This study assess Prague real estate market from price level bubble existence point of view. For this purpose construct loglinear regression models for estimating price level of purchase and renting for several segments on the real estate market. These estimated price levels afterwards compare to theoretical price levels set by user cost concept, which employs fundamental factors such as capital costs, depreciation rates, personal income and property taxes, additional asset risk and expected capital gain. Study concludes that Prague real estate market does not currently experience positive price bubble, even one of the segments assess as underpriced.

Depuis ces dernières années, il y a eu augmentation de l’effort pour le développement des systèmes microfluidiques dédiésà la dispersion d’une phase fluide dans une autre phase fluide immiscible. Les gouttelettes ou les bulles résultantes ont de nombreuses applications dans des diverses domaines (photonique, chimique, biologique...). Pour la plupart de ces applications, il est primordial de contrôler la taille et la forme de ces gouttelettes/bulles, paramètres qui influencent directement le comportement ou la réponse du système. Notre but consiste ainsi à générer des gouttelettes de taille unique (mono-dispersées) et contrôlable pour produire des structures accordables. Nous analysons aussi leurs mécanismes de formation et étudions les paramètres qui influent sur leur taille et leur forme. Dans le présent travail, la génération de gouttelettes est réalisée en utilisant une intersection entre deux microcanaux (jonction en T) où leur taille est directement liée à la géométrie. Dans cette configuration, il existe trois régimes connus de génération de gouttelettes qui sont les régimes de dripping, squeezing et jetting. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l’étude du régime dripping car il assure la génération de gouttelettes ayant une taille plus petite que celle obtenue avec les autres régimes. Les expériences et les études théoriques ont montré que le diamètre des gouttelettes diminue quand la largeur des canaux diminue, quand la vitesse de la phase continue augmente et quand la vitesse de la phase dispersée diminue. De plus, nous avons pu mettre en évidence un nouveau régime de génération de gouttelettes pour lequel les gouttelettes générées ont un diamètre constant, indépendamment des vitesses des phases continue et dispersée, et qui ne dépend que de la géométrie des canaux. Nous avons appelé ce nouveau régime le régime “balloon”. Nous avons enfin montré l’intérêt de l’accordabilité des systèmes microfluidiques en optique et en acoustique. Ainsi, nous avons montré que la période du réseau de diffraction optique est facilement modifiable en contrôlant les paramètres de génération de bulles. De même, nous avons pu voir que la réponse acoustique est liée `a la résonance des bulles dans le milieu liquide. Cette réponse est une fonction du diamètre des bulles générées. Enfin, nous proposons l’utilisation du système microfluidique en électronique pour produire des capacités variables, ouvrant la voie à des nouvelles fonctionnalités pour la microfluidique diphasique. / Since the past few years, there has been an increasing effort in developing microfluidic devices for dispersing one fluid phase in another immiscible fluid phase. Micro fluidic bubbles or droplets have many applications in different fields such as photonics, chemistry, biology... For most of these applications, it is important to control the size and the shape of these droplets or bubbles, since they directly influence the response of the system. Our goal is to generate mono disperse and controllable droplets to produce tunable structures. We also analyze their formation mechanisms and study the parameters that affect their size and their shape. In the present work, we use T-junction geometry to generate droplets of uniform size. In this configuration, there are three known regimes of droplet generation: dripping, squeezing and jetting regimes. We are particularly interested in the study of the dripping regime since it ensures the generation of droplets of smaller size compared to the other regimes. The experimental and the theoretical studies have shown that the droplets diameter decreases when the channels width decreases, when the continuous phase velocity increases and when the dispersed phase velocity decreases. In addition, we have shown evidence of a new regime of droplet generation in which the droplet diameter is constant, independent of the continuous and dispersed phases velocities and only related to the geometry of the T-junction channels. We named this new regime the balloon regime. We finally demonstrated the usefulness of the tunability of microfluidic systems in optics and acoustics. Actually, we show that the diffraction grating period can be easily changed by controlling the parameters of bubble generation. We show also that the acoustic response is related to the bubbles resonance in the liquid medium. This response is a function of the bubbles diameter. Finally, we propose the use of the microfluidic system in electronics, for realizing varying capacitors, where the diphasic microfluidic opens the way to new functionalities

