Au début de notre ère, les hautes terres du sud du Brésil furent occupées par des peuples précoloniaux qui édifièrent de grandes constructions en terre sur le sol - tels que monticules funéraires, dépôts de terre, murs, remblais, terrassements - et sous le sol - les structures souterraines et semi-souterraines. Dans le but d'obtenir davantage de données et de mieux comprendre le mode de vie de ces populations, ce travail s'est basé sur l'approche de l'archéologie du paysage lors des fouilles entreprises dans l'ensemble des structures édifiées du site RS-AN-03 et de la prospection archéologique dans une zone pilote de 1 500 km² dans la région de Bom Jesus, située dans l'État le plus méridional du Brésil. Envisageant le paysage comme un participant actif dans les actions sociales humaines, cette approche a donné à l'archéologie des hautes terres brésiliennes un nouveau support interprétatif. Elle a également permis d'élaborer un modèle de comportement territorial à partir des analyses des niveaux intrasite, intersite et régional, ainsi qu'un nouveau discours narratif sur l'occupation humaine précoloniale. Établi à partir du constat d'expansion de la forêt d'araucarias sur un paysage de champs, concomitante de l'expansion et de la fixation des groupes humains vers 1 500 avant J.C. environ, ce discours met en évidence une dynamique socio-environnementale sur le Planalto das Araucárias, un aspect anthropique du paysage. La concentration élevée des ressources disponibles et assurées annuellement a favorisé la concentration de personnes, qui construisirent des villages et de grands hameaux à caractère permanent et constituèrent des sociétés complexes, hiérarchisées, avec des territoires délimités et protégés. / The highlands in southern Brazil were settled around the beginning of our era by precolonial peoples who built large earth buildings on the ground in the form of small burial hills, earth deposits, walls, landfills, terraces, in addition to building underground and semiunderground structures. In order to get more information and better understand the way of life of these populations, the landscape archeology approach was used to make diggings in the set of buildings on site RS-AN-03 and on the archeological survey conducted at a pilot area of 1,500 Km² located in Bom Jesus in the southernmost Brazilian state. This approach, which views the landscape as an active player in human social actions, provided a new interpretative contribution to the archeology of Brazilian highlands, enabling the design of a territory behavior model based on the analyses performed within sites, across sites and at the regional level and a new narrative discourse on pre-colonial human settlements. This discourse, made from the realization of the expansion of araucaria forecast on a grassland landscape that took place together with the expansion and settlement of human groups around 1,500 BC shows evidence of a social-environmental dynamics at the araucaria plateau, a landscape anthropogenization. The high concentration of resources available and ensured all year round enabled the concentration of people who built permanent towns and larges villages and constituted complex hierarchized societies that kept their territories delimited and protected.

Au début de notre ère, les hautes terres du sud du Brésil furent occupées par des peuples précoloniaux qui édifièrent de grandes constructions en terre sur le sol - tels que monticules funéraires, dépôts de terre, murs, remblais, terrassements - et sous le sol - les structures souterraines et semi-souterraines. Dans le but d'obtenir davantage de données et de mieux comprendre le mode de vie de ces populations, ce travail s'est basé sur l'approche de l'archéologie du paysage lors des fouilles entreprises dans l'ensemble des structures édifiées du site RS-AN-03 et de la prospection archéologique dans une zone pilote de 1 500 km² dans la région de Bom Jesus, située dans l'État le plus méridional du Brésil. Envisageant le paysage comme un participant actif dans les actions sociales humaines, cette approche a donné à l'archéologie des hautes terres brésiliennes un nouveau support interprétatif. Elle a également permis d'élaborer un modèle de comportement territorial à partir des analyses des niveaux intrasite, intersite et régional, ainsi qu'un nouveau discours narratif sur l'occupation humaine précoloniale. Établi à partir du constat d'expansion de la forêt d'araucarias sur un paysage de champs, concomitante de l'expansion et de la fixation des groupes humains vers 1 500 avant J.C. environ, ce discours met en évidence une dynamique