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321	Click Me Out To The Ballgame: Exploring City Websites To Assess The Civic Priorities of Small and Mid-sized Communities With Minor League Baseball Teams January 2012 (has links) abstract: The boom in publicly-funded sports facility construction since the 1980s resulted in studies that generally found the economic benefits accruing from facility construction do not justify the costs. However, focusing narrowly on economic costs in large cities leaves out an important part of the story. The author is interested in the possible non-economic benefits to a city from having a sports team and stadium, and focuses on determining any relationship between minor league teams and stadiums and community self-image. The methodology for this review is an assessment of the websites – primarily the website's front page – for 42 cities with minor league baseball teams. In addition, a survey of local government officials provides a layer of corroboration for the website review results. Through this assessment, the author brings together elements that contribute to three different fields – facility financing, e-government, and small and mid-sized cities. The website reviews have two elements. First, the author assesses the extent to which the website provides information about the team and stadium on the front page or a website page within two links from the front page. The result is that a relatively low amount of information about teams and stadiums is available on the 42 city websites. Second, the author assesses all the active links on the website front page and categorize the links regarding whether they are primarily directed toward residents, businesses, or tourists. On average 67 percent of the links on the 42 city websites' front pages are directed toward residents. In addition to the website reviews, the author reports on a survey of local government executives and managers regarding the city websites. The key findings from the survey are that residents are the group of most interest to the website creators; the websites' content and appearance generally are intended to reflect the communities' self-image, and; in general, the low amount of information about the teams and stadiums on the website front page accurately represents the importance of the teams and stadiums to communities' self-image. The survey results generally corroborate the website reviews. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012 Public administration Recreation and tourism E-Government Minor league baseball Small cities Sports facilities Sports facility financing Website review
322	Facultative Labour Arbitration as Final Offer Arbitration / Arbitraje Laboral Potestativo como Final Offer Arbitration Velásquez Meléndez, Raffo 12 April 2018 (has links) This article explains how it was formed and shaped the Facultative Labour Arbitration optional by the judgments of the Constitutional Court, in order to that the workers or the employer may resort and request the initiation of arbitration which their counterpart must be submitted obligatorily, without previous arbitration clause or agreement. the constitutional system requires that the labor arbitration has to be an alternative mechanism to the negative response of the previous negotiations. / El presente artículo explica cómo se ha formado y perfilado el arbitraje potestativo laboral mediante las sentencias del tribunal Constitucional, con el fin de que los trabajadores o el empleador pueden recurrir y solicitar el inicio de un arbitraje al que su contraparte deberá someterse obligatoriamente, sin necesidad de cláusula arbitral o acuerdo previo. El sistema constitucional exige que el arbitraje laboral sea un mecanismo subsidiario ante la respuesta negativa de las negociacionesprevias. Final Offer Arbitration Baseball United States Damaska Negotiation Salary Employer Worker Arbitraje Laboral Potestativo Negociación Salario Empleador Trabajador
