Modern turbomachinery design is characterized by a tendency towards thinner, lighter and highly loaded blades, which in turn gives rise to increased sensitivity to flow induced vibration such as flutter. Flutter is a self-excited and self-sustained instability phenomenon that may lead to structural failure due to High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) or material overload. In order to be able to predict potential flutter situations, it is necessary to accurately assess the unsteady aerodynamics during flutter and to understand the physics behind its driving mechanisms. Current numerical tools used for predicting unsteady aerodynamics of vibrating turbomachinery components are capable of modeling the flow field at high level of detail, but may fail in predicting the correct unsteady aerodynamics under certain conditions. Continuous validation of numerical models against experimental data therefore plays significant role in improving the prediction accuracy and reliability of the models.   In flutter investigations, it is common to consider aerodynamically symmetric (tuned) setups. Due to manufacturing tolerances, assembly inaccuracies as well as in-service wear, the aerodynamic properties in a blade row may become asymmetric. Such asymmetries can be observed both in terms of steady as well as unsteady aerodynamic properties, and it is of great interest to understand the effects this may have on the aeroelastic stability of the system.   Under certain conditions vibratory modes of realistic blade profiles tend to be coupled i.e. the contents of a given mode of vibration include displacements perpendicular and parallel to the chord as well as torsion of the profile. Current design trends for compressor blades that are resulting in low aspect ratio blades potentially reduce the frequency spacing between certain modes (i.e. 2F &amp; 1T). Combined modes are also likely to occur in case of the vibration of a bladed disk with a comparatively soft disk and rigid blades or due to tying blades together in sectors (e.g. in turbines).   The present investigation focuses on two areas that are of importance for improving the understanding of aeroelastic behavior of oscillating blade rows. Firstly, aeroelastic properties of combined mode shapes in an oscillating Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade were studied and validity of the mode superposition principle was assessed. Secondly, the effects of aerodynamic mistuning on the aeroelastic properties of the cascade were addressed. The aerodynamic mistuning considered here is caused by blade-to-blade stagger angle variations   The work has been carried out as compound experimental and numerical investigation, where numerical results are validated against test data. On the experimental side a test facility comprising an annular sector of seven free-standing LPT blades is used. The aeroelastic response phenomena were studied in the influence coefficient domain where one of the blades is made to oscillate in three-dimensional pure or combined modes, while the unsteady blade surface pressure is acquired on the oscillating blade itself and on the non-oscillating neighbor blades. On the numerical side, a series of numerical simulations were carried out using a commercial CFD code on a full-scale time-marching 3D viscous model. In accordance with the experimental part the simulations are performed using the influence coefficient approach, with only one blade oscillating.   The results of combined modes studies suggest the validity of combining the aeroelastic properties of two modes over the investigated range of operating parameters. Quality parameters, indicating differences in mean absolute and imaginary values of the unsteady response between combined mode data and superposed data, feature values that are well below measurement accuracy of the setup.   The findings of aerodynamic mistuning investigations indicate that the effect of de-staggering a single blade on steady aerodynamics in the cascade seem to be predominantly an effect of the change in passage throat. The changes in steady aerodynamics are thereby observed on the unsteady aerodynamics where distinctive effects on flow velocity lead to changes in the local unsteady pressure coefficients. In order to assess the overall aeroelastic stability of a randomly mistuned blade row, a Reduced Order Model (ROM) model is introduced, allowing for probabilistic analyses. From the analyses, an effect of destabilization due to aero-asymmetries was observed. However the observed effect was of moderate magnitude. / <p>QC 20130610</p> / Turbokraft

Le phénomène de Clignement Attentionnel (Attentional Blink, AB), fait référence à une diminution transitoire du rapport exact d’une deuxième cible (C2) si celle-ci est présentée trop tôt après une première cible (C1) lors d’une présentation visuelle sérielle rapide (rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP), et ce, quand les deux cibles doivent être rapportées. Cette étude a examiné l’existence possible d’asymétries hémisphèriques dans le traitement attentionnel ainsi que l’éventualité que la présentation de cibles à deux hémisphères différents puisse diminuer le AB chez des participants neurologiquement sains et l’abolir dans le cas d’un patient callosotomisé. Pour ce faire, nous avons employé un paradigme modifié du AB dans lequel les cibles pouvaient apparaître dans n’importe quelle de quatre RSVP, une dans chaque quadrant du champ visuel, pour permettre des essais dans lesquels les deux cibles puissent être présentées au même