socio-environnementale sur le Planalto das Araucárias, un aspect anthropique du paysage. La concentration élevée des ressources disponibles et assurées annuellement a favorisé la concentration de personnes, qui construisirent des villages et de grands hameaux à caractère permanent et constituèrent des sociétés complexes, hiérarchisées, avec des territoires délimités et protégés. / The highlands in southern Brazil were settled around the beginning of our era by precolonial peoples who built large earth buildings on the ground in the form of small burial hills, earth deposits, walls, landfills, terraces, in addition to building underground and semiunderground structures. In order to get more information and better understand the way of life of these populations, the landscape archeology approach was used to make diggings in the set of buildings on site RS-AN-03 and on the archeological survey conducted at a pilot area of 1,500 Km² located in Bom Jesus in the southernmost Brazilian state. This approach, which views the landscape as an active player in human social actions, provided a new interpretative contribution to the archeology of Brazilian highlands, enabling the design of a territory behavior model based on the analyses performed within sites, across sites and at the regional level and a new narrative discourse on pre-colonial human settlements. This discourse, made from the realization of the expansion of araucaria forecast on a grassland landscape that took place together with the expansion and settlement of human groups around 1,500 BC shows evidence of a social-environmental dynamics at the araucaria plateau, a landscape anthropogenization. The high concentration of resources available and ensured all year round enabled the concentration of people who built permanent towns and larges villages and constituted complex hierarchized societies that kept their territories delimited and protected.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Lobato.pdf: 458668 bytes, checksum: 75a9d282a32041701f8142bf12ebb12c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-29 / In this work, a generic user model, obtained from historical data from actions of the users and inference functions of belief is proposed. The functions of belief are obtained through forecasting techniques. This model was tested with its utilization in taxpayers. Two forecasting techniques had been used: statistical Holt model and neural networks. The results obtained from tests in Government of Maranhão, in Brazil, are also reported. / Neste trabalho, um modelo genérico utilizador, obtido a partir de dados históricos e a partir de ações dos usuários, com suas inferências e funções de crença é proposto. As funções de crença são obtidas através de Previsão técnicas. Este modelo foi testado com a sua utilização nos contribuintes. Duas Previsão técnicas tinham sido utilizados: Holt modelo estatística e redes neurais. O Resultados obtidos a partir de testes de Governo do Maranhão, no Brasil, também são relatados.

Social networking sites and their functions are in constant change and with every new innovation different user behaviors are encouraged or prevented. Persuasive design is one way of designing a system to encourage a certain behavior. In this study we conducted four surveys of Sweden’s four most popular Social networking sites and how they are used. We followed up with ten interviews to gain understanding of why the users use these sites in a certain way. We identified four different target behaviors on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn with help from the results we gathered from our surveys and our interviews. We then used a behavior model for persuasive design (FBM) to identify the different factors of the model in Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn’s design. The three factors of the behavior model are: motivation, ability and triggers. To gain further understanding of how Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn motivates, allows and triggers users to perform target behaviors we analyzed our findings using theories from research already done on persuasive design. We found that persuasive design was a powerful tool when it comes to making users perform a certain target behavior. Where the target behavior was not being performed we identified where the design did not correspond with the behavior model. Our goal was to expand on the behavior model by providing it with real world examples. By doing so we hope to help designers gain further understanding about how persuasive design works and how to put it into practice.

