It is well established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to health and emotional outcomes. But less is known about the relationship between ACEs and educational attainment—a potentially important feature of educational stratification in America. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative youth study of 7-12th grade students in the 1994-95 school year, I investigate whether ACEs is linked to post-secondary attainment and examine the role of health and socio-emotional factors as mediators. Results confirm that there is a graded relationship between ACEs and timely bachelor's degree attainment. I find that an additional ACE decreases the odds of timely bachelor's degree attainment by about 17%, even after accounting for other related factors.

Prior research supports the relationship between education and status attainment, mobility, and occupational attainment. Today, within an increasingly bifurcated labor market, where education is important for occupational attainment and the associated income and benefits, understanding the processes of status attainment is important. Educational expectations shape educational attainment, while educational attainment influences occupational attainment and satisfaction. Utilizing the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study investigated the moderating effects of expectations on the relationship between education and occupational satisfaction. The results of this study partially support the moderating effects of expectations on the relationship between degree earned and career satisfaction, finding that expectations moderate this relationship for individuals who earned a bachelor's degree.

268 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-07T16:45:18Z No. of bitstreams: 4 Tese_Soraia Logo4.pdf: 1547962 bytes, checksum: a5a9f52aedc404aa2439d156e3045e3a (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo3.pdf: 1993789 bytes, checksum: 36bbe7ffd590933f59f1a532e64f4431 (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo2.pdf: 1738234 bytes, checksum: 4c696c12560d3852378e2b5fb24ecb43 (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo1.pdf: 906481 bytes, checksum: 4199281d39ecc0fd88a48f87604b18f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T17:33:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 Tese_Soraia Logo4.pdf: 1547962 bytes, checksum: a5a9f52aedc404aa2439d156e3045e3a (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo3.pdf: 1993789 bytes, checksum: 36bbe7ffd590933f59f1a532e64f4431 (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo2.pdf: 1738234 bytes, checksum: 4c696c12560d3852378e2b5fb24ecb43 (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo1.pdf: 906481 bytes, checksum: 4199281d39ecc0fd88a48f87604b18f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T17:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Tese_Soraia Logo4.pdf: 1547962 bytes, checksum: a5a9f52aedc404aa2439d156e3045e3a (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo3.pdf: 1993789 bytes, checksum: 36bbe7ffd590933f59f1a532e64f4431 (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo2.pdf: 1738234 bytes, checksum: 4c696c12560d3852378e2b5fb24ecb43 (MD5) Tese_Soraia Logo1.pdf: 906481 bytes, checksum: 4199281d39ecc0fd88a48f87604b18f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Este trabalho trata da formação inicial do professor de Química, dentro de uma perspectiva em que as questões epistemológicas, pedagógicas e suas relações com o currículo da licenciatura, constituíram o eixo de sustentação das reflexões e análises realizadas. Partiu-se do pressuposto que as concepções epistemológicas e pedagógicas dos professores de ciências tem uma influência marcante sobre suas práticas docentes e decisões curriculares, de modo que propostas de reformulação curricular devem levar em conta a explicitação das crenças, concepções e visões de mundo dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de formação. Foram levantadas as concepções epistemológicas e pedagógicas de professores e alunos do curso de licenciatura em Química da UFBA, com o objetivo de explicitá-las, estabelecer relações entre elas e o currículo instituído e encontrar elementos para a superação de obstáculos resultantes de concepções inadequadas. Os dados foram obtidos utilizando-se metodologia qualitativa e os resultados apresentados, através de perfis de concepções, com base nas noções de perfil epistemológico de Bachelard e perfil conceitual de Mortimer. Estes resultados mostraram correlações entre as concepções dos professores, suas práticas docentes e as concepções dos alunos, algumas delas consideradas obstáculos para a formação docente em Química, na contemporaneidade. Apesar disso, concluiu-se que é possível criar ?nichos? curriculares que possibilitem uma formação profissional mais autônoma, mais reflexiva e focada na prática profissional, a partir do aprofundamento do debate epistemológico e das relações entre epistemologia, currículo e a formação do professor de Química, como forma de superação do modelo da racionalidade técnica, ainda predominante nesta área. / Salvador

