Die Arbeit untersucht in zeittheoretischer Perspektive, in welcher Weise subjektives Zeitempfinden und sozial gestaltete Zeitrahmen deviantes Verhalten Jugendlicher strukturiert. Dazu werden in den ersten Kapiteln sozialwissenschaftliche Zeittheorien vorgestellt. Im Mittelpunkt der Dissertation steht die Rekonstruktion individueller Zeitmodi. Grundlage ist eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie. Neben relevanten Einstellungen und Alltagspraktiken werden auch Verlaufsformen und Konsequenzen im Zusammenhang mit dem Statusübergang von der Schule in den Beruf thematisiert. Besondere Beachtung findet das Phänomen der Langeweile bzw. der Umgang damit. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung sozial vermittelter Zeitgestaltung in bezug auf deviantes Handeln zusammengefasst. / Set in a theoretical perspective of time the dissertation focuses on how deviant behavior of adolescents is structured by subjective perception of time and socially-managed time frameworks. Accordingly, the first chapters survey sociological theories of time. The main focus of the dissertation is on the reconstruction of individual time schemes. Based on a longitudinal study, the dissertation deals with relevant attitudes and everyday conduct as well as process patterns and consequences in the context of changeover of status from school to occupation. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of boredom and how it is dealt with. In conclusion the meaning of socially-managed time is summarized in relation to deviant behavior.

Individuals are required to manage multiple tasks which require strategic allocation of time and effort to ensure goals are reached efficiently. By providing the worker with autonomy over their work, performance and worker well-being have improved. This increased control allows individuals to organize work according to the needs of the body, which prevents fatigue leading to improved productivity. When given the option, humans tend to switch between tasks frequently. This behaviour can be used to determine the change in self-regulation strategies. An understanding of human task-switching behaviour is important for the design of job rotation systems. However, there is a lack of evidence explaining the factors motivating the need to switch between tasks. This study aims to use physiological, subjective and behavioural measures to explain the factors influencing selfregulation through the act of task-switching. Three primary hypotheses were developed to explain the factors underlying taskswitching behaviour. It was hypothesized that the degree of boredom experienced, the effort required to perform the task and the resource usage induced by the task are factors responsible in deciding task switching behaviour. Participants (17 males and 17 females) switched freely between five different information-processing tasks for the 45 minutes. Participants were allowed to switch back and forth between tasks and did not have to conduct all five tasks. The following measures were recorded during the experiment: subjective measures of boredom, mental effort, task frustration and perceived performance of the tasks; energy consumption and physiological measures of effort (HR, HRV and body temperature) and behavioural measures, including duration and frequency of task. Perceived boredom was found to differ among the tasks and before and after the experiment. The average boredom rating at each task transition for all tasks exceeded a score of 2.5 out of a possible 4. There were no significant changes in physiological measures between the beginning and end of the task trials. However, changes in physiological measures showed a decrease in effort investment following task transition. Heart rate variability was lower for externally-paced tasks than for self-paced tasks, despite the differences in cognitive demands. The most frequent task-switch combination occurred between tasks of high and low cognitive demand. The least frequent task-switching combination occurred between tasks of similar characteristics, which produced no differences in physiological responses. Task-switching behaviour was influenced by the degree of boredom, and therefore more time was spent on less monotonous tasks. The level of physiological effort required for the task affected task-switching behaviour. Task switches were made before any changes in effort took place in an attempt to maintain task efficiency. It appears plausible that a task switch was made to reduce effort investment and activation levels. The type of information processing resources used by different tasks affected the task-switching combinations. Individuals tended to switch between tasks of differing resources so that those in limited supply were able to replenish. Therefore the findings from this study can potentially be used to improve the design of job rotation systems. Such improvements may enhance productivity and worker well-being by inhibiting the onset of down regulation and fatigue processes. This study showed that autonomy is necessary for individuals to regulate behaviour to suit human needs. / Microsoft� Office Word 2007 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

The thesis deals with problems of lifestyle in context of increasing of consumption and manifestations of consumerism in leisure behavior of young generation. The work attends to characterization of lifestyle and leisere time and consumerism and the main marks of the world of contemporary youth, lifestyle of young generation and factors of lifestyle. The last chapter of theoretical part deals with phenomenon of boredom, leisure consume and leisure activities. The practical part deals with leisure activities and consumption of population.

