Esta dissertação apresenta uma pesquisa e uma série de análises realizadas com a finalidade de entender melhor o uso das bicicletas próprias e compartilhadas em São Paulo, cidade em que a infraestrutura cicloviária e os sistemas de bicicletas compartilhadas são recentes e ainda limitados. Através de análises descritivas e de modelos estatísticos, (1) foi realizada uma comparação das características dos usuários de bicicletas próprias com as dos usuários de bicicletas compartilhadas; (2) foi analisado o perfil dos ciclistas antes e depois da expansão da infraestrutura cicloviária e foram identificadas as diferenças comportamentais entre ciclistas recentes e experientes; (3) foram analisados os fatores associados à frequência do uso da bicicleta com motivo trabalho ou estudo e para demais finalidades e (4) foi analisada a escolha do uso da bicicleta compartilhada ou própria para uma determinada viagem. Os resultados indicam que a expansão da oferta de infraestrutura cicloviária parece estimular segmentos menos representativos da população, como mulheres e indivíduos de baixa renda, os quais não consideravam utilizar a bicicleta sem a existência de ciclovias. O tempo de viagem parece influenciar significativamente na frequência de uso de bicicleta, indicando que esse modo pode ser competitivo com os veículos motorizados em cidades grandes, densas e congestionadas. Também se observou que os sistemas de bicicletas compartilhadas desempenham um papel fundamental nas viagens multimodais e na atração de novos ciclistas. Os resultados servem de subsídios para tomadores de decisão na definição de estratégias que visam incentivar o uso da bicicleta. Assim, o estudo pode auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas para a bicicleta; por exemplo, incentivo à expansão dos sistemas de bicicletas compartilhadas ou melhorias e expansão da infraestrutura cicloviária nas cidades. / The current study presents a survey and a series of analyses performed in an effort to better understand the use of private and shared bicycles in Sao Paulo, a city where bicycle infrastructure and bicycle-sharing systems are recent and still limited. Using descriptive analysis and statistical models, we (1) compare the characteristics of private bicycle users and shared bicycle users; (2) analyze the profile of bicyclists before and after the expansion of dedicated infrastructure and identify behavioral differences between newcomers and experienced bicyclists; (3) analyze factors associated with frequencies of work and non-work bicycle trips, and (4) analyze the choice between using a private or a shared bicycle for a given trip. The results show that the expansion of bicycle infrastructure seems to stimulate underrepresented segments of the population, such as women and low-income individuals, to start cycling. Travel time seems to be an important predictor of bicycling frequency for both work and non-work purposes, suggesting that this mode can be very competitive with cars and transit in large, dense and congested cities. We also observe that shared bicycle systems play a fundamental role in multi-modal travel and in introducing new users to the bicycle mode. Results may subsidize policy making in defining strategies to stimulate the use of bicycles, such as introducing bike sharing systems and expanding and qualifying the cycling infrastructure.

Bicycling as an alternate mode of transportation has been on the rise. It is environmentally friendly in nature and the associated health benefits have made it a popular choice for many types of trips. The purpose of this research is to increase understanding of the impacts of implementing bicycle corridors (as part of the Utah Department of Transportation's (UDOT) Inclusion of Active Transportation policy) on bicycle rate as a function of roadway characteristics. The results of this research will be used in determining when and where bicycle corridors will enhance the transportation system and an estimate of the overall impact of bicycle corridors on travel demand in Utah. Data collection was fundamental in this research project in determining the impacts of bicycle corridors on travel demands in the state of Utah. With limited amount of commuting bicycle data available throughout the state, it was necessary to gather bicycle volume data on corridors with and without bicycle infrastructure. In order to accomplish this data collection effort, two primary methods were used to collect bicycle volume data. The first method was to use automatic bicycle counters on roadways that had bicycle infrastructure. The second method was to gather bicycle volume data through manual counts on roads with and without bicycle infrastructure. After the bicycle volume data were collected the data were analyzed to identify trends. The first step in the analysis was to convert the bicycle volumes into rates to provide a more uniform comparison. Several analyses were run including an analysis of bicycle rate compared to Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), bicycle rate compared to posted speed limit, bicycle rate compared to number of vehicle lanes, and bicycle rate compared to roadway classification. A comparison of sites with bicycle infrastructure to sites without bicycle infrastructure (non-bicycle infrastructure) was also conducted to identify relationships. Comparison of bicycle rates to AADT resulted in no correlation or statistical relationship in the data but the data do suggest trends. Statistically significant results did occur when comparing bicycle rates to posted speed limits. No statistically significant relationships occurred when comparing bicycle rates to the number of lanes or roadway classification. It was determined that roadways with bicycle infrastructure tend to yield higher bicycle rates than roadways that do not have bicycle infrastructure. Lastly, using shared use path data it is determined that bicycle rates on shared use paths have increased between 1.7 to 7.5 percent from 2013 to 2014 and it is assumed that a similar trend would exist on bicycle infrastructure in the communities.

