A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: reconhecer nos discursos de gerentes e enfermeiras que atuam em assistência domiciliária (AD), na cidade de São Paulo, a identificação dos critérios utilizados para dimensionar o pessoal de enfermagem nesse tipo de assistência e propor um modelo que norteie o dimensionamento desse profissional. O estudo apoiou-se no método qualitativo, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e analisados pelo processo de análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin (1977). As questões norteadoras foram a descrição da indicação de um paciente para AD e como planejam o pessoal de enfermagem. Participaram do estudo 48 profissionais de 24 instituições, sendo 24 gerentes e 24 enfermeiras responsáveis pela enfermagem. Destes, oito eram do setor público e 40 do privado. A média do tempo de experiência em AD dos gerentes foi de 11,83 e das enfermeiras, 6,94 anos. Todos os discursos foram submetidos à análise interpretativa, evidenciando a construção de três categorias: a elegibilidade do paciente, o tempo despendido na assistência e o perfil profissional. A primeira categoria constituiu-se dos critérios de indicação do paciente que, na maioria, são de competência do médico do hospital, posteriormente, avaliados pelo médico da AD. A enfermeira e a assistente social verificam a viabilidade da prestação de serviço. A estabilidade clínica e a presença do cuidador familiar são um dos principais pré-requisitos de elegibilidade do paciente, para todos os serviços independente de recurso financeiro. As condições adequadas de moradia, sua localização e redução dos custos hospitalares são componentes para eleição do paciente. O grau de dependência dos cuidados de enfermagem foi apontado pelos entrevistados como determinante para a classificação do paciente ao tipo de modalidade de AD, monitoramento, atendimento e internação domiciliária e consistiu na segunda categoria. A terceira categoria foi o perfil profissional, fator essencial no dimensionamento do pessoal de enfermagem em AD. As enfermeiras, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem que atuam via cooperativa, precisam agir com postura adequada no ambiente do paciente e seus familiares, e a qualidade de prestação de serviços está intimamente relacionada à presença de supervisão, orientação e direção da enfermeira. A identificação dessas categorias possibilitou vislumbrar um caminho para proposição de um modelo, para dimensionar o pessoal de enfermagem domiciliária e transformar dados intuitivos em cientificamente embasados. / The present research aimed to: recognize on discourses from managers and nurses who work with home care (HC) at the city of Sao Paulo, the identification of frameworks used for dimensioning the nursing staff in this kind of care and propose a model to guide the dimensioning of this professional. The study was based on the qualitative method; data was collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the process of content analysis, according to Bardin (1977). The guiding questions were the description of indication of a patient to HC and how they plan nursing staff. Forty-eight professionals from 24 facilities attended the study, in which 24 were managers and 24 were nurses responsible for nursing. From these, 8 were from public setting and 40 from private. The average time of experience in HC for managers was 11.83 years and nurses 6.94. All discourses were submitted to interpretation analysis, becoming evident the creation of 3 categories: the patient eligibility, time spent in care and the professional profile. The first category was constituted of criteria for patient indication in which, most of the time, are the responsibility of the physician in the hospital, and subsequently, (s)he will be evaluated by the physician from HC. The nurse and social worker verify the feasibility of service delivery. The clinical stability and the presence of the family caretaker are one of the main requirements of patient eligibility for all services regardless of financial resources. The adequate housing conditions, its location and hospital cost reduction are components for patient election. The dependence degree of nursing care was pointed out by the respondents as determining for patient classification to the type of modality of HC, monitoring, attendance and home commitment and it consisted of the second category. The third category was the professional profile, essential factor on dimensioning the nursing home care staff and changing intuitive data into scientific-based ones.