This research report focuses on an investigation into the prevalence and nature of boredom in Grade 10 Mathematics classrooms in the Grahamstown region, South Africa. Boredom seems to be strongly evident in our classrooms. Quantitative data was derived from an initial survey questionnaire while semi-structured interviews were used to elicit qualitative data. The data from the survey was analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics. The quantitative data was categorised according to the structure of the survey. The data was represented in bar graphs and then discussed accordingly. In the final narrative I infused extracts from the interviews with my quantitative analysis. The qualitative data was analysed and coded according to different categories and themes that emerged through repeated engagement with the interview transcripts. The findings revealed that boredom is a common problem in the 8 Grade 10 Mathematics schools in the Grahamstown region and this finding answered my first research question. To answer my second research question, the results showed that learners were bored due to many factors, such as; lack of understanding, repetition and the teacher’s actions and many more. My findings align with what is highlighted by Nett, Goetz, & Hall. (2011) that many learners from particularly the senior secondary schools frequently report episodes of boredom. The study recommends that teachers make their teaching more interesting, much use of concrete teaching materials and make mathematics tasks to be relevant and real.

In this ethnographic study of “Volvo greasers” [Volvoraggare] in a peri-urban community in Sweden, risk-taking practices with motor vehicles, such as speeding and drifting, are explored and analyzed in relation to age, gender, class and place. Young men’s risk-taking with motor vehicles regularly generates public debate as a traffic safety issue, often resulting in various policy suggestions, such as curfews or raising of the driving licence age. Seldom are these suggested solutions based on critical ethnographic research where intersections of age, gender, class and place are highlighted. The study is based on ethnographic fieldwork, that is, participant observation, and informal and formal interviews, with greaser men and women between the ages of 15 and 19, as well as formal interviews with pupils at the local high school and with youth centre staff in the local community. The study has two overarching aims. The first is empirical: to make visible an under-studied area of contemporary youth culture in Sweden – the (Volvo) greasers. In order to understand how the greasers’ risk-taking with vehicles is manifested, talked about and practised, the thesis critically engages with the contexts of the risk-taking practices and their effects at both the material and the discursive levels. The second aim is theoretical. Through contextualization as an analytical tool, a theoretical contribution of the thesis is the development of a situated concept of risk‐taking. The thesis illustrates how intersecting norms and conceptions around age, gender, class and place are practised at the local level, thus highlighting the social character of risk--‐taking practices. A central analytical notion is the greasers’ negotiation of place, developed through the concept of spatial boredom, which affects their construction of personhood and their social practices. In light of this, the thesis suggests that situated risk-taking with motor vehicles benefit from being formulated as violations, which furthers the understanding of young people’s risk-taking practices with motor vehicles and paves the way for more multi-faceted discussions in theory, as well as in practice and policy-making around traffic safety. / I denna etnografiska studie av "Volvoraggare" i ett stadsnära samhälle i Sverige undersöks risktagande praktiker med motorfordon, såsom fortkörning och sladdande, och analyseras i förhållande till ålder, kön, klass och plats. Unga mäns risktagande med motorfordon genererar ofta offentlig debatt som en trafiksäkerhetsfråga, vilket har resulterat i olika politiska förslag som t.ex. utegångsförbud eller höjning