Dans les applications automobiles et dans d'autres domaines (énergie, aviation, etc), le nombre d'appareils électroniques a augmenté de façon significative au cours des dernières décennies. La sécurité des systèmes et des personnes repose sur la qualité de connecteurs électriques. Toutefois, soumis à des vibrations (moteur de la voiture, de l'environnement) des microdéplacements sont induits à l’interface. La problématique du contact électrique est principalement liée à l'altération de la conduction de faible courant (5mA) dans les interfaces soumises à des contraintes mécaniques de glissement répétitifs engendrant un phénomène bien connu de fretting par l’usure. La sollicitation de fretting usure apparait comme un processus de dégradation très pénalisant. Outre la détérioration des surfaces, ce processus conduit à une augmentation de la résistance électrique des contacts et à une possible perte du signal électrique. Ceci est particulièrement le cas pour les connecteurs bas niveau très sensibles aux fluctuations de la résistance électrique. Pour remédier à cela, les acteurs de la connectique développent de nouveaux dépôts pour limiter l’utilisation de dépôts nobles tels que l’or. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’établir une "table d’utilisation" des revêtements en fonction de sollicitations précises et de mettre en place une méthodologie dans le choix des dépôts en vue d’optimiser la durée de vie des connecteurs. L’étude aborde différents aspects tels que les influences des conditions de chargements mécaniques, des épaisseurs de dépôts, du type de dépôt (noble, non noble, dopé), de l’amplitude de débattement (micro-déplacement et grand déplacement) et la formalisation de l’endurance électrique (loi puissance et approche énergétique). / In automotive applications and in other areas (energy, aviation, etc.), the number of electronic devices has increased significantly in recent last decades. Systems and people securities are based on the quality of electrical connectors. However, submitted to vibrations (car engine, environment) micro-displacements are induced at the interface. The problem of electrical contact is mainly due to the impairment of low current conduction (5mA) in interfaces subjected to repetitive sliding displacement generating a well-known fretting wear phenomenon. Fretting wear solicitation appears as a process of very detrimental degradation. Besides surface deterioration, this process leads an increase of the electrical contact resistance and a possible loss of the electrical signal. This is particularly the case of the low level connectors which are very sensitive to electrical contact fluctuations. To remedy, connections actors develop new deposits to limit the use of noble ones such as gold. The objectives of this thesis are to establish a "table of use" coatings based on specific solicitations and define a methodology for the selection of deposits to optimize the lifetime connectors. The study covers different aspects such as the mechanical loading conditions influence, the thickness deposits influence, the type of deposit (noble, non-noble, doped), the displacement amplitude (microdisplacement and large displacement) and the electrical endurance formalization (energetic approach and power law).

A website’s foundation should be its usability and its user engagement. Designers can go further and persuade users. The design practice of persuasive design revolves around affecting people indirectly by changing attitudes or behaviors through product features or service characteristics. This has been utilized in various fields with great success. The field of sustainability has become a new theme of study with the goal of influencing user behavior toward more sustainable actions. Researchers have claimed that persuasive design is an effective way to change behaviors and could be utilized to reach different sustainability goals with websites being a viable medium for this. Frameworks for the entirety of the design process have been suggested but there seems to be a lack of literature on guidelines for existing sustainability website designs. This thesis aims to provide guidelines for websites of sustainability-related projects by researching the involvement of similar projects through people’s experiences, motivations, and intentions along with identifying persuasive design characteristics that can increase engagement. The resulting guidelines will be useful for existing designs of websites for sustainability-related projects to increase its persuasive power. A literature review was conducted along with empirical methods of data collection such as a survey, semi-structured interviews, and competition analysis. Theory of planned behavior (TPB), Fogg Behavior Model (FBM), and the Persuasive Systems Design model (PSD) were utilized as theoretical frameworks for collecting data. The empirical methods results were analyzed through a table connecting the theoretical frameworks to understand the results. The findings suggested that people have strong motivations and positive attitudes toward sustainability-related projects but the involvement in such projects is affected by limited ability caused by different barriers. By optimizing the interactive system and applying the persuasive design characteristics, the barriers can be reduced, and the websites’ persuasive power can be increased. Five guidelines were suggested based on the empirical results. An evaluation of the guidelines was not conducted which is proposed as the next step for further research. / Grunden av en webbplats bör vara dess användbarhet och användarengagemang. Utifrån denna grund kan designers gå längre och övertala användare via webbplatsen. Persuasive design är ett tillvägagångssätt inom design vilket kretsar kring att indirekt påverka människors attityder