades em debate sobre as questões polêmicas relativas às identidades culturais da América Latina, na sua produção artística contemporânea. O centro dessa discussão girou em torno do tema, sua expansão e seus limites. Observou a regulamentação da mostra e a análise do processo da I Bienal Latinoamericana de São Paulo, trouxe à luz a falta de um ideário capaz de abranger o universo plural das nossas culturas. / The remaining records of this event attest to the importance of this meeting among art critics, artists and intellectuals of humanities who debated about controversial issues related to cultural identities in Latin America, in its contemporary production. The focus of their discussion was the Biennials theme, its expansion and limits. The regulation of the display and the development of the process of the I São Paulo Latin American Biennial were analyzed in this research. It also raises issues concerning the lack of a body of ideas that comprises the plural universe of the Latin American continent.

Função-historiador é o termo apresentado nesta tese como proposta teórica de uma nova relação entre artes visuais e conflitos políticos no cenário artístico contemporâneo, para a qual a prática artística de Walid Raad sobre as guerras civis libanesas ocorridas entre 1975 e 1990, concentrada no Projeto Grupo Atlas (1989-2004), é fundamental. Observando a reunião de dossiês, documentos, arquivo, textos e conferências performáticas que formam esse extenso, complexo e multifacetado trabalho, a tese propõe similaridades entre os materiais, estruturas e procedimentos que o constituem e os recursos utilizados pelo campo da história na construção de suas narrativas. O argumento é que por meio dessas aproximações pode-se identificar interações entre artes visuais contemporâneas e conflitos políticos que se elaboram pela via de um interesse, inteligência e ambição históricos. Mais especificamente, reconhecemos que por meio da semelhança dos recursos plásticos, o Projeto Grupo Atlas apresenta, no campo das artes, formas de compor/contar histórias sobre guerras civis libanesas. Nisto, essa prática artística distingui-se das preocupações habituais em relação à discursos de memória e os limites de representação da experiência de violência, tão presentes em trabalhos centrados neste recorte temático específico. Sua aproximação com a história tem por fundamento uma cisão entre um sujeito-artista Raad e uma posição-de-autoria artística que funda o trabalho de arte, evitando-se que uma experiência de conflito do artista seja tomada como ferramenta explicativa de sua prática. A função-historiador, enquanto atividade, é reconhecida no nível das produções artísticas, na junção de uma série de elementos, discutidos nesta tese, por meio dos quais identificamos uma autoridade artística no Projeto Grupo Atlas que propõe formas de compor/contar histórias sobre conflitos políticos recentes, ao mesmo tempo em que, por meio delas, formula críticas aos métodos de composição de narrativas históricas. / Function-historian is the term presented in this thesis as a theoretical proposal of a new relationship between visual arts and political conflicts in the contemporary artistic scene, to which Walid Raad\'s artistic practice on the Lebanese civil wars between 1975 and 1990, concentrated in the The Atlas Group Project (1989-2004) is fundamental. The thesis proposes similarities between the materials, structures and procedures that constitute it and the resources used by the field of history in the construction of its narratives. The argument is that through these approaches we can identify interactions between contemporary visual arts and political conflicts that are elaborated through historical interest, intelligence and ambition. More specifically, we recognize that through the resemblance of plastic resources, he Atlas Group Project presents, in the field of the arts, ways of compose/tell stories about Lebanese civil wars. In this, this artistic practice distinguishes itself from the habitual preoccupations with the discourses of memory and the limits of representation of the experience of violence, so present in works centered in this specific thematic cut. His approach to history is based on a split between an artist-subject Raad and an artistic position of authorship that ground the work of art, avoiding that an experience of conflict of the artist is taken as an explanatory tool of his practice. The function-historian, as an activity, is recognized at the level of artistic productions, at the junction of a series of elements, discussed in this thesis, through which we identify an artistic authority in the Atlas Group Project that proposes ways of composing/ telling stories about recent political conflicts events, while at the same time criticizing the methods of composing historical narratives.