av körkortsåldern. Sällan är dessa föreslagna lösningar baserade på kritisk etnografisk forskning där intersektioner av ålder, kön, klass och plats studeras. Studien är baserad på etnografiskt fältarbete, det vill säga deltagande observation och informella och formella intervjuer med unga raggare, män och kvinnor, i åldern 15 till 19, samt intervjuer med elever från det lokala högstadiet och med personal på den lokala fritidsgården. Studien har två övergripande syften. Det första syftet med studien är empiriskt: att synliggöra ett understuderat område av samtida ungdomskultur i Sverige --‐ (Volvo) raggare. För att förstå hur raggarnas risktagande med fordon manifesteras, talas om och praktiseras, diskuterar avhandlingen kontexten för och effekterna av de risktagande praktikerna på materiell och diskursiv nivå. Det andra syftet är teoretiskt. Med hjälp av kontextualisering som ett analytiskt verktyg är ett av avhandlingens teoretiska bidrag en vidareutveckling av risktagande som ett situerat begrepp. Avhandlingen visar hur normer och föreställningar kring ålder, kön, klass och plats praktiseras på lokal nivå och belyser därmed de risktagande praktikernas sociala karaktär. Ett centralt analytiskt begrepp för att förstå raggarnas förhandling med plats är rumslig tristess, vilket påverkar deras konstruktion av personskap och deras sociala praktiker. Mot bakgrund av detta föreslår avhandlingen att situerat risktagande med motorfordon bör omformuleras som kränkningar, vilket ytterligare skulle utveckla förståelsen av ungdomars risktagande praktiker med motorfordon och bana väg för en mer mångfacetterad diskussion inom såväl teori som inom trafiksäkerhetspraktik och ‐politik.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise est une mise en scène du mode flâneur et une ébauche des articulations de ce qui participe de l'essence de la flânerie en général. Il tente d’établir la constellation du flâneur à partir de textes où ce dernier est représenté et puise son inspiration principale des travaux critiques et des textes de fiction de Walter Benjamin sur le flâneur et la ville. Le flâneur n’est pas son moyen mais sa fin. Ce mémoire est un travail pluridisciplinaire fidèle au modus operandi de Benjamin et se déploie comme représentation de son objet plutôt que description. Il est construit et pensé selon une vision phénoménologique et s’articule autour de certains ensembles traditionnels comme le faire et le non-faire, l’espace et le temps, auxquels s’ajoutent les concepts de Benjamin d’expérience et d’expérience vécue, du proche et du lointain et de la trace et de l’aura. Il est traversé par les problèmes de présentation de la littérature philosophique et s’y dérobe par une présentation elle-même flâneuse. C’est un travail qui concilie la flânerie en soi et la flânerie dans le discours, celle du corps et celle de la pensée, et qui admet que le résultat de celle-ci comme de celle-là est inséparable du chemin y menant. / This M.A. thesis is a mise en scène of the mode flâneur and characterizes the articulations of what pertains to the essence of flânerie en general. It attempts to establish the constellation of the flâneur based on texts in which the term and the notion appear; it draws its main inspiration from Walter Benjamin’s argumentative essays and fictional texts about the flâneur and the city. The flâneur is not the study’s means but its end. This thesis is a multidisciplinary work loyal to Benjamin’s modus operandi and unfolds a representation of its object rather than a description. It is constructed and conceived according to a phenomenological view and revolves around traditional pairs such as doing and non-doing, time and space, to which are added the Benjamin’s concepts of experience (Erfahrung) and lived experience (Erlebnis), of near and far as well as trace and aura. It is preoccupied with questions that concern modes of philosophical presentation itself; it proceeds by adopting a flâneur discourse of analysis. It is a work that reconciles the concept and discourse in two flâneries, one of the body and one of the mind, and that admits that the result of this double flânerie is inseparable from the path leading to it.