323	Buried Under Dodger Blue: Racial Rhetorical Criticism, Public Memory, and Fernandomania January 2020 (has links) abstract: In 1981, Fernando Valenzuela had one of the most unlikely rookie seasons for theLos Angeles Dodgers. Originally from a rural farm town in northern Mexico, he left an enduring legacy that persists within Mexican/American and Latinx fans and communities throughout Los Angeles. Not only did Fernando help the Dodgers capture the World Series, he captured the hearts of the people and the communities who had shunned the Dodgers for decades. This act of protest was a response to the destruction of three neighborhoods—La Paloma, Palo Verde, and Bishop—that were destroyed amid a protracted legal battle with the city of Los Angeles throughout the 1950’s that culminated in coercion, violence, and a new baseball stadium. This project intends to remember the neighborhoods of La Paloma, Palo Verde, and Bishop and those who lost their homes alongside the public memory of Fernando Valenzuela’s unlikely rookie season, dubbed Fernandomania, and his career with the Los Angeles Dodgers. I illumine how the public memories of Fernandomania, a moment of communitas, and Fernando Valenzuela have facilitated the public forgetting of La Loma, Palo Verde, and Bishop by making Chavez Ravine into a novel public idiom for American baseball rather than a site of violence and resistance. In the process of facilitating the public forgetting of these neighborhoods, the sports media commits a pernicious discursive violence upon Fernando Valenzuela’s hyper-visible brown body that reveals the workings of a white racial frame designed to protect American baseball’s white masculine ideology. Ultimately, the Los Angeles Dodgers benefit from Fernando’s unmistakably cultural and racial Mexican identity—the source of his otherization and incongruity with American baseball’s white heroism—as the transgressions of the past are slowly forgotten. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2020 Rhetoric Hispanic American studies American studies Baseball Chavez Ravine Dodger Stadium Fernando Valenzuela Public Memory Racial Rhetorical Criticism
324	A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN STARTING AND BACK UP BASEBALL PLAYERS AT THE NCAA DIVISION III LEVEL, AND A GRANT FOR EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCES IN PHYSCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAYERS AT THE NCAA DIVISION I & III LEVEL AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE Beiting, Jacob 18 April 2023 (has links) No description available. Health Sciences Sports Medicine Sports Management Talent identification college baseball speed gates force plates anthropometrics age playing status
325	Fans Don't Boo Nobodies: Image Repair Strategies of High-Profile Baseball Players During the Steroid Era Nielsen, Kevin R. 23 September 2011 (has links) (PDF) Baseball's Steroid Era put many different high-profile athletes under pressure to explain steroid allegations that were made against them. This thesis used textual analysis of news reports and media portrayals of the athletes, along with analysis of their image repair strategies to combat those allegations, to determine how successful the athletes were in changing public opinion as evidenced through the media. The contexts, media reports, and strategies of Jason Giambi, Mark McGwire, Andy Pettitte, and Roger Clemens were analyzed and revealed important implications involving effective use of image repair strategies. They provided a deeper framework for the success of mortification strategies. An authentic, sincere mortification strategy has more power to change the media's reporting and portrayal of the athlete, while stunted or incentivized mortification strategies provide diminishing results. The four different situations of the players and the different combinations of strategies used provide insight into how much a public persona matters in confronting allegations. They show how ineffective the strategy of minimization is