[pt] A educação doméstica foi uma significativa prática de educação realizada nas Casas do Brasil de Oitocentos, que, em determinados momentos, consistiu na forma majoritária de ensinamentos dados a crianças e jovens, naquele tempo e contexto. Realizada pelos mestres, que se caracterizavam como professores particulares, preceptores, ou mesmo por familiares e padres, essa modalidade foi uma prática constante de educação durante todo o Brasil Imperial, tendo sua origem na educação de príncipes e nobres e sendo marcada pela influência européia. A tese propõe-se a estudar as características dessa prática e das circunstâncias em que ocorria na Casa, bem como, as relações que se estabeleciam entre ela, os colégios particulares e a escola estatal emergente, em um cotidiano em que conviviam essas diferentes modalidades de educação, concebidas como formas reconhecidas de educar meninos e meninas em Oitocentos. A pesquisa está baseada em diversos tipos de fontes documentais, principalmente em periódicos da época, que, explicitamente, apresentam como se configuravam as práticas de educação realizadas na Casa e como se inscrevem nesse período os mestres, agentes e responsáveis pela educação das crianças de elite no Brasil Oitocentista. / [en] Education at home was a significant educational practice held at the Brazilian Homes in the 18th Century, which, in some moments, represented the largest share of education imparted to the young and to the children, at that time and situation. Held over by masters, who assumed the position of teachers and tutors private, or even by members of the family or priests, it was a constant practice in education all over the Imperial period in Brazil, having as its model the education imparted to princes and the nobility, and as its main feature the European influence. The thesis proposes studying the characteristics of this practice and of the circumstances in which it happened at the House, as well as the relationships established among it, the private schools and the emerging state schools, in a daily life involving the different means of education conceived as methods to educate boys and girls in the 18th Century. The research is based on several kinds of documental sources, mainly from periodicals of the time, which show clearly how the educational practices held at Home were planned and how the masters, the agents and the ones in charge of the education of the children of the elite in Brazil of the Eighteen Hundreds were inscribed in the period.

La cobertura en salud hacia toda la población peruana es el principal objetivo del sistema sanitario nacional. Su mal manejo en las inversiones destinadas para alcanzar este objetivo, demuestran poca efectividad. Debido a esto, la población multidimensionalmente pobre queda vulnerable ante cualquier eventualidad que afecte su salud y se ve más propensa a incurrir en gastos de bolsillo que finalmente terminarán siendo catastróficos, para acceder a los servicios médicos correspondientes. En este contexto, estos gastos son preocupantes, ya que a largo plazo empeoran el bienestar del hogar. Para hacer un análisis más exhaustivo, primero se elaborará el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional. Seguido, por un modelo de variable binaria que ayudará a estimar la regresión final y definirá la relación que existe entre pobreza multidimensional y gasto catastrófico en salud. Otras variables usadas que explican este gasto son: género, ocupación, afiliación a algún seguro, estado civil, nivel educativo y presencia de miembros vulnerables a enfermarse. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que este gasto catastrófico sí es más probable a ocurrir en aquellos hogares multidimensionalmente pobres respecto a los multidimensionalmente no pobres. Esto, resalta la importancia del Estado por elaborar políticas y/o gestionar programas que protejan la salud de la población sobre todo la más vulnerable, con la finalidad de mejorar el crecimiento y desarrollo del país. / Health coverage for the entire Peruvian population is the main objective of the national health system. Their mismanagement of investments destined to achieve this objective, show little effectiveness. Due to this, the multidimensionally poor population is vulnerable to any eventuality that affects their health and is more prone to incur out-of-pocket expenses that will ultimately end up being catastrophic, to access the corresponding medical services. In this context, these expenses are worrying, since in the long term they worsen the well-being of the household. For a more comprehensive analysis, the Multidimensional Poverty Index will first be developed. Followed by a binary variable model that will help estimate the final regression and define the relationship between multidimensional poverty and catastrophic health spending. Other variables used to explain this expense are: gender, occupation, affiliation to some insurance, marital status, educational level, and presence of members vulnerable to becoming ill. The results obtained show that this catastrophic expenditure is more likely to occur in multidimensionally poor households than in multidimensionally nonpoor ones. This highlights the importance of the State to develop policies and / or manage programs that protect the health of the population, especially the most vulnerable, in order to improve the growth and development of the country. / Trabajo de investigación