[ES] El aburrimiento es una sensación desagradable y los seres humanos lo experimentan en la vida cotidiana, en el trabajo, en el entretenimiento, o en la educación y la cultura. En dicha investigación, pretendemos explorar la poética del aburrimiento en el arte contemporáneo a través de la indagación en el formalismo y en el conceptualismo, rastreando cómo el aburrimiento afecta a la producción artística, conformándose como una estrategia del arte e influyendo en el espectador. Para realizar este trabajo, iniciamos el estudio de los recursos filosóficos, sociológicos y literarios relacionados con el aburrimiento, con el fin de configurar su rostro y valor. Después, a través de este entendimiento del aburrimiento, rastreamos su manifestación en el arte. Descubrimos que, en efecto, tradicionalmente la impresión establecida del arte ha sido una simulación de ilusión, creando un mundo asombroso en medio de la representación ilusionista de la realidad y la imaginación. Sin embargo, desde las vanguardias, el arte ha roto este lenguaje de la representación ilusionista y ha propuesto otro lenguaje basado en el conceptualismo y en la experiencia pura visual abstracta. Tales rupturas y conflictos con el arte convencional también llevan consigo la posibilidad del aburrimiento en el arte, donde el arte a primera vista ya no es visualmente comprensible y tampoco se basa plenamente en la representación visual. Además, hallamos este vínculo significativo del aburrimiento concretamente en el "Manifiesto Dadá", en el que declara la intención de derrotar el aburrimiento del arte convencional. Sin embargo y paradójicamente el dadaísmo introdujo aquel lenguaje del aburrimiento en el arte, influyendo posteriormente en el arte contemporáneo. Es así que, con el análisis de diversos artistas y estrategias estéticas que utilizan el aburrimiento, revelamos la poética del aburrimiento en el arte contemporáneo. / [CA] L'avorriment és una sensació desagradable i els éssers humans l'experimenten en la vida quotidiana, en el treball, l'entreteniment, o l'educació i la cultura. En aquesta investigació, pretenem explorar la poètica de l'avorriment en l'art contemporani a través de la indagació en el formalisme i en el conceptualisme, rastrejant com l'avorriment afecta a la producció artística, conformant-se com una estratègia de l'art i influint en l'espectador. Per a fer aquest treball, iniciem l'estudi dels recursos filosòfics, sociològics i literaris relacionats amb l'avorriment, amb la finalitat de configurar el seu rostre i valor. Després, a través d'aquest enteniment de l'avorriment, rastregem la seua manifestació en l'art. Descobrim que, en efecte, tradicionalment la impressió establida de l'art ha sigut una simulació d'il·lusió, creant un món sorprenent enmig de la representació il·lusionista de la realitat i la imaginació. No obstant això, des de les avantguardes, l'art ha trencat aquest llenguatge de la representació il·lusionista i ha proposat un altre llenguatge basat en el conceptualisme i en l'experiència pura visual abstracta. Tals ruptures i conflictes amb l'art convencional també porten amb si la possibilitat de l'avorriment en l'art, on l'art a primera vista ja no és visualment comprensible i tampoc es basa plenament en la representació visual. A més, trobem aquest vincle significatiu de l'avorriment concretament en el "Manifest Dadà", en el qual declara la intenció de derrotar l'avorriment de l'art convencional. No obstant això i paradoxalment el dadaisme va introduir aquell llenguatge de l'avorriment en l'art, influint posteriorment en l'art contemporani. És així que, amb l'anàlisi de diversos artistes i estratègies estètiques que utilitzen l'avorriment, revelem la poètica de l'avorriment en l'art contemporani. / [EN] Boredom is an unpleasant feeling that is experienced by human beings in everyday life, in work, entertainment, education, and culture. In this research, we intend to explore the poetics of boredom in contemporary art through the investigation of formalism and conceptualism, tracing how boredom affects artistic production, turns into an art strategy, and affects the viewer. To carry out this work, we began with the study of philosophical, sociological, and literary resources related to boredom in order to configure its features and value. Later, through this understanding of boredom, we traced its manifestation in art. We discovered that, indeed, traditionally the established impression of art has been a simulation of illusion, creating an amazing world between the illusionistic representation of reality and imagination. However, since the avant-gardes, art has broken this language of illusionist representation and has proposed another language based on conceptualism and pure abstract visual experience. Such ruptures and conflicts with conventional art also bring with them the possibility of boredom in art, where art at first sight is no longer visually understandable and also does not completely depend on visual representation. In addition, we find this significant link between boredom and art specifically in the "Dada Manifesto," which declares the aim of defeating boredom in conventional art. However, paradoxically, Dadaism introduced strategies of boredom into art, which subsequently became influential in contemporary art. Thus, with the analysis of various artists and aesthetic strategies involved with boredom, we have revealed the poetics of boredom in contemporary art. / Lee, CY. (2023). Una aproximación a la retórica del aburrimiento en el arte contemporáneo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/192761

No / Community hospitals are an important component of the post-acute care pathway for older people. The objective of this study was to describe and contrast patients' and carers' experiences of community and general hospitals. Interviews with patients and carers revealed similarities in the perceptions of care between the two settings. These included appreciation of staff sensitivity, a sense of security, encouragement of independence and lack of activity. The community hospital was appreciated for its location, atmosphere, accommodation, greater sense of freedom, quality of food and staff attitudes. UK health policy promotes the development of community hospitals. This should be progressed in a way that retains key strengths of the specific service they offer.

