The overall aim of the thesis was to explore everyday functioning in six year-old children born preterm, from the children’s perspectives and from their parents’ perspectives. The relation between everyday functioning and neonatal risk factors, behavioural characteristics was studied with descriptive and correlational statistics, ANOVA and multiple linear regression (I). Patterns of everyday functioning were explored in a cluster analysis following a person-oriented approach (II). In a mixed method approach, the children’s and their parents’ perceptions on children’s competence in everyday activities were explored with a pictorial instrument and analysed with descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis (III). The children’s perceptions of meaningful everyday life situations were explored in a photo voice study, analysed with qualitative content analysis. In total, 144 children born preterm and 222 children born at term and their parents were involved. The results indicated that from the parents’ perspective most children born preterm and full-term were perceived with strong everyday functioning featuring strong motor, process and communication skills, a positive interaction pattern and low levels of behaviour problems. As a group, the children born very preterm were perceived weaker in their everyday functioning than the full-term group but the pattern of performance skills, interaction and behaviour varied similar to that of children born full-term. Further, it was found that preterm birth was not the main predictor, instead hyperactivity had most influence on everyday functioning. Moreover, the children born preterm perceived themselves to be overall strong performers of everyday activities. They wanted to be active and do things and for that they wanted to have skills and significant others i.e. siblings, parents, friends and pets to interact with and to feel safe and loved. Further, the children born preterm expressed a will to develop, improve and gain new skills and to have more opportunities to do meaningful things. In conclusion, the results in this thesis indicate that young children born preterm are able to reflect on their everyday functioning, and express needs and desires for their participation in meaningful everyday life situations. Moreover, preterm birth is not the sole predictor of everyday functioning more critical is the interaction of individual, behavioural and contextual factors.

This thesis examines the effect political trust has on voter turnout among foreign born citizens in Sweden. Economic theory is used as theoretical framework for this study and describes two types of rationale; rationale of voting and rationale of migration, which must be taking into the account when trying to understand the effect of political trust among foreign born citizens. It is from this argued that the incentives to vote for foreign born citizens are very low but that political trust is high due to an improved standard of living. Based on previous research on the positive relationship of political trust and voter turnout as well as the rationale behind it, hypotheses are constructed to be tested in statistical analysis. The hypotheses are that probability to vote increases with political trust, foreign born citizens have higher political trust than native citizens, but that the effect of political trust on voter turnout among foreign born citizens is weaker than for native citizens. The empirical data used for the study are gathered from the 2016 round of the European Social Survey. The statistical analysis supports the hypotheses that probability to vote increases with political trust and that foreign born citizens do have a higher political trust than native citizens. This support in combination with the knowledge that foreign born citizens vote to a lesser degree creates a paradox that would be solved by the last hypothesis, that the effect is weaker among foreign born citizens. However, this hypothesis cannot be completely supported, but there are reasons to believe that with better data the outcome would be positive. The study still reaches the conclusion that political trust among foreign born people is an important issue to take into account for policy makers and future research.

High quality and accurate computational data was obtained through first principle quantum mechanical calculations originated from density functional theory without the inclusion of empirical data (ab initio). The support of the computing facility NGS allows us to carry out our research involving large scale atomistic simulations. The data we recently obtained clearly shows piezoelectricity in GaAs and InAs are proved to be non linear in relation to a general strain.The high order fitting equation obtained through the parameterization procedure allowed us to directly evaluate higher order piezoelectric coefficients. By comparing with other linear and non linear models and also experimental data, we reached the conclusion that the validity of our model is correct in the limitation of small shear strain, particularly in case of (111) grown semiconductors. Such limitation however is not restricted under pseudomorphic growth in (001) direction where typically shear strain is small.We further validate our model through elasticity theory to demonstrate the sign of the polarization is found to be opposite to bulk values for an InAs semiconductor layer grown in the (001) direction of growth and subject to 6-7% of lattice mismatch. This is additionally supported with experimental evidence (optical absorption spectra).Furthermore our model provides a direct way in evaluating the polarization for any crystal structure described on the atomic level. This is mainly beneficial to researchers who use molecular dynamics and empirical methods for predicting bandstructure.The fundamental performance for semiconductor devices can be improved through the use of the small polarization created from strain and is likely to bring advantages in future photovoltaics devices.