eller beteenden genom produkt- eller tjänsteegenskaper. Detta tillvägagångssätt har använts framgångsrikt inom varierande områden. Hållbarhet har blivit ett nytt studietema med målet att påverka användarnas beteende mot mer hållbara åtgärder. Forskare har hävdat att persuasive design är ett effektivt sätt att förändra beteenden och skulle kunna användas för att nå olika hållbarhetsmål med webbplatser som ett möjligt medium för detta. Ramverk för hela designprocessen har föreslagits men det förefaller vara brist på litteratur om riktlinjer för befintlig design av hållbarhetsrelaterade webbplatser. Denna studie syftar till att ge riktlinjer åt webbplatser för hållbarhetsrelaterade projekt genom att undersöka involveringen av liknande projekt genom människors erfarenheter, motivationer och avsikter samt att identifiera övertalande egenskaper hos persuasive design som kan öka engagemang. De resulterande riktlinjerna kommer att vara användbara för befintliga designer av webbplatser för hållbarhetsrelaterade projekt för att öka dess övertalande kraft. En litteraturgenomgång utfördes tillsammans med empiriska metoder för datainsamling som semistrukturerade intervjuer, en enkät, samt en konkurrentanalys. Teorin om planerat beteende (TPB), Foggs beteendemodell (FBM), samt modellen för Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) användes som teoretiska ramverk för att samla in data. De empiriska metodernas resultat analyserades genom en tabell som kopplade samman de teoretiska ramarna för att förstå resultaten. Studiens slutresultat tyder på att människor har starka motivationer och positiva attityder till hållbarhetsrelaterade projekt men engagemanget i sådana projekt påverkas av begränsad förmåga orsakad av olika hinder. Genom att optimera det interaktiva systemet och tillämpa de övertalande designegenskaperna från persuasive design kan hindren minskas och webbplatsernas övertalande kraft kan ökas. Fem riktlinjer föreslogs baserat på de empiriska resultaten. En utvärdering av riktlinjerna har inte genomförts vilket föreslås som nästa steg för vidare forskning.

Context. This paper aims to investigate the potential of sustainable interaction system by employing persuasive design process. Sustainable Human Computer Interaction community (HCI) strives to find effective ways to change human behavior toward pro-environment. The sustainable HCI community seems to propose ambient display interface as one of its major interaction methods, which have an impact in quiet and static surroundings. However, when it comes to crowded public places where public resources are heavily wasted, ambient interfaces hardly get people’s attention and provide timely information to people. Goals. The author proposes an embodied sound interface as an alternative in the crowded places. The embodied sound interface serves to alert people at the right moment in a fun and pleasant way to induce people to engage in an intended behavior spontaneously. A sensor system prototype embedding an embodied sound interface, musical hand shaker (MHS), was developed aiming at reducing the use of paper towels. The MHS is placed near the water tap in a restroom and it respond with a music to the hand shaking of the user in front of the MHS. The system encourages people to experience how easy it is to save paper towel and do a green activity in their daily life. Methods. This study is grounded on three HCI fields: ambient information systems, affective interaction, and persuasive technology. The MHS prototype went through the persuasive design process which includes iterative steps of prototype implementation and evaluation. This design process centered on the eight steps of design process and Fogg behavior model. The persuasive qualities of embodied sound interface such as understandability, recognition of the system goal, and persistency of raised awareness of sustainability were examined. Results. The final outdoor evaluation in the restroom of a mall confirmed the impact of the MHS on people’s habit of using paper towels as well as its effectiveness of persuasion. Since it is a pilot study, there remain some unresolved issues and open questions for researcher in HCI and psychology fields.

No description available.

This study assessed music educators' health literacy, musician health literacy, and intentions to teach the health-related Fine Arts TEKS in ensembles. An online survey was developed using the integrated behavior model, Newest Vital Sign (NVS), and Musician Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHL-Q19). Texas music educators who taught secondary band, choir, or orchestra were recruited via email and social media. Results: This survey yielded N = 207 respondents, with 43%, 29%, 14.5%, and 13.5% teaching band, choir, orchestra, and multiple ensembles, respectively. Most participants (67.6%) demonstrated adequate health literacy by answering at least four items correctly on the NVS. Attitude (p =.47) and personal agency (p =.30) were significant predictors of behavioral intention, while perceived norm was not (R2 =.484). Including NVS total score and MHL-Q19 total score in the model showed that while both factors improved the model (ΔR2=.038), only NVS total score was significant (p =.26) in predicting behavioral intention. Music educators in this study had adequate health literacy, which may contribute to their intentions to teach health concepts in ensembles. However, future efforts to improve these intentions should focus on bolstering perceived norms and personal agency by providing music educators with opportunities to take charge of implementing these concepts in their classrooms while showing that other stakeholders (i.e., campus administration, parents of students, and music educator colleagues) are also invested in presenting health concepts to student-musicians.