I denna stuide har Floragatan 13 observerats, för att se om långtråkighet kan ha en intim relation med arkitektur i förhållandet till tid. Om långtråkighet har förankring i byggnadens materiella och dess egenskaper, att arkitektur är bränslet till bomben. Floragatan 13, (1972) Stockholm, en byggnad mot bakgrund av vad som kan anses företräda en betongbrutalistisk byggnad i Sverige. Studien är genomförd ur ett begreppsperspektiv, en litteraturläsning och tillämpar den filosofiska inriktningen fenomenologi som metod och teori. Tonvikten ligger på upplevelseaspekten av den valda byggnaden, där fantasin och känslor använts som verktyg utifrån Martin Heideggers fenomenologiska teori; det poetiska mätandet och begreppet tid har används som en expanderande förståelsehorisont. En semantisk begreppsanalys samverkade med arkitekturanalysen och undersökningen har drivits där de olika studiefaserna har upplyst och influerat varandra i en gradvis kunskapsutveckling och där empiri och teori har analyserats och förenats. Dessa delar ger inte ensam en fullständig beskrivning om en byggnad kan uttrycka långtråkighet men man kan närma sig vad som omfamnar "långtråkighetens estetik" och byggnadens "väsen". / In this study, Floragatan 13 has been observed, to see if boredom can have an intimate relationship with architecture in relation to time. If boredom is rooted in the materiality of the building and its characteristics, that architecture is the fuel for the bomb. Floragatan 13, (1972) Stockholm, a building against the background of what can be considered to represent a concrete brutalist building in Sweden. The study is conducted from a conceptual perspective, a literature reading and applies the philosophical orientation of phenomenology as method and theory. The emphasis is on the experiential aspect of the chosen building, where the imagination and emotions have been used as tools based on Martin Heidegger's phenomenological theory; the poetic measurement and the concept of time have been used as an expanding horizon of understanding. A semantic conceptual analysis interacted with the architectural analysis and the investigation has been conducted where the different study phases have enlightened and influenced each other in a gradual development of knowledge and where empiricism and theory have been analyzed and united. These elements alone do not provide a complete description of whether a building can express boredom but one can approach what embraces the "aesthetics of boredom" and the "essence" of the building.

Texting while driving is a growing problem that has serious, and sometimes fatal, consequences. Despite laws enacted to curb this behavior, the problem continues to grow. Discovering factors that can reduce such risky behavior can significantly contribute to research, as well as save lives and reduce property damage. This study developed a model to explore the motivations that cause a driver to send messages. The model evaluates the effects that boredom, social relationships, social anxiety, and social gratification (BRAG) have upon a driver’s frequency of typing text messages. In addition, the perceived severity of the consequences and the presence of a passenger were also be evaluated for any moderating effects on a driver’s texting. Furthermore, a set of hypotheses based on the BRAG model were presented. To investigate these hypotheses, a survey instrument was developed and data was collected from 297 respondents at a mid-sized regional university in the Pacific North west of the United States. Prior to the distribution of the survey, an expert panel and a pilot study were used to ensure the reliability of the instrument. Partial least squares structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the predictive validity of the BRAG model. This evaluation included an assessment of the reflective measures, as well as a detailed analysis of the structural model. Additionally, knowledge visualization techniques were used to emphasize the significance of the findings. The results of this analysis showed that the social gratification one receives from maintaining their social relationships is a significant predictor of texting while driving. Additionally, the results showed that drivers continued to text, regardless of the consequences. However, boredom and social anxiety were not significant predictors of texting while driving. This study makes important contributions to the information systems body of knowledge and has implications for state and local lawmakers, in addition to public health officials. Prior research has shown that bored or anxious individuals use texting to relieve those feelings of discomfort. However, this study did not extend those findings to drivers. As this study found that laws banning texting while driving do not deter this behavior, public health officials and lawmakers should investigate other means of deterring texting while driving, given the significant impact it has on the increase of fatal car accidents in recent years.