hémisphère et d’autres où chaque cible était présentée à un hémisphère différent. Bien que nous n’ayons trouvé aucune diminution de l’effet AB lors de présentation inter-hémisphérique, dans les deux populations à l’étude, le taux de bonnes réponses globales à la deuxième cible était plus élevé quand les cibles étaient présentées à des hémisphères différents. Nous avons également trouvé un avantage de l’hémisphère gauche chez le patient callosotomisé. / The Attentional Blink (AB) refers to a transient impairment in the accurate report of a second target (T2) if it closely follows the presentation of a first target (T1) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), when both targets must be reported. This study investigated both the possibility of hemispheric asymmetries of attentional processes as well as the possibility that presenting targets to different hemispheres could diminish the AB in neurologically intact participants and abolish it in the case of a split-brain patient. To do so, a modified AB paradigm was used in which targets could appear in any of four simultaneous RSVP streams, one in each quadrant of the visual field, so as to have trials in which both targets were presented to the same hemispheres and trials in which targets were presented to different hemispheres. Although no evidence of a diminished AB was observed by presenting targets to separate hemispheres, in both neurologically intact individuals and the split-brain patient, overall accuracy was higher when targets were presented to separate hemispheres. A left hemisphere advantage was only observed in the split-brain patient.

A crescente globalização financeira e integração desses mercados resultaram em relações cada vez mais próximas entre os países, sejam eles desenvolvidos ou emergentes. Esses fenômenos, somados às crises financeiras recentes, provocaram maior interesse nos eventos de transmissão de volatilidade e de fluxos de informações entre os mercados financeiros. Dentre elas, destaca-se a crise financeira internacional de 2008, conhecida como \"crise do subprime\", considerada a maior e mais importante desde a Grande Depressão de 1929. Neste contexto, o mercado de recibos americanos de depósito (ADRs) apresentou uma importância crescente nas últimas décadas, especialmente para companhias sediadas em países emergentes, como os da América Latina. Essa região, particularmente, exibiu uma grande expansão neste mercado. De maneira geral, as empresas de países emergentes emissoras de ADRs possuem características mais similares às companhias sediadas nos mercados desenvolvidos, comparadas às demais de seu país de origem. Por isso, como objetivo geral deste estudo, buscou-se detectar e mensurar o fenômeno da interdependência, englobando os transbordamentos (spillovers) de retornos e de volatilidade e suas assimetrias, entre os principais mercados de capitais da América Latina - Brasil, Argentina, Chile e México - e dos países desenvolvidos - Estados Unidos, Japão, Reino Unido e França - no âmbito da última crise financeira internacional. Esse fenômeno foi investigado considerando tanto seus índices acionários de mercado, como os índices de ADRs criados neste estudo, um para cada mercado da América Latina. Estes foram compostos pelas cotações de seus respectivos ADRs níveis 2 ou 3, sendo que a metodologia desenvolvida para sua criação foi uma das contribuições deste trabalho. A partir das séries temporais de retornos diários logarítmicos dos índices dos oito países no período de junho de 2008 a maio de 2015, foi empregada uma metodologia abrangente. Foram aplicadas três abordagens univariadas para modelagem das volatilidades dos mercados (GARCH, EGARCH e TARCH) e dois modelos multivariados assimétricos VAR-MGARCH, com representação Diagonal VECH, para identificação dos transbordamentos de retornos e volatilidade, bem como a análise de suas correlações condicionais. Além disso, foram estimados dois modelos autorregressivos multivariados (VAR) para análise das relações conjuntas dos mercados, e a análise das Funções de Resposta a Impulso (IRF) e dos efeitos sobre a variância por meio de sua decomposição. Os resultados indicaram que as séries de retornos dos mercados de ADRs de empresas latino-americanas não apresentam comportamento mais similar, no tocante à volatilidade, ao dos principais mercados de capitais desenvolvidos. No entanto, há evidências de que os índices de ADRs possuem maior interdependência com os principais mercados de capitais desenvolvidos, por apresentarem relações mais próximas com esses, comparados aos mercados acionários latino-americanos analisados. Essa conclusão corrobora as hipóteses elaboradas sobre esse tema a partir da teoria de segmentação de mercado e das próprias características dessas companhias. Outro resultado relevante foi que os mercados emergentes da América Latina são mais suscetíveis a efeitos locais e regionais que globais, confirmando o benefício do uso dos ativos financeiros desses países para diversificação de carteiras internacionais, mesmo durante uma crise financeira internacional, como a do subprime. / The growing financial globalization and integration of this markets resulted in increasingly close links between the countries, both developed and emerging ones. These phenomena, added to the recent financial crises, provoked greater interest in the events of volatility and information flows transmission between the financial markets. Among them, stands out the international financial crisis of 2008, known as the \"subprime crisis\", considered the largest and most important since the Great Depression of 1929. In this context, the American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) market showed an increasing importance in recent decades, especially for companies based in emerging markets, such as the Latin America. This region, particularly, exhibited a large expansion in this market. In general, companies in emerging countries issuers of ADRs have more similar characteristics to companies based in developed markets, compared to the rest of their country of origin. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to detect and measure the interdependence phenomenon, encompassing returns and volatility spillovers and their asymmetries, among the major capital markets in Latin America - Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Mexico - and developed countries - United States, Japan, UK and France - within the last international financial crisis. This phenomenon was investigated considering both their stock market indices and the ADRs indices created in this study, one for each Latin America country. They were compound of the quotes from their respective ADRs levels 2 or 3, and the methodology developed for their creation was one of the contributions of this assignment. Using the time series of daily logarithmic returns of the eight countries indices in the period from June 2008 to May 2015, it was applied an embracing methodology. It was estimated three univariate approaches to modeling the markets volatility (GARCH, EGARCH and TARCH) and two asymmetric multivariate models VAR-MGARCH, with Diagonal VECH representation, for identification of the returns and volatility spillovers, as well as analysis of their conditional correlations. In addition, two multivariate autoregressive models (VAR) were estimated for analysis of joint relations of markets, and analysis of Impulse Response Functions (IRF) and the effects on the variance through its decomposition. The results indicated that the returns series from Latin American ADR markets doesn\"t have behavior more similar, with regard to volatility, to the major developed capital markets. However, there is evidence that the ADR indices present greater interdependence with the major developed capital markets, because they have closer relationships with these, compared to the Latin American equity markets analyzed. This finding supports the hypothesis elaborated on this subject from the market segmentation theory and the characteristics of these companies. Another important result was that the emerging markets of Latin America are more susceptible to local and regional effects than global ones, confirming the benefit of the use of the financial assets of these countries for diversification of international portfolios, even during an international financial crisis, such as the subprime.

This thesis explores caregiving ideology and social interaction in Tanzanian families with a focus on guidance and control of young children. The study is set within a context of social change in terms of urbanization as well as the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The aim of the study was to explore how the conditions for children’s participation are shaped within local deology and situated practice. A qualitative study was undertaken inspired by the traditions of language socialization, sociocultural theory and discursive psychology. Data was collected in one urban and one rural district in the coastal region in Tanzania. The thesis contains four articles. Article one and two are based on data from focus group discussions with parents and grandparents exploring caregiving responsibilities. The first study explores caregivers’ discourses regarding the responsibility of guidance and control of children related to social change. The analysis constructed two interpretative repertoires: guidance and control as a community matter and guidance and control as a family matter. These repertoires are related to an ideological caregiving dilemma regarding parental authority and individual rights. The second study investigates caregivers’ discourses regarding early childhood discipline strategies. The analysis suggested a model illustrating various levels of power asymmetries related to corporal punishment, conceptualized in terms of to beat with care, to treat like an egg, as if beating a snake and the non-care of non-beating. Article three and four are based on video recorded data and present analyses of moment-to-moment, multimodal sequences of interaction. The third study explores how siblings in Tanzania actively engage in their own socialization concerning caregiving responsibilities through the negotiation of guidance and control between younger siblings, older siblings and adults. The forth article presents findings from analyses of naturally occurring literacy events. The analysis shows how participation is negotiated in terms of  symmetries and asymmetries between younger and older siblings. Norms and values belonging to the social order of the formal school are enacted parallel to the social order of participatory learning with roots in everyday interaction in the home. The four studies illustrate conditions of participation in terms of symmetries and asymmetries in early childhood relationships. The findings are also discussed in terms of a caregiving dilemma regarding individual rights versus parental authority. This dilemma is identified both in lived and theoretical ideology as presented in caregivers’ discourses and the ideology of children’s rights. / Avhandlingen behandlar omsorgsideologi och social interaktion