Globalisation, internet and digitalisation has given cause to vast changes in society, where the individual is to an ever greater extent extradited to oneself through individualisation, flexibilisation and informatisation. Taken together this known as institutional individualisation. Globalisation, internet and digitalisation has facilitated a plethora of possibilities for remote work, i.e. white collar work that is not confined to a dedicated office area, but rather being undertaken on the go, at home or in a hotel lobby. As the global spread of Covid-19, office work has taken on new dimensions forcing employees to conduct their work within the context of the private sphere, thus altering working fromhome (WFH) into working athome (WAH). This is here researched, using a combination of critical theory and social critical realism.            In this master’s dissertation, WAH full time due to Covid-19, has therefore been set in relation to institutional individualisation and its incusing on contemporary society. Thus, against the background of individualisation, flexibilisation and informatisation, and how they together comprise our everyday working lives in the organisations where we, by means of making a living, every day partake, the changed nature of the relation between the private and the professional sphere has here been investigated. Eleven semi structured in-depth interviews, in addition to four confirmatory interviews, have served to give new insights on the social im­pli­cations of WAH. These are presented in six verified hypo­thesises, with subordinate clauses. Taken together, these in turn serve to illustrate a catalysed institutionalised individualism, and a usurpation of the private sphere, by the pro­fessional sphere, while simultaneously instigating a perceived free will, making the trans­formation a choice of the employee him- or herself. / Globalisering, internet och digitalisering har givit upphov till stora samhälleliga förändringar, där individen i allt större utsträckning utlämnas till sig själv genom individualisering, flexi­bilisering och informatisering. Sammantaget kallas detta för institutionaliserad individ­ualism. Globalisering, internet och digitalisering har också faciliterat en pletora av möjligheter till distans­arbete, dvs tjänstearbete som inte är begränsat till den dedikerade kontorsytan, utan snarare utförs på språng, i hemmet eller i en hotellobby, alltså på distans. Med den globala spridningen av Covid-19, har kontorsarbete tagit nya dimensioner och tvingat de anställda att utföra sitt arbete i kontext av den privata sfären, och därmed förändrat arbete frånhemmet (WFH) till arbete ihemmet (WAH). Detta har här beforskats medelst en kombination av kritisk teori och social kritisk realism.            I denna magisteruppsatsen har heltidsarbete i hemmet, med anledning av Covid-19, därför satts i relation till institutionaliserad individualism och dess prägling av det samtida samhället. Mot bakgrund av individualisering, flexibilisering och informalisering, och hur de tillsammans utgör våra vardagliga arbetsliv i de organisationer där vi, genom förtjänandet av vårt levebröd, varje dag deltar, har förändringar i relationen mellan privat och professionell sfär således undersökts. Elva semistrukturerade djupintervjuer, har tillsammans med fyra bekräft­ande intervjuer, tjänat nya insikter om sociala implikationer av arbete i hemmet. Dessa presen­teras genom sex verifierade hypoteser, med tillhörande under­klausuler. Samman­taget tjänar dessa i sin en illustration av katalyserad institutionaliserad indi­vid­ualism och den profess­ionella sfärens usurpering av den privata sfären, samtidigt som en uppfattad egen vilja konstituerar transformationen som själv­vald.

Providing advanced health care at home rather than in a hospital creates a greater quality of life for patients and their families. It also lowers the risk of hospital-acquired infections and accelerates recovery. The overall cost of care per patient is decreased. Manual scheduling of patient visits by health care professionals (HCPs) has become a bottleneck for increased patient capacity at SABH, a ward providing advanced pediatric health care at home (“Sjukhusansluten Avancerad Barnsjukvård i Hemmet” in Swedish), since many parameters need to be taken into account during scheduling. This thesis aims to increase the efficiency of SABH’s daily scheduling of personnel and resources by designing an automated scheduler that constructs a daily schedule and incorporates changes in it when needed in order to remove scheduling as a limitation for increased patient capacity. Requirements on a feasible schedule are identified in cooperation with SABH and literature is investigated about similar areas where the scheduling process has been automated. The scheduling is formulated as a computerized