Transportation planners need to assess users\' stress conditions on cycling infrastructures given that highly stressful situations can discourage the use of this sustainable transport mode. Not many studies have addressed the relationships between these environmental factors and users\' emotional responses in terms of objective measures of stress. The aim of this study is to explore a new approach for planning and evaluating cycling infrastructure, based on smart sensors. This new approach focuses on the perspective of monitoring parameters intrinsic to the user, such as emotions. In this perspective, the indicators of stress levels are made from directly measuring cyclists\' physiological responses throughout the journey. This approach makes use of technological resources to extract information from users through sensors and imparts this information in an integrated way to improve infrastructures for cyclists. The data were collected using stress and noise sensors, accelerometers embedded in a smartphone and a GPS. Initially, the problem is posed and we discuss how the design and evaluation of cycle paths has been addressed in the literature. The proposed approach identifies the most relevant contributions and research gaps, such as the lack of research based on objective criteria and research that involves designing and evaluating infrastructure scenarios shared with motor vehicles. In the sequence, an objective method for assessing bicycle infrastructures combining environmental assessment with vertical acceleration measurements was proposed in order to improving data collection and other procedures required for assessing the main components of cycling infrastructures. Subsequently, a tool to characterize traffic stress of cycling routes, called the Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), was validated with physiological measures in the urban context of a mediumsized Brazilian city. It was observed that there is no correlation and little agreement between the parameters. It is also emphasized that even when incorporating information about the traffic speed to the LTS tool, it was not significantly related to stress from the perspective of the cyclist. In the final analysis the influence of noise, vibration, cycle paths and period of day on stress experienced by cyclists was investigated. An analysis of the p-values and odds ratio confidence intervals shows, with a 95% confidence level, that only the period of the day influenced stress, as confirmed by the data. In this case, the chances of having stress increased by 24% in the afternoon rush hour compared to the morning rush hour. This study showed the feasibility of stress assessment in cyclists using an objective measurement method, as well as quick identification of critical levels of stress. / Os planejadores de transporte precisam avaliar as condições de estresse dos usuários em infraestruturas cicloviárias, uma vez que situações de alto estresse podem desencorajar o uso deste modo de transporte sustentável. Poucas pesquisas têm questionado se existe alguma relação entre esses fatores ambientais e a resposta emocional em termos de medidas objetivas do estresse. O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar a incorporação de sensores inteligentes no planejamento e avaliação da infraestrutura cicloviária. Essa nova abordagem é focada na perspectiva de monitorar parâmetros intrínsecos ao usuário, como as emoções. Nesta perspectiva, os indicadores dos níveis de estresse são feitos a partir da medição direta de respostas fisiológicas em ciclistas ao longo do percurso. Essa abordagem aproveita os recursos tecnológicos para extrair informações dos usuários e permitir o uso dessas informações de forma integrada para melhorar a infraestrutura dos ciclistas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de sensores de estresse, de ruído e acelerômetros incorporados a um smartphone e GPS. Inicialmente é apresentado o problema e como o projeto e avaliação das ciclovias tem sido abordada na literatura. A abordagem proposta permitiu identificar as contribuições mais relevantes e as lacunas de pesquisa, tais como, a falta de pesquisas baseadas em critérios de objetivos e a falta de pesquisas que envolvam o desenho e a avaliação de cenários de infraestrutura compartilhados com veículos automotores. Em seguida foi proposto um método objetivo de avaliação de infraestruturas cicloviárias, combinando a avaliação ambiental com medições de aceleração vertical, a fim de melhorar a coleta de dados e outros procedimentos necessários para avaliar os principais componentes das infraestruturas cicloviárias. Na sequência uma ferramenta para caracterizar o estresse de tráfego de ciclovias, denominada Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), foi validada com medidas fisiológicas no contexto urbano de uma cidade brasileira de porte médio. Observou-se que não há correlação e há pouca concordância entre esses parâmetros. Ressalta-se ainda que, mesmo ao incorporar informações de velocidade de tráfego à ferramenta LTS, não foi significativamente relacionado com estresse medido sob a perspectiva do ciclista. Por fim, foi investigada a influência do ruído, vibração, presencia ou ausência de ciclovias e período do dia no estresse experimentado pelos ciclistas. Uma análise dos valores de p e dos intervalos de confiança das razões de chances mostraram, com um nível de confiança de 95%, que apenas o período do dia influenciou o estresse. Neste caso, as chances de ter estresse aumentaram em 24% na hora pico da tarde em comparação com a hora pico da manhã. Este estudo mostrou a viabilidade da avaliação do estresse em ciclistas por meio de um método de medida objetiva além da rápida identificação dos níveis críticos de estresse.