The purpose of this quantitative study was to see if there was a significant difference in the mean American College Test (ACT) scores and high school grade point average (HSGPA) between students who attained a bachelor’s degree within 6 years of starting college and those who did not attain a bachelor’s degree within 6 years of starting college. Data from 2005-2013 high school graduates from one high school with only academic course choices were used. A series of independent t-tests were used to compare the mean ACT scores and HSGPA of students from both groups. The goal was to find out whether high school educators can use existing high school data to know whether students who intend to continue their postsecondary studies at degree granting postsecondary institutions have the necessary preparation not just to be admitted to a postsecondary institution, but to attain a bachelor’s degree. The results showed that for this group of participants, the mean ACT scores and HSGPA were significantly different between students who attained a bachelor’s degree within 6 years and those who did not. Using Cohen’s d to calculate the effect size for the results, ACT Composite, ACT English, ACT Science, and HSGPA were found to have a large effect size, and ACT Math and ACT Reading were found to have a medium effect size. HSGPA had the largest effect size. The implications from the results are that high school personnel at all high schools should examine available data to see if it can be used as indicators of bachelor’s degree attainment with the purpose of providing additional support to students who intend to pursue a bachelor’s degree, but whose data indicate that they may not have the necessary preparation to successfully complete a degree.

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of a master's degree in construction management in southern Idaho. A telephone and Internet survey was employed to determine the value that members of the construction industry in southern Idaho place on construction management (CM) degrees, both graduate and undergraduate. The survey included 27 self-described general contractors who are members of The Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) in regions 3 and 4 in the state of Idaho. Regions three and four include Twin Falls, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Ketchum, Burley and surrounding communities. Following the compilation of surveys, it was found that the group of participants 1) knew there was a bachelor's degree in CM; however, some didn't realize there was a master's degree in CM; 2) felt that education is sometimes over rated; 3) perceived no difference in hiring an undergraduate v. a graduate in terms of monetary value. There was a perceived value in a master's degree itself.

Social Networking Sites have taken the world by storm with an aggressively growing market. People are spending more and more time with ever more alluring algorithms to keep a high interest for increased profit margins and revenue. However, this brings forth societal issues regarding attention span. Herbert. A. Simons (1971) theorized that as people gain information, it is in exchange for attention in an attention economy.With these uprising issues, we set out to discover if there were ways to alleviate the attention required to understand the content. In design, minimalism as a design concept helps to solve these issues by communicating as effectively as possible and skipping "the small talk." Further, the massive growth SNS has experienced in the 2010s leaves a market opportunity to streamline advertisements to communicate with its audience more effectively.The research set out to answer two questions: “How do end-users perceive minimalistic design principles to affect memorability in SNS advertisements?” and “How do end-users perceive minimalistic design principles to affect the attention required to understand an advertisement on SNSs?” We constructed interviews based on previous research and conducted eight interviews. The interviews were then thematically analyzed, where four significant themes occurred. "Positive Perception of Attention Required", "Positive Perception of Effects on Memorability", "Influential Individual Content Creators" and “Effects on Minimalism by Context”. The findings revealed a positive perception of how minimalistic design principles affected the attention required to understand the content. Likewise, it was found that people had similar perceptions of the effects on memorability. Further, it was revealed that a majority believe individual content creators can alleviate societal issues regarding attention.