i  tanzaniska familjer med fokus på vägledning och kontroll av yngre barn. Studien är situerad i en kontext som präglas av social förändring med avseende på urbanisering och implementeringen av konventionen om barns rättigheter. Syftet med studien var att utforska hur förutsättningar för yngre barns deltagande skapas inom ramen för lokala ideologier och som lokala praktiker. Data samlades in i en urban och en rural miljö utmed den Tanzaniska östkusten. Avhandlingen innehåller fyra delstudier. I analysen av data användes kvalitativa metoder som har sin teoretiska grund i språksocialisation, socio-kulturell teori och diskursiv psykologi. De första två artiklarna baseras på fokusgruppdiskussioner med föräldrar samt mor- och farföräldrar. Den första artikeln utforskar diskurser med avseende på ansvaret för vägledning och kontroll av barn relaterade till den aktuella sociala förändringen. Analysen konstruerade två tolkningsrepertoarer: samhällsansvar för vägledning och kontroll och familjeansvar för vägledning och kontroll. Dessa repertoarer är relaterade till ett ideologiskt omsorgsdilemma som rör föräldrars auktoritet och barns individuella rättigheter. Den andra studien utforskar diskurser rörande disciplinering och kroppslig bestraffning av små barn. Analysen presenterar en modell som illustrerar hur olika disciplineringsstrategier representerar olika former av  maktasymmetrier i form av a) att slå med omsorg, b) att behandla som ett ägg, c) som att slå en orm och d) icke-omsorgen i att inte slå. Studie tre och fyra är baserade på videoinspelat material och presenterar analyser av multimodala sekvenser av interaktion. Den tredje studien utforskar hur syskon under måltidssituationer bidrar till sin egen socialisation genom förhandlingar mellan yngre syskon, äldre syskon och vuxna. Den fjärde studien presenterar fynd från analyser av spontana läs- och skrivhändelser i barns vardag. Analysen visar hur förutsättningar för deltagande förhandlas i termer av symmetrier och asymmetrier mellan yngre och äldre syskon. Normer och värden som tillhör den tanzaniska skolans sociala ordning kan återfinnas i förhandlingar parallellt med informellt lärande med rötter i vardaglig interaktion i hemmiljö. De fyra studierna illustrerar förutsättningarna för deltagande i relationer genom att analysera symmetrier och asymmetrier i familjerelationer under de tidiga barndomsåren i Tanzania. Fynden tolkas också som omsorgsdilemman som rör individens rätt i motsats till auktoritet och anpassning till traditionella värden. Detta dilemma kan spåras både i praktisk och teoretisk ideologi i föräldrars och mor- och farföräldrars diskurser inom den kontext som barnrättsideologin skapar.

Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att beskriva och analysera finansieringsformen P2P-utlåning, dess bildande och utveckling samt utvärdera hur den har fungerat för små- och nyföretagare. Problemformulering: Studien undersöker hur finansieringsformen person-till-person-utlåning via Internet uppstod. Vidare redogörs för utvecklingen på P2P-plattformen Lending Club sedan låneförmedlingens start 2007 fram till 2011. Slutligen undersöks vad som kännetecknar låntagarna på Lending Club som ansöker om lån till små och nya företag samt hur de presterat gällande deras återbetalningsförmåga. Teoretiskt ramverk: Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av framförallt vetenskapliga artiklar vilka behandlar det finansiella gapet, informations-asymmetrier och kreditbedömning. Vidare återges en bakgrunds-teckning över studier gjorda kring social utlåning och P2P-utlåning. Slutsatser: Studien kommer fram till att P2P-utlåning via Internet har sitt ursprung i social utlåning och möjliggjorts genom bland annat teknologisk utveckling av kreditvärderings-verktyg. Lending Clubs utveckling har gått från mer av ett socialt nätverk till att idag likna mer en finansiell intermediär med kreditvärdiga låntagare och institutionella investerare. Medlemmarna på Lending Club som lånar till små och nya företag kännetecknas av högre kreditvärdighet i jämförelse med övriga låntagare samtidigt som de presterar sämre i termer av återbetalningsförmåga. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze P2P lending, its formation and development and evaluate how it has worked for small businesses and start-ups. Problem statement: The study examines how person-to-person lending through the Internet has emerged. Furthermore, the study examines the development of the P2P platform Lending Club since its inception in 2007 until 2011. Finally, the study examines the characteristics of the borrowers at Lending Club who are applying for loans to small businesses and start-ups, as well as how they perform in terms of their ability to repay their loans.        Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework consists mainly of scientific articles regarding the financial gap, information asymmetries and credit rating. Furthermore, studies on social lending and P2P-lending are presented in a background chapter. Conclusions: The study concludes that P2P lending through the Internet has its origins in social lending and made ​​possible by foremost technological development of rating tools. The development of Lending Club has shifted from more of a social network to more of a financial intermediary with creditworthy borrowers and institutional investors. Members on Lending Club that borrow to small businesses and start-ups are characterized by having a higher credit rating compared to other borrowers, while they perform less well in terms of ability to repay.