許多企業的經理人一直在尋求有效的政策以促進員工彼此分享知識。在組織中實施激勵知識分享的政策，因為存在著許多的個人與組織的因素，兩者相互作用會影響組織的成員知識分享的行為，政策的效果很難掌握。在實務上，不同的組織激勵的政策或手段的效果，欲通過田野調查或實驗設計來評估政策所帶來效果及對組織成員行為的影響不容易實現。因此，本研究嘗試運用一項新穎的研究策略-代理人基塑模(agent-based modeling)，經由建構一個人造的世界來模擬組織成員知識分享的行為。在這個人造的社會中，研究者考慮了知識分享的報酬、組織成員的行為策略、行為策略的學習與適應機制、不同組織的群體能力水準、互動的網路、知識的選擇模式與不同的組織激勵政策設計等變數，藉以設計相關的實驗。模擬的結果產生了的幾項有趣的發現： (1) 當分享知識的報酬愈高時，代理人知識分享行為會愈多，無論是在那一種的互動網路、群體能力或分享知識的選擇模式的情況之下。(2) 代理人的互動網路是一項重要影響因素，互動網路扮演著知識流通與行為策略學習的管道，它同時會影響個體知識分享的報酬與行為策略的學習。它可能促成不分享的策略的擴散，可能會提升組織激勵的效果，也可能會增強激勵所帶來的副作用。(3) 個體的知識分享與吸收的能力如果存有差異，則能力較好的代理人將會局部地吸引能力較差的互動對象採用他的策略，即使他所用的不是可以獲致最佳報酬策略。(4) 為促進組織成員分享知識，定期審視固定獎勵的作法可以導致比較好的效果，不但可以提升分享知識的行為，也使代理人比較願意採用傾向分享知識的策略，促成組織信任的氣氛。但是，在某些情況下，可能造成反效果。(5) 最後，根據實驗的結果與研究的發現，研究者建構了一個知識分享之組織行為模型，以做為後續實證研究之參考架構。 / Mangers always look for effective policies to prompt knowledge sharing between members in an organization. It is difficult to evaluate the effect of incentive policies for stimulating knowledge sharing because there are many individual and organizational factors. In practice, it is not easy to assess the effects of different incentive policies or methods by the methods of experiment or field investigation. Therefore, a novel research strategy is applied in this study, which is called agent-based modeling. An artificial world was constructed to simulate the knowledge sharing interactions between members in an organization. This study considers some parameters including the payoff of knowledge sharing, the strategies of members, the learning and adaption mechanism of strategies, collective capabilities, interactive network, the selection methods of sharing knowledge and incentive policies to design experiments in the agent-based model. The results of simulations produced some interesting findings: (1) the higher the payoff of sharing knowledge, the more the actions of sharing knowledge is in spite of any kind of interactive networks, collective capabilities, and the selection methods of sharing knowledge. (2) Interactive Network of agents is an important factor, which plays a role of channel of knowledge transition and strategy learning. It simultaneously affects the payoff of knowledge sharing and learning of strategy. It maybe results in the diffusion of strategy of not sharing knowledge, or enhances the effect and side effect brought by incentive policies. (3) Because of difference between agents’ capabilities, agents with better capabilities will locally attract the ones with worse capabilities to learn their strategies, which even are not the best. (4) To enable sharing knowledge between members in an organization, periodic reward will get better results. It does not only increase the action of sharing knowledge, but also make agents to adop the strategies trending toward sharing knowledge. Periodic reward is helpful to form a trustful organization climate. However, in some circumstances, it may get minus effects. (5) Finally, according to experimental results and research findings, an organization behavior model of knowledge sharing has been constructed for the empirical studies in the future.