Transportation planners need to assess users\' stress conditions on cycling infrastructures given that highly stressful situations can discourage the use of this sustainable transport mode. Not many studies have addressed the relationships between these environmental factors and users\' emotional responses in terms of objective measures of stress. The aim of this study is to explore a new approach for planning and evaluating cycling infrastructure, based on smart sensors. This new approach focuses on the perspective of monitoring parameters intrinsic to the user, such as emotions. In this perspective, the indicators of stress levels are made from directly measuring cyclists\' physiological responses throughout the journey. This approach makes use of technological resources to extract information from users through sensors and imparts this information in an integrated way to improve infrastructures for cyclists. The data were collected using stress and noise sensors, accelerometers embedded in a smartphone and a GPS. Initially, the problem is posed and we discuss how the design and evaluation of cycle paths has been addressed in the literature. The proposed approach identifies the most relevant contributions and research gaps, such as the lack of research based on objective criteria and research that involves designing and evaluating infrastructure scenarios shared with motor vehicles. In the sequence, an objective method for assessing bicycle infrastructures combining environmental assessment with vertical acceleration measurements was proposed in order to improving data collection and other procedures required for assessing the main components of cycling infrastructures. Subsequently, a tool to characterize traffic stress of cycling routes, called the Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), was validated with physiological measures in the urban context of a mediumsized Brazilian city. It was observed that there is no correlation and little agreement between the parameters. It is also emphasized that even when incorporating information about the traffic speed to the LTS tool, it was not significantly related to stress from the perspective of the cyclist. In the final analysis the influence of noise, vibration, cycle paths and period of day on stress experienced by cyclists was investigated. An analysis of the p-values and odds ratio confidence intervals shows, with a 95% confidence level, that only the period of the day influenced stress, as confirmed by the data. In this case, the chances of having stress increased by 24% in the afternoon rush hour compared to the morning rush hour. This study showed the feasibility of stress assessment in cyclists using an objective measurement method, as well as quick identification of critical levels of stress. / Os planejadores de transporte precisam avaliar as condições de estresse dos usuários em infraestruturas cicloviárias, uma vez que situações de alto estresse podem desencorajar o uso deste modo de transporte sustentável. Poucas pesquisas têm questionado se existe alguma relação entre esses fatores ambientais e a resposta emocional em termos de medidas objetivas do estresse. O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar a incorporação de sensores inteligentes no planejamento e avaliação da infraestrutura cicloviária. Essa nova abordagem é focada na perspectiva de monitorar parâmetros intrínsecos ao usuário, como as emoções. Nesta perspectiva, os indicadores dos níveis de estresse são feitos a partir da medição direta de respostas fisiológicas em ciclistas ao longo do percurso. Essa abordagem aproveita os recursos tecnológicos para extrair informações dos usuários e permitir o uso dessas informações de forma integrada para melhorar a infraestrutura dos ciclistas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de sensores de estresse, de ruído e acelerômetros incorporados a um smartphone e GPS. Inicialmente é apresentado o problema e como o projeto e avaliação das ciclovias tem sido abordada na literatura. A abordagem proposta permitiu identificar as contribuições mais relevantes e as lacunas de pesquisa, tais como, a falta de pesquisas baseadas em critérios de objetivos e a falta de pesquisas que envolvam o desenho e a avaliação de cenários de infraestrutura compartilhados com veículos automotores. Em seguida foi proposto um método objetivo de avaliação de infraestruturas cicloviárias, combinando a avaliação ambiental com medições de aceleração vertical, a fim de melhorar a coleta de dados e outros procedimentos necessários para avaliar os principais componentes das infraestruturas cicloviárias. Na sequência uma ferramenta para caracterizar o estresse de tráfego de ciclovias, denominada Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), foi validada com medidas fisiológicas no contexto urbano de uma cidade brasileira de porte médio. Observou-se que não há correlação e há pouca concordância entre esses parâmetros. Ressalta-se ainda que, mesmo ao incorporar informações de velocidade de tráfego à ferramenta LTS, não foi significativamente relacionado com estresse medido sob a perspectiva do ciclista. Por fim, foi investigada a influência do ruído, vibração, presencia ou ausência de ciclovias e período do dia no estresse experimentado pelos ciclistas. Uma análise dos valores de p e dos intervalos de confiança das razões de chances mostraram, com um nível de confiança de 95%, que apenas o período do dia influenciou o estresse. Neste caso, as chances de ter estresse aumentaram em 24% na hora pico da tarde em comparação com a hora pico da manhã. Este estudo mostrou a viabilidade da avaliação do estresse em ciclistas por meio de um método de medida objetiva além da rápida identificação dos níveis críticos de estresse.