Le phénomène de Clignement Attentionnel (Attentional Blink, AB), fait référence à une diminution transitoire du rapport exact d’une deuxième cible (C2) si celle-ci est présentée trop tôt après une première cible (C1) lors d’une présentation visuelle sérielle rapide (rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP), et ce, quand les deux cibles doivent être rapportées. Cette étude a examiné l’existence possible d’asymétries hémisphèriques dans le traitement attentionnel ainsi que l’éventualité que la présentation de cibles à deux hémisphères différents puisse diminuer le AB chez des participants neurologiquement sains et l’abolir dans le cas d’un patient callosotomisé. Pour ce faire, nous avons employé un paradigme modifié du AB dans lequel les cibles pouvaient apparaître dans n’importe quelle de quatre RSVP, une dans chaque quadrant du champ visuel, pour permettre des essais dans lesquels les deux cibles puissent être présentées au même hémisphère et d’autres où chaque cible était présentée à un hémisphère différent. Bien que nous n’ayons trouvé aucune diminution de l’effet AB lors de présentation inter-hémisphérique, dans les deux populations à l’étude, le taux de bonnes réponses globales à la deuxième cible était plus élevé quand les cibles étaient présentées à des hémisphères différents. Nous avons également trouvé un avantage de l’hémisphère gauche chez le patient callosotomisé. / The Attentional Blink (AB) refers to a transient impairment in the accurate report of a second target (T2) if it closely follows the presentation of a first target (T1) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), when both targets must be reported. This study investigated both the possibility of hemispheric asymmetries of attentional processes as well as the possibility that presenting targets to different hemispheres could diminish the AB in neurologically intact participants and abolish it in the case of a split-brain patient. To do so, a modified AB paradigm was used in which targets could appear in any of four simultaneous RSVP streams, one in each quadrant of the visual field, so as to have trials in which both targets were presented to the same hemispheres and trials in which targets were presented to different hemispheres. Although no evidence of a diminished AB was observed by presenting targets to separate hemispheres, in both neurologically intact individuals and the split-brain patient, overall accuracy was higher when targets were presented to separate hemispheres. A left hemisphere advantage was only observed in the split-brain patient.

