Substance abuse is a global problem that affects individuals in various areas. In Tanzania, substance abuse has significantly increased in recent years, making it a growing issue. There is a distinction between men and women in substance abuse, as they are attributed different expectations by society. Each gender is perceived to have different problems and needs in relation to substance abuse. Research indicates that much of the substance abuse treatment is based on a male perspective, which can result in one gender being treated unfairly. Furthermore, the gender of the substance abuse counselor is a factor that may influence treatment, and there is an inherent dilemma regarding treating everyone equally while still focusing on the specific needs of each individual person. The purpose of this study is to understand how gender can affect the treatment of substance abuse in two treatment centers in Tanzania by examining how substance abuse counselors construct gender. The thesis adopts an ethnographic approach with observation as the data collection method, supplemented by interviews. The empirical data has been analyzed through the theories of gender performativity, gender order, and the gender contract, as well as previous research. The results and conclusions of the thesis indicate that substance abuse counselors construct gender in treatment, revealing both differences and similarities in the way each gender is treated.

Depression drabbar 10–20% av gravida kvinnor och kan leda till konsekvenser för bådebarnet, modern och samhället. IKBT för depression är en effektiv behandling, däremot har patientersom genomgått IKBT uttryckt behov av ytterligare stöd. Syftet med studien var att undersökaupplevelser av att erhålla extrastödsamtal under IKBT inom DANA-studien. Genom en kvalitativansats genomfördes intervjuer med nio deltagare med depression under graviditeten. Tematisk analysanvändes vilket resulterade i två huvudteman; Individanpassning efter behov och Integrering avbehandling. Resultatet visade att extrastödet utgjorde en möjlighet till flexibel individanpassningsamt ett stöd utifrån att IKBT upplevdes som en krävande behandling. Kommunikation upplevdessom avgörande för helhetsupplevelsen av behandlingen och extrastöd utgjorde en möjlighet till flerperspektiv utifrån tillgång till olika yrkeskompetenser. Resultatet ger en ökad förståelse avupplevelsen av extrastödet och dess funktion, samt vad deltagarna upplever som viktigt för att kunnagenomföra behandlingen. / Depression affects 10-20% of pregnant women and can cause consequences for the child,mother, and society. ICBT for depression is an effective treatment, however, patients that haveundergone ICBT have expressed a need for additional support. The purpose of this study was toexamine experiences of receiving extra-counseling during ICBT within the DANA-study. Through aqualitative approach, interviews were conducted with nine participants with depression duringpregnancy. Thematic analysis was used and resulted in two main themes: Adaptation to individualneeds and Integration of treatment. The result shows that extra-counseling provided an opportunityto adapt the treatment to specific needs, while functioning as a support to the ICBT which wasexperienced demanding. Communication was crucial to the overall experience, and extra-counselingwas a possibility to gain perspective from different professions. This provides increasedunderstanding of experiences of extra-counseling, its function, and what is experienced as importantto accomplish the treatment.

This study uses qualitative research consisting of six semi-structural interviews of treatment workers who, in various capacities, have worked with men who use violence against their female partners. The purpose has been to show what the treatment counselor understand to be the reasons behind the men’s violence, what kind of backgrounds and problems they believe these abusers have and, lastly, how they view the male abusers as clients. The empirical data was analyzed through four perspectives and explanatory models derived from the past thirty years of Scandinavian research on the reasons behind men’s violence against women. Connell’s theory of masculinity was used as a filter along with the four theoretical perspectives when interpreting the data. The study revealed that the respondents found no consistent group of men who abuse. The respondents brought up reasons such as possible earlier exposure to violence, fear of abandonment, jealousy, feelings of powerlessness, and failed expectations of gender roles to be some consistent causes behind the violence. In general, according to the treatment workers, the male abusers they encounter tend to struggle with their self-image and how they fulfill perceived male ideals.