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernando Ferreira da Silva - 2018.pdf: 1654717 bytes, checksum: 74fc34f20a97fdb6cf5ee975cc6b9c3d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis proposes to investigate the aesthetic-philosophical programme developed by Walter Benjamin for the critique of art as outlined in his writings as a youth. The first part of this itinerary consists of the philosopher's doctoral dissertation entitled The Concept of Art Criticism in German Romanticism (Der Begriff der Kunstkritik in der deutschen Romantik). In this work, written between the years 1917 and 1919 and published in 1920, Benjamin reconstructs the concept of art criticism in the German first-romanticism [Frühromantik], according to the art theory of Friedrich Schlegel and Novalis. Although conceived as an analysis of romantic theory, the philosopher’s understanding in the context of his doctoral dissertation approximates the romantic assumptions of his own theoretical positioning, especially with regard to the requirement of objectivity in the task of artwork’s interpretation. At a later point in the essay Goethe's Elective Affinities [Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften], written during 1921 and 1922 and published in two parts in the years 1924 and 1925, Benjamin presents his own conceptual apparatus for the determination of that task, delineating more fully his conception of criticism. This essay is even defined as a philosophical critique of Goethe's novel The Elective Affinities, and thus his theory of art criticism is developed in parallel with the examination of the novel’s elements. Finally, his postdoctoral major academic work (Habilitation), Origin of the German Tragic Drama (Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiels), written between 1916 and 1925 and published in 1928, presents in its preface a methodology of philosophical investigation directed to the representation (Darstellung) of the truth. As we shall try to show throughout this thesis, Benjamin's procedure for art criticism is characterized by a dialectical movement in which the interpreter delves deeper into the artistic object’s materiality, oscillating between its apparent beauty and its essential truth. Thus, Benjamin's conception of art criticism articulates, on a metaphysical plane, the ideas of truth and beauty, as well as determining the understanding of works of art through their historicity. / A presente dissertação propõe investigar o programa estético-filosófico desenvolvido por Walter Benjamin para a crítica de arte, conforme delineado em seus escritos de juventude. O primeiro momento deste percurso consiste na dissertação de doutoramento do filósofo, intitulada O conceito de crítica de arte no romantismo alemão [Der Begriff der Kunstkritik in der deutschen Romantik]. Nesta obra, escrita entre os anos de 1917 e 1919 e publicada em 1920, Benjamin reconstrói o conceito de crítica de arte do primeiro-romantismo [Frühromantik] alemão, segundo a teoria da arte de Friedrich Schlegel e Novalis. Embora concebido como uma análise da teoria romântica, a leitura efetuada pelo filósofo em sua dissertação de doutoramento aproxima os pressupostos românticos de seu próprio posicionamento teórico, especialmente no que se refere à exigência de objetividade no ofício de interpretação das obras de arte. Num momento posterior, no ensaio As afinidades eletivas de Goethe [Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften], escrito entre 1921 e 1922 e publicado em duas partes nos anos de 1924 e 1925, Benjamin apresenta seu próprio aparato conceitual para a determinação da tarefa de interpretação das obras de arte, delineando de modo mais completo sua concepção de crítica. Este ensaio define-se, inclusive, como uma crítica filosófica ao romance de Goethe, As afinidades eletivas, de modo que sua teoria da crítica de arte é desenvolvida em paralelo com o exame dos elementos do romance. Por fim, a tese de livredocência Origem do drama barroco alemão [Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiels], elaborada entre 1916 e 1925 e publicada em 1928, traz em seu prefácio uma metodologia de investigação filosófica voltada para a apresentação da verdade. Como procuraremos mostrar ao longo deste trabalho, o procedimento atribuído por Benjamin à crítica de arte caracteriza-se por um movimento dialético, no qual o intérprete aprofunda-se na materialidade do objeto artístico, oscilando entre sua beleza aparente e sua verdade essencial. Desse modo, a concepção de crítica de arte do jovem Benjamin articula, num plano metafísico, as ideias de verdade e beleza, bem como determina a compreensão das obras de arte através de sua historicidade.