against allegations that involve on-field performance. The situations reveal how the promise of future on-field actions, along with actual on-field success can help repair an athlete's image without a solid rhetorical strategy. They show the amount of information offered, along with the strategies used, influences the amount of persuasion that occurs. The different situations also showed how a complete image repair strategy is successful in ending news coverage of the allegations and not just changing the media portrayal. textual analysis apologia image repair strategies baseball steroids HGH Mark McGwire Jason Giambi Andy Pettitte Roger Clemens Communication
326	Monarch Cheers, Integration Whimpers, and a Loyalty Conflict: Kansas City Call's Coverage of the Black Yankees, 1937-1955 Eames, Eric M. 05 December 2008 (has links) (PDF) Already regarded as one of the top teams in Negro League baseball, the Kansas City Monarchs became known as a powerhouse unit in the 1930s and 40s. They rolled into towns with lights, amazing athletes, and competitive play. They won championship after championship during these years as Kansas City baseball fans strongly supported them. As they became an integral part of the city, the Monarchs' success, open-seating policy, and jazzy home openers fostered a large following of mixed-race fans. The local black newspaper, the Kansas City Call, held them up on a pedestal, while sportswriters for the mainstream Kansas City Star/Times downplayed the Monarchs' accomplishments and influence in the community. This thesis focuses on the relationship the Call had with the best team in black baseball through the context of its treatment of games, players, league officials, and team owners, as well as other patterns and tactics. Analysis of the Star/Times coverage is also considered to show variances in coverage between one city's race-divided newspapers. Negro League baseball and the African American newspapers that covered the teams grew out of and illustrated the segregation laws and prejudices feelings that existed in the United States during most of the twentieth century. Over time, especially when the sports world moved into the post-integration period, the Call's bolstering of the Monarchs deteriorated as the paper's promotion of democracy steered its sportswriters away from a baseball organization that symbolized segregation. The different types of coverage by the Call throughout the twenty-year study can be described as all-out promotion, balance, and abandonment. In the 1950s nostalgia and conflict existed, as the Call's sportswriters became torn on how to cover a team that was once the pride of the black community, but now represented inequality. In an attempt to remedy this torment, the Call tried to convince black baseball officials to remove the “Negro League” stigma by signing players of all races in order to mirror the more democratic Major Leagues. The white press, meanwhile, ignored the bigger issues of black baseball as one Negro League team after another died in the 1950s. The Star/Times peripheral coverage of the Monarchs provides context to the social issues and discriminatory practices at play in Missouri. As this thesis outlines the coverage of the Monarchs through the Black and White newspapers of Kansas City, previous research is substantiated and challenged to provide a fuller account of Jim Crow's effects. Monarchs Kansas City Negro Leagues black press Jim Crow black baseball Kansas City Call Chester A. Franklin John I. Johnson Chicago Defender Pittsburgh Courier Wendell Smith Sam Lacy Frank Young Lucile Bluford Ernest Mehl C.E. McBride Kansas City Star Kansas City Times white press segregation Major Leagues color barrier baseball integration baseball Buck O'Neil J.L. Wilkinson Tom Baird Satchel Paige Jackie Robinson Hank Thompson Ernie Banks opening day jazz Missiouri Communication