In cities all over the globe, bicycle-sharing systems are being implemented as a way of promoting bicycling as the primary mode of transportation. Cities encourage the residents to bicycle as a way of improving local environments and reducing traffic congestion. A step in this direction is providing a bicycle-sharing system, which increases the accessibility and mobility in a city. For the availability of a bicycle-sharing system to be maximized, the locations of the docking stations must be carefully selected and analyzed. Several studies have been conducted where the availability of bicycle-sharing systems have been evaluated, using different approaches. However, no studies have been conducted in Stockholm on the newly established Stockholm eBikes bicycle-sharing system. Thus, this thesis aims to evaluate the location of bicycle-sharing stations and determine the most suitable locations of those in Stockholm. This is done through a GIS-based MCDM method which applies an Analytical Hierarchy Process to weigh the criteria that must be considered. The analysis is done in QGIS, an open-source GIS-software, with data from OpenStreetMap and local data sources. The results indicate that the suitability of the current bicycle-sharing stations in Stockholm is high considering the analyzed criteria. Further, a suggestion is given for locations where the suitability for bicycle-sharing stations is high. This suggestion proposes new locations in Stockholm where a bicycle- sharing station could increase the availability of the bicycle-sharing system as well as the mobility in the city.

För att skapa ett hållbart transportsystem och uppnå en förändrad färdmedelsfördelning finns det nationella målsättningar om att öka andelen persontransporter med gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafik till minst 25 procent 2025. En satsning på dessa färdmedel går också i linje med Sveriges miljömål och etappmålet om att minska transportsektorns klimatutsläpp med 70 procent till 2030 jämfört med utsläppsnivån 2010. Många kommuner har därför som mål att öka resorna med de hållbara transportslagen. För att möjliggöra detta är en ökad planering och utbyggnad av infrastrukturen för dessa färdmedel viktig och i flera kommuner görs det idag gatuombyggnader för att skapa mer utrymme till de hållbara transportslagen. När åtgärder för att förbättra infrastrukturen ska genomföras ställs olika intressen och funktioner mot varandra och prioriteringar måste göras. Detta leder till intressekonflikter mellan de olika trafikslagen, men också mellan de olika trafikslagen och andra intressen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vad det finns för intressekonflikter mellan cykeltrafiken och andra intressen i gaturummet, vad som händer om utrymmesbehovet för cykeltrafiken hamnar i konflikt med andra behov och intressen och hur detta hanteras av ett antal kommuner. Detta har undersökts genom en metodkombination bestående av en enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Både respondenterna och intervjudeltagarna arbetar vid kommuner som är med i föreningen Svenska Cykelstäder, en förening som arbetar för ökad, bättre och säkrare cykling. Intervjuerna utgör grunden i studien medan enkätundersökningen har varit ett sätt att skapa förståelse för om, och i så fall på vilket sätt olika kommuner upplever att det finns intressekonflikter mellan cykeltrafiken och andra behov och intresse och hur dessa vanligtvis hanteras.  Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att alla respondenter upplever att det finns intressekonflikter mellan cykeltrafiken och andra intressen. Studien visar att det finns intressekonflikter mellan cykeltrafik och biltrafik, kollektivtrafik samt gångtrafik. Det finns också intressekonflikter mellan cykeltrafik och andra intressen såsom stadsliv, grönytor, yta för dagvattenhantering och exploatering. Studien visar också att trots nationella målsättningar som handlar om att prioritera de hållbara transportslagen så är steget från strategi eller ambition till genomförande inte självklart. Bilnormen är fortfarande stark, vilket medför att det är svårt att genomföra åtgärder som förbättrar