Detta är en kvalitativ intervjustudie som undersöker utrikes födda kvinnors upplevelser av integration utifrån att bo i ett segregerat område i Södertälje. Studien har som syfte att även undersöka hur kvinnorna uppfattar sin identitet av att leva med olika kulturer. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes hemma hos kvinnorna. Den tidigare forskningen lyfter bland annat fram att språkfärdigheter, utbildning, gemenskap är viktiga aspekter för upplevelsen av integration och diskriminering utgör ett hinder i det. Resultatet visade att Södertälje som område inte utgör ett hinder för kvinnornas möjligheter till integration. Kvinnorna upplever språk, utbildning och gemenskap som betydelsefulla aspekter för sin integration och diskrimineringen utgjorde tillfälliga hinder. Resultatet visar vidare att kvinnorna uppfattar sin identitet mellan den svenska kulturen och sin ursprungskultur. Jämlikhet och rättigheter var något kvinnorna bland annat satte värde på i den svenska kulturen. Kontrollerandet och höga förväntningar var attityder från den egna familjens kultur som de tog avstånd ifrån. I analysen användes ett intersektionellt perspektivet samt integrationsteorin som stödjer studiens temaområden. Studiens slutsats är att det fortfarande pågår en form av diskriminering av invandrarkvinnor, vilket försvårar deras integration. Det är av betydelse att inte betrakta invandrarkvinnor som en homogen, utan en heterogen grupp med individuella förutsättningar och resurser. / This is a qualitative interview study which examines the foreign-born women's experiences of integration based on living in a segregated area in Södertälje. The study aims also to examine how women perceive their identity of living with different cultures. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the home of the women. Previous research highlights, among other things, that the language skills, education, community are important aspects of the experience of integration and discrimination is an obstacle to it. The result showed that the Södertälje area does not constitute an obstacle to women's opportunities for integration. The women experience language, education and community as significant aspects of its integration and discrimination constituted temporary obstacle. The results further show that women perceive their identity between the Swedish culture and their culture of origin. Equality and rights was somewhat women including set value of the Swedish culture. Controlling and high expectations were attitudes from their own family culture they disowned. The analysis used an intersectional perspective and integration theory which supports the study's themes. The study concludes that there is still an ongoing form of discrimination against immigrant women, which impedes their integration. It is important not to regard immigrant women as a homogeneous, but a heterogeneous group, with individual abilities and resources.

Published research suggests that cultural practices and institutional structures influence adolescent girls' engagement and achievement in school. This study was an attempt to further investigate that claim by describing the perceptions of agency held by four adolescent girls in high school. Members of the same English class, the girls volunteered to participate in three lunchtime meetings to discuss Evelyn Coleman's (2001) Born In Sin. Analysis of classroom observations, transcripts of audio recordings of the book discussions, and individual interviews yielded a more precise definition of agency than those used in previous research, including a view of agency as dialogic. In addition, four major themes describe these girls' agentic moves: (1) a temporal orientation, which connects the past, present, and future; (2) responsibility for positive and negative events; (3) strategic decision making; (4) negotiating with people in power. Implications of this study inform both teaching decisions and future research related to adolescent girls.

No description available.

No description available.

I denna uppsats genomförs en filmanalys och represenationsstudie av de fyra filmatiseringarna av A Star Is Born. Historien i filmserien fångar den helomfattande glamouren och romantiken av showbusiness, spänningen i när någon verkligen tror på dig, lyckan att hyllas som stjärna, fallgroparna när berömmet tar slut och den komplexa manliga och kvinnliga dynamiken i processen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska hur könsroller och koder kopplade till kön och genus upprätthålls eller bryts, samt hur de manifesteras och reproduceras hos huvudkaraktärerna i filmserien A Star Is Born. Dessa roller och koder analyseras och synliggörs med hjälp av representationsteori, genusteori feministisk filmteori och en konstnärlig gestaltning. Resultatet visar hur filmatiseringarnas olika tidsepoker, år 1937, 1954, 1976 och 2018, formar kontexten för respektive films handling och hur narrativet förlitar sig på könsroller för att förmedla mening och intention. Resultatet visar även på problematiken med den kvinnliga könsrollen som passivt objekt, destruktiva följder av porträtteringen av en manlig könsroll som inte tillåter misslyckanden och romantiseringen av den romantiska tragedin.

Il contesto contemporaneo pare attraversato da una grande sfida umana, che chiama in causa ognuno di noi ad interrogarsi circa il significato di educare nel tempo della pluralità. L’epoca attuale è caratterizzata dal fenomeno migratorio, dalla presenza stabile di cittadini di origine straniera residenti nel territorio italiano e da una globalizzazione della persona umana. È in questo contesto che il presente lavoro prende in esame, nel quadro della ricerca qualitativa qui condotta, le narrazioni di storie di vita di genitori di origine ghanese residenti nella provincia di Bergamo e Brescia al fine di problematizzare alcune categorie pedagogiche legate al ruolo genitoriale. Ne emerge uno spaccato interessante che mostra l’importanza per questi genitori di mantenere un legame con la terra di origine, la necessità di aprirsi al contesto in cui vivono e la sfida nel rapporto con i figli nati e/o cresciuti nel paese di residenza. La ricerca ha dimostrato come la pedagogia, accogliendo questi vissuti, sia in grado di promuovere riflessioni e spazi di interesse in cui le differenze reciproche sono occasione di crescita comune, nella molteplicità delle culture. / The contemporary context seems to be marked by a great human challenge which calls each of us into question about the meaning of educating in this time of plurality. The time we live in is characterized by the migration phenomenon , the stable presence of citizens of foreign origin living in the Italian territory and by a globalization of the human person. The present work has examined, within the framework of qualitative research and the current social context, the life stories of Ghanaian-born parents living in the province of Bergamo and Brescia. This was carried out in an attempt to problematize multiple pedagogical categories related to the parenting function. The result is an interesting cross- section that shows the importance for these parents to maintain a bond with the country of origin, the need to open up to the context in which they live, and the challenge found in the relationship with their children born and/or raised in their country of residence. The research has shown how pedagogy, by accepting these experiences, is able to promote reflections and spaces of interest in which mutual differences are an opportunity for common growth within the multiplicity of cultures.