La Restauration est une période charnière pour la critique d'art en France. La législation de la presse se libéralise et le nombre de périodiques augmente considérablement. La création artistique elle-même connaît des transformations importantes : la remise en question de la hiérarchie des genres, le questionnement de l'imitation, l'affirmation de la sensibilité romantique, l'évolution du statut de l'artiste, etc. Ce travail propose une étude des critiques, de leurs pratiques d'écriture ainsi que des grands débats esthétiques du moment. Il repose sur un corpus renouvelé d'articles publiés sur les beaux-arts dans la presse parisienne de l'époque, englobant les comptes rendus des Salons mais également toutes les autres actualités artistiques (concours académiques, inaugurations de monuments, articles généraux sur les arts, etc.). La réflexion qui s'articule en trois temps a pour but de mettre en relief les principaux enjeux de la critique de cette période. L'étude de l'intertextualité des critiques mais aussi celle des débats du moment (les sujets et les sources d'inspiration à privilégier, le romantisme, la tension entre talent individuel et école française) permettent de tracer les différentes conceptions artistiques des critiques qui coexistent. Les débats politiques intenses de cette période ne sont pas sans effet sur les textes critiques, qui possèdent parfois une forte résonance idéologique. Enfin, le critique s'affirme comme une voix nécessaire et comme un régulateur du monde artistique, exigeant un droit de regard sur la politique artistique et plus largement sur toutes les initiatives visant à promouvoir les arts et les artistes. / The Restoration is a pivotal period for art criticism in France. Press Jaws are loosened and the number of periodicals raises significantly. The artistic practice itself faces profound changes: the progressive questioning of the hierarchy of pictorial genres and of imitation theory, the assertion of a romantic sensitivity and the evolution of the status of artists in society, etc. This thesis proposes a study of the critics, theirs writing practices and the most important artistic and aesthetic debates of the time. It draws upon a renewed corpus of articles on the fine arts published in the Parisian press of this period, taking into account not only Salons reviews but also other artistic events such as academic competitions, inaugurations of monuments, general articles on fine arts, etc. Following a tripartite structure, this study aims to put into perspective the major concerns of the criticism of the Restoration period. The study of the intertextuality of the critical texts as well as the main debates (prevalent subjects and sources of inspiration, romanticism, the tension between individual talent and French school) allows us to map the critics' various coexisting artistic concepts. The intense political debates of the time also have an impact on art criticism, and at times ideological motivations resonate strongly in the articles. Finally, the critics assert themselves as a necessary voice and as a regulator of the art world, claiming the right to judge not only the government's artistic policy but more generally ail the initiatives intended to promote arts and artists.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier le discours de la revue grecque d’art Zygos (« Balance ») et son rôle dans la réception et la promotion de mouvements artistiques et dans la diffusion de courants idéologiques en Grèce. L’étude des textes de Zygos révèle l’opposition « grécité – modernisme » comme thème central du discours de la revue. Notre conclusion principale est que Zygos a manifesté un engagement mesuré dans la modernité, en réconciliant le modernisme avec le désir de particularité grecque. Nous constatons la présence d’un discours sur l’art moderne conçu comme une évolution de Cézanne à l’art abstrait, à travers le cubisme. Cependant, cette revue est aussi le lieu d’un discours dont les points saillants sont la mesure, l’humanisme et les affinités entre l’« esprit français » et l’« esprit grec ». Plusieurs auteurs de Zygos défendent la nécessité d’un chemin intermédiaire pour l’art entre imitation fidèle et rupture complète avec la nature. / The object of this thesis is to study the discourse of the Greek art journal Zygos (“Balance”) and its role in the reception and promotion of art mouvements and ideological currents in Greece. The study of Zygos texts reveals the opposition “greekness – modernism” as the main theme of this journal’s discourse. Our main conclusion is that Zygos showed a moderate promotion of modernity, reconciliating modernism with a desire of a Greek particularity. We note the presence of a discourse on modern art conceived as an evolution from Cézanne to abstract art, through cubism. However, this review also expresses a discourse whose main points are measure, humanism and the affinities between the “French spirit” and the “Greek spirit”. Several authors of Zygos defend the necessity of an intermediate way for art between faithful imitation of nature and complete rupture with it.

Jenny Holzer's text-based projects have attracted the attention of critics, historians, and curators from Des Moines to Dresden. An understanding of the complex interplay between language, gender, power, and site within Holzer's work demonstrates how a singular interpretive approach is insufficient for discussing the multitude of meanings her projects produce. Perhaps most significantly, a fresh analysis of Holzer's work and critical reactions to it challenges the story of modernism and postmodernism and the relationship between these two terms.