Submitted by Gabriel Swahili (gabrielswahili@gmail.com) on 2016-12-05T18:10:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Swahili - Tese - FACED.pdf: 2147022 bytes, checksum: 8b6db66ac79a5c0ee0f9ab3eb5ae4079 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-12-16T17:23:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Swahili - Tese - FACED.pdf: 2147022 bytes, checksum: 8b6db66ac79a5c0ee0f9ab3eb5ae4079 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T17:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Swahili - Tese - FACED.pdf: 2147022 bytes, checksum: 8b6db66ac79a5c0ee0f9ab3eb5ae4079 (MD5) / A universidade contemporânea tem se deparado com desafios de ordem social, epistemológica e estrutural que requerem uma profunda reflexão acerca de seu estatuto e função social. No contexto brasileiro, uma série de reformas incompletas agravam ainda mais a chamada crise da universidade, universidade esta que se vê envolvida em uma nova proposta de expansão e reformulação através do REUNI, programa que – dentre outras coisas – propõe uma reestruturação da arquitetura acadêmica do Ensino Superior. Com o objetivo de compreender os usos e sentidos aplicados à interdisciplinaridade dentro dos Bacharelados Interdisciplinares da UFBA, este estudo objetivou, através da Teoria das Representações Sociais e do método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, compreender como a interdisciplinaridade é interpretada no nexo entre política pública e prática pedagógica por parte da comunidade universitária da UFBA. A partir da literatura, estabelecemos descritores das modalidades e dimensões da interdisciplinaridade, por meio dos quais investigamos os depoimentos de estudantes, gestores e técnicos no intuito de compreender as concepções, estrutura fornecida e práxis na dinâmica interdisciplinar dos BIs, considerando as políticas públicas como contexto e moldura destes processos. A pesquisa revelou que o uso e sentido mais corrente da interdisciplinaridade nos BIs se constitui como a atitude de docentes e discentes dentro do contexto formativo, por meio de uma combinação não necessariamente sistematizada de diferentes disciplinas, denotando uma ênfase no aspecto multidisciplinar do IHAC, muito em decorrência do fato do instituto ainda operar sobre um chassi institucional de caráter predominantemente disciplinar e da ausência de uma política global voltada à interdisciplinaridade na UFBA. / ABSTRACT The contemporary university has encountered social, epistemological and structural challenges that require a profound reflection on its status and social function. In the Brazilian context, a series of incomplete reforms further aggravate the so-called university crisis, a university that is involved in a new proposal for expansion and reformulation through REUNI, a program that - among other things - proposes a restructuring of the academic architecture of Higher Education. In order to understand the uses and meanings applied to interdisciplinarity within the Interdisciplinary Bachelor courses of UFBA, this study seeks, through the Social Representations Theory and the Collective Subject Discourse method, to understand how interdisciplinarity is interpreted in the nexus between public policy and Pedagogical practice by the university community of UFBA. From the literature, we have established descriptors of the modalities and dimensions of interdisciplinarity, through which we investigate the testimonies of students, managers and technicians in order to understand the conceptions, structure provided and praxis in the interdisciplinary dynamics of BIs, considering public policies as context and framework of these processes. The research revealed that the most common use and meaning of interdisciplinarity in BIs was constituted as an attitude of teachers and students within the formative context, through a combination not necessarily systematized of different disciplines, denoting an emphasis on the multidisciplinary aspect of the IHAC, due to the fact that the institute still operates on an institutional chassis of predominantly disciplinary character and the absence of a global policy focused on interdisciplinarity at UFBA

The implementation of standardized testing has changed education in the United States resulting in a content ripple effect from the higher grades down to preschool-aged children. To match that ripple effect early childhood education can be evaluated and reformed accordingly by exploring many factors that make up the early childhood education system. This manuscript addressed one factor, early childhood teacher preparation, through a synthesis of literature related to the potential benefits of earning a Bachelor of Science degree in Early Childhood Development and Education, or a BS. The theories of early brain development were explored first and then studies of the social components affecting an Early Childhood Educator's, or ECE's, choice in teacher preparation were reviewed. The review then defined and compared the Child Development Associate or CDA, the Associate of Arts degree, or AA, and the BS. Professional recommendations and standards according to the National Association for Young Children, or NAEYC were included to understand how valuable the BS is to these trend setters of the field. The review then explored how the BS is currently being used nationally in a state-funded program known as VPK, utilizing the National Institute for Early Education Research, or NIEER. This data provided a snapshot of the national demand for the BS in the early childhood field. The pay disparities were then correlated with levels of education and compared with primary and upper grade compensation. The final value explored was research of how the BS directly affected results of the quality in the early childhood classroom and teacher-child interactions. These studies used two quality rating scales, the ECERS and CLASS, which were defined and compared. The findings of the synthesized literature review provided understanding of a young field that is growing and implies where further research and change could happen to match the effects of an evolving education system in the United States of America.