för cykeltrafiken som sker på bekostnad av biltrafiken. Studien visar att cykeltrafiken har svårt att hävda sig gentemot biltrafik och kollektivtrafik, vilket resulterar i att cykeltrafiken nedprioriteras i gaturummet där det redan är trångt. Detta förklaras med hjälp av teorierna stigberoende och urban space wars. Studien visar också att det underlag som de tillfrågade kommunerna har för att hantera intressekonflikter är vanligtvis kommunernas riktlinjer för hur cykeltrafikens infrastruktur ska utformas. Där anges vilka standarder och bredder som cykelvägnätet ska ha, vilket innebär att det underlag som finns för att hantera intressekonflikter är begränsat. / To enable a sustainable transport system and achieve a changed distribution of means of transport, there are national objectives to increase the proportion of passenger transport by foot, bicycle and public transport to at least 25 percent by 2025. An investment in these means of transport is also in line with Sweden's environmental goals and the milestone goal of reducing the transport sector's climate emissions by 70 percent by 2030 compared to the emission level in 2010. Many municipalities therefore aim to increase journeys with sustainable modes of transport. In order to make this possible, increased planning and expansion of the infrastructure for these means of transport is important, and in several municipalities’ street reconstruction is currently being done to create more space for the sustainable modes of transport. When measures to improve the infrastructure are being implemented, different interests and needs are placed against each other, and priorities must be defined. This results in a conflict of interest between the different means of transport, but also between the different means of transport and other interests. The purpose of the essay is to investigate what conflicts of interest exist between bicycle traffic and other interests in the street space, what happens if the need for space for bicycle traffic ends up in conflict with other needs and interests, and how this is handled by a number of municipalities. This has been investigated through a combination of methods consisting of a survey and interviews. Both the respondents and the interview participants work at municipalities that are part of the association Svenska Cykelstäder, an association that works for increased, better and safer cycling. The interviews form the basis of the study, while the survey has been a way of creating an understanding of whether, and if so in what way, different municipalities feel that there are conflicts of interest between bicycle traffic and other needs and interests and how these are usually handled. The results of the survey show that all respondents feel that there are conflicts of interest between bicycle traffic and other interests. The study shows that there are conflicts of interest between bicycle traffic and car traffic, public transport and pedestrian traffic. There are also conflicts of interest between bicycle traffic and other interests such as urban life, green spaces, surface for stormwater management and urban development. The study also shows that despite national goals that deal with prioritizing the sustainable modes of transport, the step from strategy or ambition to implementation is not obvious. The car norm is still strong, which means that it is difficult to implement measures that improve bicycle traffic at the expense of car traffic. The study shows that bicycle traffic has difficulty asserting itself against car traffic and public transport, which results in bicycle traffic being deprioritized in the street space which is already crowded. This is explained using the theories of path dependence and urban space wars. The study also shows that the basis that the municipalities have for handling conflicts of interest are usually the municipalities' guidelines for how the bicycle traffic infrastructure should be designed. It specifies the standards and widths that the bicycle road network should have, which means that the guidelines available for handling conflicts of interest are limited.

No description available.