<p>This dissertation investigates how non-academic agents (i.e. artists, curators, and institutions) helped construct the current canon of Latin American art. It takes as case studies key exhibitions held in Brazil in order to examine how the central concepts of anthropophagy, geometric abstraction, and the political came to characterize the art of the region. Drawing on extensive archival research and interviews, this work traces a local genealogy, thus offering a different starting point for understanding the Latin American art canon that has been recently institutionalized in such places as the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York as part of the global turn in art history.</p><p>Citing their different language and colonial history, Brazilian artists and critics have tended to view their art production as distinct from that of the rest of the continent. This dissertation, by contrast, recognizes Brazil as a fundamental player in the shaping of both a Latin American cultural identity and an expanded notion of the Americas. This expansion of Latin American art influences how artists represent themselves and how such production is actively being inserted into collections around the world.</p> / Dissertation

M. Tech. Fine Arts / The research aim of the study was to investigate the way that Nandipha Mntambo and Mary Sibande have used the female form in their art to undermine harmful representations/myths of women from a third wave feminist and a post-colonial perspective, using semiotics. Semiotics can be used to establish how meaning is made and reality represented in signs. The impact of signs, codes, myths and ideology of society on the embodiment of the female was investigated using semiotics. Third wave feminism theories can be applied in the analysis of the artworks such as Butler's gender construction and Crash and Pruzinsky's viewpoint on the harmful and stereotypical assumptions about women in visual culture. The post-feminist viewpoints as discussed by Jones about women being portrayed either as housewives and mothers or as sex and consumer objects in visual media were highlighted. Post-colonial perspectives such as the dominant ideology of the colonial period fostering the creation of interrelated, socially constructed, controlling images of black womanhood were discussed. Racial and gender discrimination affected most black women in colonial times. Through the semiotic analysis of Nandipha Mntambo and Mary Sibande, as well as the author's own artwork, an examination of the ideology of patriarchy as well as the ideology of colonialism could be identified. The artists express pride in their heritage and traditions. The ideology of consumerism and the myth of beauty are subverted by the artists in their artwork. The myth of the maid can be observed in the artworks of Sibande and the author. All the artists subvert stereotypical representations of women in society.

<p>This dissertation analyzes experimental art movements in Hungary and the former Yugoslavia from 1968 to 1989, examining the variety of ways that artists responded to the ideological and practical failures of communism. I also deliberate on how artists, living in the specter of Marxist ideology, negotiated socio-political and cultural systems dominated by the state; how they undermined the moral consciousness that state socialism imposed from above; and how they created alternative ways of being in an era that had promised the opening of society and art but that failed that pledge. I suggest that some artists increasingly questioned the state's hegemony in everyday relationships, language, and symbols, and attempted to neutralize self-censorship and gain sovereignty over their own bodies and minds through "decision as art." The dissertation approaches authoritarian domination within the context of the artists' aesthetic choices, especially the development of conceptual and performance art as a mode of opposition. Deliberating on the notion of decision as central to the conceptualization and execution of resistance to the state, I focus on the alternative ways in which Yugoslavian and Hungarian artists made art in variegated forms and modes of ethical commitment. I argue that such art must be understood as an active decision to live in and through art while enduring political circumstance.</p> / Dissertation

Lithuanian Commercial Graphic Design of the 1920's and 1930's The subject of this research study – examples of Lithuanian commercial graphic design from the 1920s and 30s gathered from museums and private collections. For my Bachelor’s thesis I gathered and provided structure to periodical advertisements from the 20s and 30s and attempted to illustrate how the Lithuanian public modernization process was reflected in the ever-changing mirror of advertising. My Master’s thesis presents a wider profile of applied graphic material in Lithuania during the interwar period – advertisements, packing, labels, commercial posters, letterhead, logos. In this thesis I attempted to discuss the conditions for creating and developing graphic design in Lithuania and named artists and their works that have the most experience in this field. The first part gives an outline focusing on the economic and cultural aspects of interwar period living conditions in Lithuania: development of the interwar period society, city growth, industrial development, cultural environment of the eras. The growing need for applied graphic art works is discussed throughout. People who commissioned most of the commercial graphic artwork during the 20s and 30s are also named in the thesis. The situation for educating applied graphic artist in Lithuania and the effect that their studies abroad have on the evolution of applied graphic art are considered as well. The second part gives examples of commercial graphic... [to full text]