problem and investigated from the perspective of theoretical computer science. We show that the scheduling problem is NP-hard and can therefore not be expected to be solved optimally. The algorithm for scheduling the visits minimizes violations of time windows and travel times, and maximizes person continuity and workload balancing. The algorithm constructs an initial solution that fulfills time constraints using a greedy approach and then uses local search, simulated annealing, and tabu search to iteratively improve the solution. We present an exact rescheduling algorithm that incorporates additional visits after the original schedule has been set. The scheduling algorithm was implemented and tested on real data from SABH. Although we found the algorithm to be efficient, automatic transfer of data from the patient journal system is an imperative for the scheduler to be adopted. / Barn som får avancerad sjukvård hemma istället för på sjukhus tillfrisknar ofta snabbare och risken för vårdrelaterade infektioner minskar. Barnen och deras familjer blir mer välmående av att få vistas i sin hemmiljö. På Astrid Lingrens barnsjukhus i Stockholm erbjuds avancerad hemsjukvård av avdelningen Sjukhusansluten Avancerad Barnsjukvård i Hemmet (SABH). För att schemalägga när patienterna ska besökas av sjukvårdspersonalen behöver många olika faktorer beaktas, detta sker idag helt manuellt. Den manuella schemaläggningen utgör en naturlig begränsning av SABHs patientkapacitet. Denna uppsats syftar till att effektivisera schemaläggningsprocessen hos SABH genom att föreslå en automatiserad lösning som hanterar koordinering av personal och resurser och dem förändringar som behöver göras i schemat under dagen, för att få bort schemaläggningsprocessen som ett hinder mot ökad patientkapacitet. Krav på schemaläggningen identifieras i diskussion med SABH och genom att studera litteratur kring liknande områden där schemaläggning lösts automatiserat. Vi formulerar schemaläggningen som ett datologiskt problem och analyserar det med utgångspunkt i teoretisk datalogi. Vi visar att problemet är NP-svårt och därför inte kan förväntas lösas optimalt inom rimlig tid. Vår lösning approximerar istället fram ett rimligt svar, där fokus hos algoritmen är att patienterna ska besökas de tider de behöver, personalens restider ska vara så korta som möjligt samtidigt som arbetsbördan hos personalen ska vara så lika fördelad som möjligt och patienterna ska, i den mån det är möjligt, få vård av samma personal. Med en girig algoritm konstrueras ett initialt schema som uppfyller de grundläggande kraven, detta schema förbättras med lokalsökning, simulated annealing och tabusökning. En exakt lösning framställs för uppdatering av schemat. Algoritmen för att lägga ett dagligt schema (utan uppdateringar) implementerades och testades med riktigt data från SABH. Vår algoritm visade sig vara effektiv, men för att kunna göra hela schemaläggningsprocessen effektiv behöver den integreras med journalsystemet.

Purpose – International experience is important to prepare university students for successful career in the globalized knowledge economy. However, learners in developing countries have limited access to international educational experiences due to travel costs and constrains, political instability that prohibit academic visits from foreign students and instructors, societal restrictions on certain groups like female students, or old educational systems that resist didactical and organizational changes. The emergence of Social Media enabled the development of interactive learnercentered virtual learning environments that enable collaborative knowledge building in online social communities.This empirical study aims to explore how to provide Jordanian university students with international academic experience during their regular study programs without travelling abroad. Virtual Collaborative Learning has been introduced and examined in this specific context due to its reported high potential for developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – Following an educational design based approach, a Virtual Collaborative Learning arrangement has been re-designed to involve Jordanian students in a formal masters’ course with German students at the Technische Universität Dresden. Factors that affect participated Jordanian students’ perception of this experience have been examined using deep interviews and qualitative content analyses methods. Originality/value – The value of this study lays in the innovative approach to provide Jordanian university students with international learning experience by integrating them in a virtual community with peers from Germany using Social Media application. Practical implications – This study delivers empirical evidence on the potential of welldesigned Virtual Collaborative Learning arrangements to provide students with enjoyable, high-impact, immersive international learning experience at their home university. This helps universities, especially in Arab and developing countries, to grant their students a new learning experience using affordable easy-to-use Social Media solutions.