With the FinTech industry being one of heavy expansion, geographic markets have thus far reached varying levels of maturity. This is suggested to favour Born Global firms (BGs) as a common rationale behind their non-domestic inception is to exploit maturity differences among markets. How FinTech BGs internationalize is hence an alluring topic, and albeitFinTech having risen to being amongst the most prominent areas of finance, FinTechmarket expansion has been granted little academic focus. Moreover, amid FinTech BGs often being equity financed and high growth, and the recent years’ favourable capital market conditions combined with surging FinTech valuation multiples, a need for strategically sound market expansion processes may not have existed. Recent trends are however conveying similarities to the dot com crash, and a new climate may be looming, justifying more research within the subject. This thesis hence aimed to enhance the understanding of how FinTechs internationalize in an industry characterised by BG opportunities, and to understand how FinTech BGsshould derive entry strategies to new markets. Through embarking from the academia, a conceptual framework was formed with variables believed to exert influence on FinTech BGs’ market expansion. A qualitative case study of a Swedish FinTech BG was thereafter conducted, examining its applicability,to understand how the BG status affect market expansion endeavors, and how such endeavors should be planned. The findings suggest that the geographical division of FinTech BGs’ ecosystems is the primary source of competitive advantages, and that one should leverage these in expansion endeavors. The thesis further argues that the value encompassed in technology opens opportunities for financially constrained expansion. It moreover adds to the discussion about entry modes in service industries, and argues that there is no vested interest in having distinctive lines among entry modes, and that they should be viewed as compliments. Finally, the study argues that valuation and funding should be granted larger focus in internationalization research. The findings suggest that BGs can exploit the geographical division between M&A targets and their own investors in search of arbitrage opportunities, a topic inviting further research. / Till följd av FinTech-industrins snabba expansion har geografiska marknader uppnått olika mognadsgrader. Ett sådant klimat påstås vara Born Global-företag (BGs) till gagn då deras utländska grundande ofta motiveras av att utnyttja mognadsskillnader mellan marknader. Hur FinTech BGs internationaliserar är därmed ett intressant ämne, men trots att FinTech har vuxit till ett av de mest framträdande områdena inom finans har FinTechs marknadsexpansion beviljats lite akademiskt fokus. Vidare, då FinTech BGs tenderar att vara kapitalfinansierade och snabbt växande, samt med hänsyn taget till de senaste årens starka börsklimat och höga värderingsmultiplar, har ett behov för en strategisk sund marknadsexpansionsprocess kanske inte funnits. Nya trender visar dock på likheter med IT-bubblan, och ett nytt klimat kan därmed vara förestående, vilket motiverar fler studier inom ämnet. Detta arbete syftade därmed till att förbättra förståelsen för hur FinTechs internationaliserar i en industri som kännetecknas av BG-möjligheter, samt att förstå hur FinTech BGs bör utforma en strategi för att expandera till nya marknader. Genom att ta avstamp i akademin skapades ett konceptuellt ramverk innehållande variabler som ansågs påverka FinTech BGs geografiska expansion. En kvalitativ fallstudie på ett svenskt FinTech BG genomfördes därefter, där dess tillämpbarhet undersöktes för att förstå hur BG-kännetecken påverkar marknadsexpansion, samt vad som bör tas i beaktande när sådan expansion planeras. Resultaten tyder på att FinTech BGs geografiskt utspridda ekosystem är deras primära källa till konkurrensfördelar, och att man bör dra nytta av detta när man internationaliserar. Studien argumenterar vidare för att det värde som finns i teknologin öppnar upp möjligheter till marknadsexpansion under finansiella begränsningar. Dessutom adderar rapporten till diskussionen gällande metoder för inträde på nyamarknader inom serviceindustrier, och argumenterar för att det inte finns ett egenintresse med tydliga avgränsningar mellan olika metoder utan att de bör ses som komplement. Slutligen argumenterar studien för att företagsvärdering och finansiering bör bli givna större fokus inom internationaliseringsforskning. Resultaten tyder på att BGs kan utnyttjadet faktum att förvärvskandidater och deras egna investerare befinner sig i olika geografieri sökande efter arbitragemöjligheter, ett område som bjuder in till vidare forskning.