Inledning: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att genom bloggar undersöka hur unga vuxna beskriver sin upplevelse av psykisk ohälsa och hur psykisk ohälsa påverkar synen på sig själva, hur de hanterar psykisk ohälsa och hur det påverkar deras beskrivning av vård och samtalsbehandling. Genom att studera bloggar kan bilden av psykisk ohälsa ur den unga vuxnas eget perspektiv såsom de själva beskriver det vidgas. Frågeställningar: De frågor som undersökts har varit hur den unge beskriver psykisk ohälsa och hur beskrivningen av de själva kopplas ihop med synen på sig själv, hur de hanterar psykisk ohälsa och hur det påverkar deras beskrivning av vård och samtalsbehandling. Metod: I denna studie har fyra bloggar kring ämnet psykisk ohälsa använts som empiriskt material och en analysmetod som bygger på det diskurspsykologiska angreppssättet med utgångspunkt i tolkningsrepertoarer. Dessa arbetades fram genom att först plocka ut teman ur materialet och ur dessa skapades fyra sammanhållande ramar, tolkningsrepertoarer som definierades som: 1) upplevd psykisk ohälsa - ångestdiskurs, 2) bemötande vid vårdinsatser - bemötandediskurs 3) vårdinsatser med fokus på samtalsbehandling - tillitsdiskurs 4) samt identifikation med psykisk ohälsa - identifikationsdiskurs. Resultat: Materialet i studien har redovisats utifrån de fyra tolkningsrepertoarerna som definierades och visar att kvinnorna beskriver psykisk ohälsa framförallt i termer av ångest och då i somatisk form något som de beskriver påverkar dem både i synen på sig själva och deras syn på vård och samtalsbehandling. Diskussion: Kvinnorna i denna studie beskriver en skillnad mellan sin upplevelse av psykisk ohälsa framförallt benämnd i termer av ångest och hur ångest fungerar. Detta framkommer också i deras beskrivning av psykisk ohälsa och hur det påverkar synen på sig själva och sin omgivning i denna studie framförallt i relation till vård och omsorg. I beskrivningen av möten med vård och samtalsbehandling framkommer liknande problematik även efter som de beskriver  långvarig kontakt med vård och behandling. Vidare forskning skulle genom t ex intervjuer med bloggskribenter kunna undersöka vad bloggen symboliserar för bloggskribenten och vad kvinnorna tänker att de vill förmedla genom bloggen. Vad är det de tänker att bloggen ersätter som de inte kan få i sin omgivning eller från vuxenvärlden? / Introduction:  The aim of the present study was to investigate how young adults themselves describe mental ill-health and how their description says something about how it affects the view of themselves, how they struggle with it and their description of healthcare and therapeutic treatment. By studying blogs, the image of mental ill-health from the young adult's own perspective as they themselves describe it can widen. Issues:The issues that have been investigated have been how the young person describes mental illness and how the description of themselves is linked to the view of themselves, their struggle with mental illness and their description of healthcare and therapeutic treatment. Method: In this study, 4 blogs on the topic of mental illness have been used as empirical material and an analytical method based on the discourse psychological approach based on Wetherell & Potters interpretation repertoires. The four interpretative repertoires were defined after categorizing the material in different themes that finally was gathered in four interpretive repertoires: 1) perceived mental ill-health - anxiety discourse, 2) treatment of care interventions - treatment discourse 3) intervention with focus on treatment of treatment - confidence discourse 4) and identification with mental illness - identification discourse. Results: The material in the study has been reported on the basis of the four interpretative repertoires that were defined and show that women describe mental ill-health mainly in terms of anxiety and then in somatic form something that they describe affects them both in their view of themselves and their view of the environment, especially in relation to themselves for healthcare and therapeutic treatment. Discussion: The women in this study describe a difference between their perception of mental ill-health, mainly referred to in terms of anxiety and how anxiety works. This also appears in their description of mental illness and how it affects the view of themselves and their surroundings in this study, especially in relation to health and care. In the description of meetings with healthcare and treatment, similar problems arise even after they describe long-term contact with healthcare and treatment. Further research could, for example through interviews with blog writers, be able to investigate what the blog symbolizes for the blog writer and what the women think they want to convey through the blog. What is it that they think the blog replaces as they cannot get in their surroundings or from the adults?

Syftet med studien var att undersöka behandlares upplevelser av sexualbrottsprogrammet Sexualbrottsbehandling med individuellt fokus [Seif] på anstalt inom svensk Kriminalvård. Åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades med tematisk analys. Tre huvudteman identifierades: Behandlares tillvaro, Behandlingsprocessen samt Klienternas särskilda omständigheter. Studiens resultat visar att deltagarna upplevde att arbetet kunde vara förhållandevis påfrestande men överlag meningsfullt och roligt. Stöd och handledning var centralt för att handskas med påfrestande element. Deltagarna beskrev de sätt de arbetade på med metoden och lyfte fram individuella anpassningar och den terapeutiska relationen som framträdande faktorer för behandlingsresultatet. Deltagarna beskrev även att klienternas liv på anstalt fick en särskild påverkan på behandlingen och att den skam som är associerad med sexualbrott kunde skapa hinder för klienter att gå i behandlingen. / The purpose of this study was to examine treaters experiences of the sex offence treatment programme Sex offence treatment with individualized focus [Seif] in correctional facilities in the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: Treaters’ conditions, The treatment process and The clients’ special conditions. The result of the study showed that the participants experienced their work as relatively demanding but overall meaningful and enjoyable. Support and supervision were deemed central to coping with demanding elements. The participants described the way they worked with the method and conveyed the individualized adjustments and the therapeutic relationship as prominent factors for treatment results. The participants further described that the clients’ life in a correctional facility had a special effect on the treatment and that the shame associated with sex offences could hinder clients to participate in the treatment.

Psykisk ohälsa är ett ökande problem samtidigt som symptomen ofta behandlas med medicinering istället för psykologiska behandlingsmetoder där individen får möjlighet att läka i lugn och ro. Hästunderstödda insatser är en behandlingsmetod som innefattar glädje och struktur för att lyfta individens självkänsla och egenskaper. Syftet med studien är att undersöka behandlarens syn på hästens roll i arbetet med psykisk ohälsa. Studien fokuserar på att utreda om hästen påverkar relationen mellan klient och behandlare samt huruvida häst och behandlare inverkar på klientens återhämtning. Det är en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer och tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att hästunderstödda insatser kan vara en metod där det finns möjlighet att med hjälp av djur och natur, återhämta sig från psykisk ohälsa i lugn och ro. Hästen kan motivera samtidigt som relationen mellan behandlare och klient förbättras. Metoden kräver dock mer forskning för starkare evidens för att utvidga användningen i samhället. / Mental ill-health is a growing problem, where symptoms are often treated with medication instead of psychological treatment that allows the individual to recover in peace and quiet. Equine-assisted intervention is a treatment method that improves an individual's self-esteem and attitude by providing joy and structure. This study investigates the therapist's view of a horse's role in the treatment of mental ill-health. It examines whether a horse can influence the relationship between the client and the therapist, and whether the horse, together with the therapist, can influence the client's recovery. It is a qualitative study, with semistructured interviews and thematic analysis. The result shows that equine-assisted interventions can, with the help of animals and nature, provide the opportunity to recover from mental ill-health with tranquility and improve the client’s relationship with the therapist. However, more research is needed to strengthen the evidence and encourage the adoption of the method in society.