Text in English, isiZulu and Afrikaans / The topic of work-life balance has gained much attention in recent years. A focal point remains the effects of maternal employment on the well-being of women and children, despite shifts in society towards gender equality. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers who either had chosen to stay at home after having children or to continue with full-time employment; and how their decision impacted their lives. This qualitative study, based on the Social Constructionist paradigm, and Second Order Cybernetics and Feminist Theories, included interviews with four full-time employed and four stay-at-home South African mothers. The data were analysed using hermeneutic analysis. The findings suggest that the participants’ tensions regarding motherhood and employment were strongly influenced by structural obstacles at work and at home, interpersonal relationships with other mothers, as well as intrapersonal experiences. Breastfeeding was identified as a prominent topic within the various themes. / Eminyakeni yamuva nje ukulinganisela phakathi komsebenzi nokuphila kwasekhaya kube undabamlonyeni. Indaba eseqhulwini kuseyiwo umthelela wokusebenza komama enhlalakahleni yabesimane nezingane, yize sekube nezinguquko emphakathini endabeni yokulingana kobulili. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola lokho okwehlele omama abakhethe ukuhlala ekhaya ngemva kokuzalwa kwezingane noma abaqhubeka besebenza isikhathi esigcwele; nokuthi isinqumo sabo sibe namuphi umthelela ekuphileni kwabo. Lolu cwaningo olwalubheka umnyombo, olusekelwe embonweni weNhlanganyelo Yomphakathi, kanye ne-Cybernetics Yohlelo Lwesibili Nemibono Yabalweli Besifazane, lwalubandakanya izingxoxombuzo nomama abane baseNingizimu Afrika abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele kanye nabanye abane abahlala ekhaya. Ulwazi lwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa uhlaziyo lokucubungula okulotshiwe. Okwatholakala kubonisa ukuthi izinto ezaziyingqinamba kubabambiqhaza ngokuphathelene nokuba umama nokusebenza zazilawulwa kakhulu yizithiyo zesikhundla emsebenzini nasekhaya, ubudlelwano nabanye omama, kanye nalokho ababhekana nakho uma bezihlola ekujuleni. Ukuncelisa ibele kwakubhekwa njengesihloko esiqavile phakathi kwalezo zihloko ezinhlobonhlobo. / Die kwessie van ‘n werk-lewe balans geniet die afgelope paar jaar baie aandag. 'n Brandpunt in die literatuur is steeds die gevolge van ma’s se indiensneming op die welstand van vroue en kinders, ondanks verskuiwings in die samelewing ten opsigte van geslagsgelykheid. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die ervarings van vroue te ondersoek wat óf kies om tuis te bly, óf om voltyds te bly werk wanneer hulle kinders kry; en hoe die besluit hul lewens beïnvloed. Die kwalitatiewe studie, gebaseer op ‘n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese uitgangspunt, en ekosistemiese en feministiese teorieë, het onderhoude met vier voltydse werknemers en vier tuisbly ma’s in Suid-Afrika ingesluit. Die data is ondersoek met behulp van hermeneutiese analise. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die deelnemers se spanning rakende. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

No description available.

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / La revisión teórica y bibliográfica desarrollada a continuación surge a raíz de la presencia de la primera experiencia de educación remota de emergencia en el Perú (una variante de la educación a distancia): la estrategia multicanal “Aprendo en casa”, la cual fue producto de la pandemia del coronavirus. Asimismo, este análisis de fuentes está orientado a identificar las posibilidades de indagación a partir de las creencias y atribuciones causales que puedan surgir de la utilización de esta modalidad de aprendizaje en el Nivel Inicial. Para ello, se define a las creencias como aquellos juicios evaluativos que conducen la manera de pensar y proceder de las personas en determinadas situaciones (Borg, 2001; Pajares,1992). De la misma forma, las atribuciones causales son construcciones mentales desarrolladas a partir de la búsqueda de razones que explican un hecho y que, además, determinan cómo el sujeto enfrenta situaciones posteriores (Weiner, 1985). Finalmente, en este trabajo, se ha identificado que, en los estudios realizados sobre educación a distancia, las percepciones sobre esta modalidad varían de acuerdo al nivel de conocimiento y experiencia que los docentes y estudiantes poseen acerca de ella. Además, se resalta la ausencia de situaciones en las que se haya usado este tipo de educación en edades tempranas y se hace hincapié en la necesidad de indagar la pertinencia de su aplicación en el Nivel Inicial. / The theoretical and bibliographic review developed below arises from the presence of the first remote education experience (EAD) in Peru (a distance education form): the multichannel strategy “Aprendo en casa”, which was a product of COVID-19. Likewise, this resource analysis is aimed towards identifying the possibilities of research based on the beliefs and causal attributions that may arise from the use of this new modality of learning at the preschool level. In order to do this, beliefs are defined as those evaluative judgments that guide the way people think or act in different circumstances (Borg, 2001; Pajares,1992). In the same way, causal attributions are mental constructions that are developed based on the reasons that explain a fact, and that, in addition, determines how any subject faces subsequent situations (Weiner, 1985). To finish off, in this investigation, it has been identified that, in the studies that have been carried out about distance education, perceptions about this modality vary according to the level of knowledge and experience that a teacher and student have of it. In addition, the absence of situations where this modality of education might have been used in the early years is highlighted and it is emphasized that there is a need to investigate the relevance of its application at preschool level. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.