327	Analýza hodu vrchním obloukem v baseballu / Analysis of overhead throw in baseball Zelený, Michal January 2013 (has links)  Title: Analysis of overhead throw in baseball  Objectives: to describe the work of muscles musculus trapezius dexter, sinister and musculus pectoralis major dexter, sinister during the classic side overhead throw, the throw without using left arm, the front throw, the pitch from the floor and the pitch from the pitching hill using the surface electromyography; to compare all types of the throws and to determine the differences between them  Methods: surface elektromyography, video content analysis  Results: based on the results of the analysis we can say, that the activity of the chosen muscles during the various types of throws differs in intensity and in the duration of action potencial as well  Keywords: baseball, surface elktromyography, overhead throw, throw without using left hand, front throw, pitch
328	Sabermetrics - Statistical Modeling of Run Creation and Prevention in Baseball Chernoff, Parker 30 March 2018 (has links) The focus of this thesis was to investigate which baseball metrics are most conducive to run creation and prevention. Stepwise regression and Liu estimation were used to formulate two models for the dependent variables and also used for cross validation. Finally, the predicted values were fed into the Pythagorean Expectation formula to predict a team’s most important goal: winning. Each model fit strongly and collinearity amongst offensive predictors was considered using variance inflation factors. Hits, walks, and home runs allowed, infield putouts, errors, defense-independent earned run average ratio, defensive efficiency ratio, saves, runners left on base, shutouts, and walks per nine innings were significant defensive predictors. Doubles, home runs, walks, batting average, and runners left on base were significant offensive regressors. Both models produced error rates below 3% for run prediction and together they did an excellent job of estimating a team’s per-season win ratio. Sabermetrics Statistics Baseball Runs Sports Offense Defense Regression Estimation Applied Mathematics Applied Statistics Numerical Analysis and Computation Physical Sciences and Mathematics Statistical Methodology Statistical Models Statistics and Probability
329	台灣職業棒球消費行為研究劉美稚, Liu, Mei-Chih Unknown Date (has links) 本研究之研究目的如下：一、描繪出職棒現場觀眾的人口統計項目。二、整體描繪出職棒現場觀眾之職棒特殊生活型態。三、整體描繪出職棒現場觀眾之觀賞動機。四、整體描繪出職棒現場觀眾之對球賽的滿意程度。五、探討職棒球迷之不同的人口統計變項在特殊生活型態、觀賞動機與滿意程度是否有影響。六、找出台灣職業棒球的問題點。七、為台灣職業棒球做行銷策略規劃。研究對象為所有曾親自至職棒比賽球場觀賽的消費者，進行問卷調查，一共得到６４９份有效問卷。本研究重要發現: 一、人口統計方面，職棒現場觀眾以男性為主。二、在特殊生活型態方面，對職棒較熱衷的是年齡在26-30歲及36歲以上的男性，教育程度為高中高職，職業並非學生，每月收入在30,000元以上的族群。三、在職棒現場比賽觀賞動機方面，最重要的動機是「特別喜歡某球隊的演出」、「球賽精彩刺激吸引」及「比賽時加油的熱烈氣氛吸引」。四、在職棒現場比賽觀賞滿意程度方面，最令觀眾滿意的是「球場看球氣氛」，最令觀眾不滿意的是「比賽場地硬體設備」。五、職棒票房不振的主要原因是「簽賭事件」、「球員水準」、「兩聯盟惡性競爭」及「場地設備不良」。生活型態動機理論消費行為職業棒球 Lifestyle Consumer behavior Motivation theory Baseball
330	社會發展、權力與運動文化的形構─台灣棒球的社會、歷史、文化分析 (1895-1990) / Social Development,Power and the Formation of Sport Culture- The Social,Historical,Cultural Analysis of Taiwanese Baseball (1895-1990) 梁淑玲, Liang, Shu Ling Unknown Date (has links) 觀諸台灣的運動發展，要屬棒球的韌性最強、魅力最大。記憶中台灣的棒球似乎與台東紅葉是同義詞，這個長久的認知其實是對台灣棒球源自日本殖民歷史事實的蔑視。因此對台灣棒球作社會、歷史與文化分析，有助於還其真實的面目。本文所要探討的問題有三：一、台灣棒球史與台灣社會發展、社會結構的關係為何？二、棒球與權力網絡(民間社會╱國家、族群、性別)的關係為何？三、台灣的棒球文化如何形構？台灣的棒球史大致有幾個分期：一、被遺忘的歷史根源─日據時期 (1898-1945)；二、政權移轉與美援穩定期(1945-1968)；三、國族主義意識形態的滲透與鬆動期─紅葉崛起(1968)到八十年代；四、職棒成立後的「棒球文化工業」時期(1990-)。透過對台灣棒球各歷史階段的分析，發現台灣棒球發展史正是台灣生活史實的一部份。棒球是日本殖民台灣的遺物，在當時已有初步的發展。參與者以日本人居多，相對少數的台灣人(包括原住民)參與者多集中於台中、嘉義、台南、高雄、花東等地，台北地區幾乎沒有。這種情形一直持續到九十年台灣職棒成立。由於台灣棒球的日據淵源，一方面造成本省族群與外省族群共經驗的差異，影響傑出棒球員的地域與族群分佈；另一方面則使得棒球在光復初期受到去除日本化政策的壓抑。然而，沈澱於人民生活的文化記憶終究還是會在歷史的進程中展現，也因此能掀起美援政經穩定時期的四、五十年代銀行杯六行庫大賽的熱潮。六十年代末、七十年代初台灣外交局勢漸趨不穩，台灣人民心惶惶。1968年紅葉少棒打敗日本隊，以及之後三級棒球在世界的成就，使棒球一方面扮演穩定民心的功能，一方面也是官方棒球史觀的開始。八十年代台灣社會淹沒在追逐金錢的遊戲中，加上各種社會自主力量的興起，棒球的國族意識形態漸漸鬆動瓦解，並漸向中小企業、社區擴展。九十年職棒成立，一方面顯示台灣邁入消費社會，「棒球文化工業」的時代已來臨。另一方面則顯示累積多年的棒球文化，早已成為許多人生活記憶的一部份。台灣的棒球文化正是不同歷史階段，各種社會關係與力量辯証接合的形構。社會發展權力關係文化形構棒球文化 Social Structure Power Culture Formation Baseball Culture

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