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Στην παρούσα εργασία επιχειρούμε να διερευνήσουμε το βαθμό στον οποίο οι οικονομικοί κύκλοι μεταξύ των χωρών-μελών στη διευρυμένη Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση των 25 χωρών εμφανίζονται ή όχι συγχρονισμένοι και επιπλέον εξετάζουμε την πιθανότητα ύπαρξης ασυμμετριών. Το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο της ανάλυσής μας στηρίζεται στη Θεωρία της Άριστης Νομισματικής Περιοχής, στην οποία αναφερόμαστε εκτενώς, παρουσιάζοντας τόσο την παραδοσιακή όσο και τη σύγχρονη προσέγγισή της, ενώ παράλληλα θίγουμε και το ζήτημα της ενδογένειας των κριτηρίων. Στη συνέχεια, παραθέτουμε αναλυτικά ένα σημαντικό μέρος της σύγχρονης εμπειρικής βιβλιογραφίας που εξετάζει το ζήτημα που μας απασχολεί, ενώ παρουσιάζουμε και ορισμένες από τις μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις που έχουν υιοθετηθεί από τους ερευνητές. Στο υπόδειγμα που αναπτύσσουμε, χρησιμοποιούμε στοιχεία χρονολογικών σειρών που αφορούν σε δυο μακροοικονομικές μεταβλητές, το πραγματικό ΑΕΠ και το επίπεδο τιμών και διερευνούμε σε πρώτη φάση το βαθμό συγχρονισμού των οικονομικών κύκλων στην ΕΕ-25. Ως σημείο αναφοράς ορίζουμε τις 15 χώρες-μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (ΕΕ-15), ενώ στο δείγμα μας μεταξύ των υπόλοιπων χωρών συμπεριλαμβάνουμε και τις υποψήφιες για ένταξη στην ΕΕ χώρες. Στόχος μας είναι να προσδιορίσουμε την έκταση στην οποία η πραγματική οικονομική δραστηριότητα σε κάθε μία από τις χώρες αυτές κινείται ή όχι προς την ίδια κατεύθυνση με την ΕΕ-15. Αναλογιζόμενοι τους μηχανισμούς μέσω των οποίων μπορεί να προκαλείται αυτή η κυκλική συσχέτιση, προχωρούμε την ανάλυσή μας ένα βήμα πιο πέρα και εξετάζουμε την πιθανότητα ύπαρξης ασυμμετριών στις διαταραχές. Ακολουθώντας τη μεθοδολογία SVAR, εκτιμούμε για κάθε μία χώρα τα σχετικά υποδείγματα, επιδιώκοντας αρχικά να αναγνωρίσουμε τις διαρθρωτικές διαταραχές με τις οποίες έρχονται αντιμέτωπες οι εξεταζόμενες οικονομίες. Στη συνέχεια, υπολογίζουμε το βαθμό της συμμετρίας που παρουσιάζουν οι διαταραχές συνολικής ζήτησης και συνολικής προσφοράς ξεχωριστά για κάθε μία χώρα σε σχέση με τις αντίστοιχες διαταραχές στην ΕΕ-15. Όσον αφορά στα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσής μας, εστιάζουμε κυρίως στη συμπεριφορά που επιδεικνύουν τόσο τα νέα κράτη-μέλη όσο και οι υποψήφιες χώρες, ενώ επιχειρούμε και μια πρόβλεψη για το τι μέλλει γενέσθαι σε σχέση με την πολυσυζητημένη ευρωπαϊκή διεύρυνση. / This paper seeks to explore the extent to which economic cycles between member states in the enlarged European Union of 25 countries appear or not synchronized and further examines the possible existence of asymmetries. The theoretical framework of our analysis is based on the Theory of Optimum Currency Area, to which we refer extensively, presenting both traditional and modern approach, while addressing the question of endogeneity criteria. Then, we present in detail an important part of modern empirical literature examining the issue before us, while also highlighting some of the methodological approaches adopted by researchers. In our model we use time-series data related to two macroeconomic variables, real GDP and price level and explore initially the degree of synchronization between business cycles in EU-25. As a point of reference we define the 15 member countries of the European Union (EU-15), whereas in our sample among the remaining countries we include the candidate countries for EU membership. Our goal is to determine the extent to which real economic activity in each of these countries is moving or not in the same direction with the EU-15. Considering the mechanisms by which this cyclic correlation can be caused, we proceed our analysis a step further and examine the possible existence of asymmetries in shocks. Following the SVAR methodology, we estimate for each country relevant models, seeking initially to identify the structural shocks experienced by the economies concerned. Then, we calculate the degree of symmetry of aggregate demand and aggregate supply shocks separately for each country in relation to the respective shocks in the EU-15. Regarding the results of our analysis, we focus mainly on the behaviour shown by both the new member states and candidate countries, while attempting a prediction about what happens next in relation to the much-discussed EU enlargement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5099.pdf: 1564575 bytes, checksum: 02de59c122ee79d4ecdf2334d473c650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 / This research analyzes the relations established by agents with the expert knowledge in the context of a public policy for rural development, by reconstructing the experiences of those who took part of its processes of formulation and implementation. These processes are often mediated by funding institutions and rural extension agencies. Analyzing social phenomena from the perspective of mediations, and more specifically, from the perspective of expertise, assumes the centrality of power dimensions, the