This dissertation consists of three chapters on labor economics. The first two chapters focus on education, and the third examines inequality and incarceration. Chapter one explores whether college students strategically delay exiting college in response to poor labor market conditions. It exploits variation in U.S. state unemployment rates to identify the causal impact of unemployment rates on time to graduation. Strategic delay is observed among both men and women. Results indicate that students delay graduation by approximately 0.4 months for each percentage point increase in junior-year unemployment rates, implying the average student delays by approximately half a semester during a typical recession. Effects are greatest for men with freshman majors in education, professional and vocational technologies, the humanities, business, and the sciences, and for women in education, the sciences, or undeclared. Delays are robust to fluctuations in students’ in-school work hours, earnings, and job market conditions. Chapter two assesses the impact of over-the-counter access to emergency contraception on women’s educational attainment using variation in access produced by state legislation since 1998. Approximately 5% of American women of reproductive age experience an unintended pregnancy annually, indicating a significant unmet need for contraception. Results indicate that cohorts with greater access to emergency contraception are more likely to graduate from high school and attain the associate’s degree. Effects for high school graduation are most pronounced among black women, while increases in associate’s degree attainment are driven primarily by white and Hispanic women. Chapter three explores the relationship between incarceration and generational inequality. Using a calibrated OLG model of criminal behavior with race, inheritance and endogenous education, I calculate how much longer prison sentences, and a higher likelihood of capture and conviction contribute to income inequality. Results indicate that changes to criminal policy mirroring those of the “tough on crime” legislation of the 1980s and 1990s, including an 18% increase in criminal apprehension and a 68% increase in prison sentence length, have little impact on inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. Instead, the model provides evidence that these enhanced enforcement measures deter crime and decrease incarceration rates. / text

Bakgrund Enligt lärare för en högskoleutbildning för en generell examen finns ett upplevt återkommande problem med att studenter som läser ett treårigt kandidatprogram inte förstår hur kurser hänger ihop med varandra och att kurser kan vara behörighetsgivande. Hur ser egentligen problemet ut ur studenters perspektiv? Kan det som lärare beskriver bekräftas av studenter? Hur ser de på sin programtid, hur tar de till sig information om sina studier och hur skulle de vilja få den informationen? Syfte Syftet med forskningsstudien är att bidra med kunskap om vilken typ av information studenter vid en högskoleutbildning behöver under sin programtid. Studiens två frågeställningar är: Vilken information behöver studenter för att de ska förstå sin egen programtid? Hur kan lärosäten utforma information för att stödja studenters förståelse för sin egen tid vid programmet? Metod Metoderna för insamlande av empiri var enkät, semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentanalys. De tre årskurserna på Informationsdesignprogrammet vid Högskolan Dalarna tillsammans med dokument som studiehandledningar, kursplaner, utbildningsplan och informationssidorna som finns tillgängliga för studenterna, har utgjort empirin för studien. Totalt utfördes sju intervjuer med studenter från dessa årskurser. Resultat Studien identifierade två huvudsakliga teman i relation till hur studenterna uppfattade programmet, ”Kontext/Identitet” och ”Förståelse/Relevans”. Återkommande uttryck för oförståelse av hur programmets innehåll hänger samman och en osäkerhet kring dess slutmål. Slutsatser Studenter behöver att utbildningens innehåll kopplas till programmets slutmål och mot kommande arbetsliv. Programmet upplevs som väldigt brett och svårt att greppa och att vissa kurser behöver en tydligare relevans för att öka förståelsen, engagemanget och motivationen. Studiehandledningen är ett centralt dokument som borde delvis standardiseras och innehålla specifik information. En interaktiv lösning över programmet med filtreringsfunktion behövs. / Background According to teachers for a higher education for a general degree, there is a perceived recurring problem that students who study a three-year bachelor's program do not understand how courses are connected to each other and that courses can be qualifying. What does the problem really look like from a student's perspective? Can what teachers describe be confirmed by students? How do they view their program time, how do they absorb information about their studies and how would they like to receive that information? Aim The purpose of the research study is to contribute knowledge about the type of information students in a higher education program need during their program time. The study's two questions are: What information do students need in order to understand their own program time? How can higher education institutions design information to support students' understanding of their own time in the program? Method The methods for collecting empirical data were questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The three years of the Information Designprogram at Dalarna University, together with documents such as study guides, syllabi, study plan and the information pages that are available to the students, have formed the empirical basis for the study. A total of seven interviews were conducted with students from these year groups. Results The study identified two main themes in relation to how students perceived the program, "Context / Identity" and"Understanding / Relevance". Recurring expressions of misunderstanding of how the content of the program is connected and an uncertainty about its end goal. Conclusion Students need the content of the education to be linked to the final goals of the program and to future working life.The program is perceived as very broad and difficult to grasp and that some courses need a clearer relevance to increase understanding, commitment and motivation. The study guide is a central document that should be partially standardized and contain specific information. An interactive solution over the program with filtering function is needed.