With the increasingly undeniable severity of the global climate crisis, changes must be made to limit the negative effects of transportation. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the car has taken over the infrastructure of cities and their designs. The bicycle has become a leading hope for sustainable transportation within cities. Different strategies and methods for encouraging the switch from car to bike include penalties for car use (such as high parking fees etc.) or incentives for bike use (such as prioritized bike infrastructure).   This thesis focuses on the role of bicycle infrastructure in promoting the bicycle as a sustainable mode of transportation, especially as an alternative to the car. This is achieved through a case study on the City of Malmö, by reviewing their strategic documents, interviews with traffic planners and the chairman of the Malmö-Lund chapter of Cykelfrämjandet (an organisation for the promotion of bicycles), and an analysis of current bike paths in Malmö.  The city of Malmö is building to change the context of mobility through restructuring the infrastructure of the city towards more sustainable transportation. By changing the layout of the main streets of the city into more active urban areas with priority for pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transportation they will be reclaimed as public spaces. Speeds will be lower and crossings more frequent to create a safer, more attractive, and more sustainable city landscape. The bicycle is to be further prioritised through extensive development of the network of bike paths and the implementation of superbike paths. This extended accessibility will give the bike further competitiveness towards car users.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Erfahrungen von Dreiradfahrer_innen im deutschsprachigen Raum (vorwiegend Deutschland) untersucht, die mit Hilfe eines Online-Fragebogens erhoben wurden. Die betrachteten Themenfelder sind: Nutzungsgründe und -häufigkeit, Infrastruktur für den fließenden und ruhenden Radverkehr, Benutzungspflicht von Radwegen, Interaktion mit anderen Verkehrsteilnehmer_innen und mit Passant_innen sowie Verkehrssicherheit. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen gegeben, wie Infrastruktur für Dreiradfahrer attraktiver gestaltet werden kann, um die Verbreitung der Fahrzeuge zu fördern.:1 Ziel der Arbeit 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 2.1 Begriffsbestimmungen 2.1.1 Fahrräder, Pedelecs, E-Bikes 2.1.2 Dreiräder 2.2 Verbreitung und Potentiale von Dreirädern 2.2.1 Verbreitung von Dreirädern 2.2.2 Potentiale 2.3 Bisherige Forschung 2.4 Fachliche Grundlagen 2.4.1 Fahrradnutzung 2.4.2 Infrastruktur für den Fließenden Verkehr 2.4.3 Benutzungspflicht und genutzte Infrastruktur 2.4.4 Infrastruktur für den ruhenden Verkehr 2.4.5 Verhältnis zu anderen Verkehrsteilnehmern 2.4.6 Persönliche Interaktion 2.4.7 Unfallgeschehen 2.4.8 Alternatives Verhalten 2.5 Eingrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes 2.6 Bezug zu Fahrradanhängern 3 Methode 3.1 Untersuchungsdesign 3.2 Ablauf der Untersuchung 3.3 Aufbau und Inhalt des Fragebogens 3.3.1 Allgemeines 3.3.2 Antwortformate, Skalen 3.3.3 Fragebogenvariante für Dreiradfahrer 3.4 Stichprobe 3.4.1 Stichprobenumfang 3.4.2 Demographische Angaben 3.4.3 Mobilitätsalternativen 3.4.4 Genutzte Dreiradmodelle 4 Ergebnisse 4.1 Zwei- und Dreiradnutzung 4.1.1 Gründe, ausschlieÿlich Dreirad zu fahren 4.1.2 Vor- und Nachteile von Dreirädern 4.1.3 Häufigkeit der Fahrradnutzung 4.2 Probleme mit der Infrastruktur für den Fließenden Radverkehr 4.2.1 Freie Nennungen 4.2.2 Grad der Störung 4.2.3 Zwei- und Dreirad im Vergleich 4.2.4 Vergleich der Fragestellungen 4.3 Genutzte Infrastruktur und Benutzungspflicht 4.3.1 Kenntnis der Rechtslage und Verhalten der Polizei 4.3.2 Genutzte Infrastruktur 4.4 Infrastruktur für den ruhenden Verkehr 4.4.1 Parken über Nacht 4.4.2 Parken am Ziel 4.5 Verhältnis zu anderen Verkehrsteilnehmern 4.5.1 Allgemeine Aussagen 4.5.2 Vergleich Zwei- und Dreirad 4.6 Persönliche Interaktion 4.6.1 Reaktion Fremder auf Dreiräder 4.6.2 Reaktion der Dreiradfahrer auf Blicke und Kommentare 4.7 Unfallgeschehen 5 Diskussion 5.1 Zwei- und Dreiradnutzung 5.2 Probleme mit der Infrastruktur für den fließenden (Rad-)verkehr 5.2.1 Ergebnisse der Umfrage 5.2.2 Vorschläge für Breiten von Radverkehrsanlagen 5.2.3 Poller und Umlaufsperren 5.3 Genutzte Infrastruktur und Benutzungspflicht 5.4 Infrastruktur für den ruhenden Verkehr 5.4.1 Ergebnisse der Umfrage 5.4.2 Attraktive Anlagen für das Abstellen von Dreirädern 5.5 Verhältnis zu anderen Verkehrsteilnehmern 5.6 Persönliche Interaktion 5.7 Unfallgeschehen 5.8 Alternatives Verhalten 5.9 Weiche Maßnahmen zur Förderung des Dreiradfahrens 5.10 Schwächen und Fehler des Fragebogens 5.11 Weiterer Forschungs-/Untersuchungsbedarf