identification of its asymmetries and constant disputes over the construction of views about ruralities. The object of this study is the Land Management III Project (Programa Estadual de Microbacias de São Paulo - PEMH), one of the first public policies with a territorial, decentralized and participative approach for the sustainable rural development of the State of Sao Paulo. This program was partially financed by the World Bank and executed between 2000 and 2008 by the State Secretary of Agriculture, through its rural extension body, the Coordination of Integral Technical Assistance (CATI). The problematization of this research was designed from Anthony Giddens concept of systems experts, from whom we also extracted the notions of reflexivity, agency, time and space. Manuel Castells concepts of space of flows and space of places also assisted in the interpretation, as well as Michel Foucault's formulations on discourse. The field researches required the contributions of Luc Boltanski and Erving Goffman on trust and interaction processes. Techniques of social qualitative research, such as interviews and document analysis, were employed. / Esta dissertação analisa as relações que os agentes estabelecem com a perícia técnicocientífica em uma política pública de desenvolvimento rural, a partir da reconstrução da experiência de participantes de sua formulação e operacionalização - processos quase sempre mediados por instituições financiadoras e órgãos de extensão rural. Analisar os fenômenos sociais pela perspectiva das mediações e, em específico, da perícia, pressupõe a centralidade da dimensão do poder, o apontamento de suas assimetrias e de constantes disputas pela construção de visões de mundo acerca do rural. O estudo adota como objeto o Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas de São Paulo (PEMH), uma das primeiras políticas públicas com viés territorial, descentralizado e participativo voltadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável do rural paulista. Tal programa foi parcialmente financiado pelo Banco Mundial e executado, entre 2000 e 2008, pela Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo, por meio de seu órgão de extensão, a Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral (CATI). O problema desta pesquisa foi pensado a partir do conceito de sistemas peritos, de Anthony Giddens, do qual também foram extraídas as noções de reflexividade, agência, tempo e espaço. Os conceitos de espaço de fluxos e de espaço de lugares, de Manuel Castells, também auxiliaram na interpretação, assim como as formulações de Michel Foucault sobre discurso. A pesquisa de campo demandou o aporte das contribuições de Luc Boltanski e Erving Goffman no tocante a processos de interação e confiança. Técnicas qualitativas de pesquisa social, como a realização de entrevistas e a análise de documentos, foram empregadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Alves da Cunha.pdf: 1338248 bytes, checksum: 3c0a0afbc1261b492ec0b2813288fea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents the contributions of Akerlof, Spence and Stiglitz, discussing how the elements provided allows a research programme to be defined, in the sense of Lakatos (1980). The research aims to demonstrate how the work of those authors were incompatible with the standard economic analysis, this late identified with those analysis pertaining to the Neoclassical research programme. In the first part, the Methodology of Research Programme is presented, relating it to the works of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn. In the second part, a definition of the Neoclassical research programme is established, with the definition provided by Weintraub (1985) as a starting point. In the third part, the main works of Akerlof, Spence and Stiglitz were presented, identifying how they were incompatible with the definition of the Neoclassical research programme provided in the second part, and allows the definition of the New Information Economics research programme / O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar as contribuições de Akerlof, Spence e Stiglitz, discutindo como os elementos fornecidos por estas contribuições permitem a definição de programa de pesquisa, no sentido proposto por Lakatos (1980). Buscou-se demonstrar que as pesquisas desses autores são incompatíveis com as análises padrão da teoria econômica, identificadas neste trabalho como aquelas pertencentes ao programa de pesquisa Neoclássico. Na primeira parte do trabalho é apresentada a Metodologia do Programa de Pesquisa Científico de Imre Lakatos, situando-a em relação aos trabalhos de Karl Popper e Thomas Kuhn. Na segunda parte, é proposta uma definição do Programa de Pesquisa Neoclássico, utilizando-se como ponto de partida a definição proposta por Weintraub (1985). Por último, são apresentados os principais trabalhos de Akerlof, Spence e Stiglitz, identificando-se como estes são incompatíveis com o programa de pesquisa Neoclássico, e permitem a definição do programa de pesquisa da Nova Economia da Informação