The thesis analyses and compares the economies of Spain and Ireland in the run up to and during the current economic and financial crisis. Firstly, the focus is on the pre-crisis period since the mid 90's, the causes and extent of the price bubble on the property markets, the caracter of lending boom and the indebtedness of the private sector. The end of the lending boom and conjuncture on the real estate markets in 2006-2007 had strong impact on real economy and the financial sector. Both countries currently pass through a three-level crisis: economic, banking and debt crisis. The aim of the thesis is to examine their causes, evolution and causal links. The paper also illustrates future perspectives of both countries in context of the membership in EMU and possible solutions to their current situation.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'exploitation de la spectroscopie des pertes d'énergie des électrons,(EELS) résolue spatialement pour l'étude de systèmes de dimensions nanométriques. Cette technique étant réalisée avec un microscope électronique en transmission et à balayage, on parle d'expérience STEM-EELS dont le principal avantage est de permettre à la fois une caractérisation morphologique à l'échelle nanométrique et l'accès à une grande variété d'informations sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques des systèmes étudiés. Nous présentons ainsi deux cas d'étude portant sur : des nanobulles d'hélium confinées dans des matrices à base de fer et des nanoparticules métalliques or-argent de structure coeur- coquille. Ces deux études se basent sur le couplage entre imagerie microscopique à l'échelle nanomètrique et spectroscopie EELS en perte proche (Low-loss EELS).La première étude permet de sonder les densités et les pressions des bulles d'hélium en fonction de leur tailles en s'appuyant sur la détection et l'étude, bulle par bulle, du seuil K de l'hélium. Les résultats sont globalement en accord avec d'autres études dans le domaine, mais des densités très basses en hélium (<10 at nmˉ³) ont été mesurées de façon fiable pour la première fois.la deuxième étude concerne l'exploration des propriétés plasmoniques des nanoparticules bimétalliques Au@Ag en sondant les énergies et les localisations des modes plasmon de surface. On trouve un accord excellent entre les expériences et les calculs par éléments finis pour les positions des modes plasmon. La coquille en Ag semble déterminer leurs énergies, avec le coeur en Au ayant apparemment peu d'effet.Une part importante de ce travail concerne le développement des méthodologies d'acquisition et de traitement des données. Tout particulièrement l'utilisation des techniques d'analyses mutivariés (MVA) pour améliorer la détection de l'hélium dans les bulles. / This thesis describes the application of high spatial resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to the nanometre scale analysis of two rather di#erent types of sam- ple. EELS performed in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is known as STEM-EELS and offers the possibility of performing morphological characterisations simultaneously with access to a wide variety of information on the physical and chemical properties of the systems under study. Our two areas of study are nano-bubbles of helium in iron-based alloys and core-shell Au-Ag nano-particles. Both systems are studied via electron microscopic imaging and low-loss EELS (i.e. the spectral range below 50 eV). In the first case the helium densities and pressures in the bubbles are measured as a function of their size and the conditions in which they are generated, via the examination of the intensity and spectral position of the He-K excitation. The results are in broad agreement with othe studies in the field, but particularly lowhelium densities (< 10 at nmˉ³) have been reliably measured here for the first time.The second case concerns the exploration of the bi-metallic nano-particles plasmonic properties via the study of the surface plasmon mode energies and spatial localisations. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and finite element calculations for the plasmon modes. The outer Ag shell essentially fixes their energies, the Au core apparently having little effect.An important part of this work concerns the application of novel acquisition and data analysis methods. In particular the use of multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) is shown to facilitate the detection and quantification of helium in the bubbles.

La conduite des politiques économiques a été mise en question après le déclenchement de la crise financière en 2007. Cette thèse analyse les faiblesses identifiées dans la réglementation existante avant la crise et propose des pistes d’amélioration. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’existence du canal de la prise de risque en zone euro. Parle biais des mesures de causalité de long terme, nous démontrons que la politique monétaire a une influence sur le niveau de risque financier. Un autre constat tiré de cette analyse concerne l’absence des mesures de risque systémique.Par conséquent, le deuxième chapitre étudie les mesures proposées après la crise pour les institutions financières et les applique aux États membres de la zone euro. A l’aide de ces mesures, les autorités pourront imposer des règles plus strictes aux pays les plus risqués d’un point de vue systémique. Le chapitre trois envisage une première solution visant à atténuer l’effet des décisions monétaires sur le risque. Nous étudions, à travers un modèle DSGE, l’impact de la stratégie de “leaning against the wind” sur les cycles économiques et financiers. Les résultats montrent qu’unetelle approche n’est pas suffisante pour stabiliser l’économie et que des arbitrages entre objectifs apparaissent. Pour cette raison, le dernier chapitre porte plus en détail sur les arbitrages entre objectifs, et propose, comme une deuxième solution, l’intégration des mesures macroprudentielles dans l’analyse. En utilisant un modèle Néo-Keynésien sous forme réduite, nous trouvons que les fonds propres contracycliques aident à réduire la volatilité des cycles, mais que les trade-offs demeurent en cas de chocs financiers. Le rôle de la banque centrale dans le maintien de la stabilité financière s’avère aussi important, puisque l’utilisation du leaning against the wind semble améliorer la volatilité des cycles. / The conduct of economic policy has been called into question after the outbreak of the financial crisis in2007. This thesis analyzes the flaws identified in the regulation enforced before the crisis and offers suggestionsfor improvement. The first chapter focuses on the existence of the risk-taking channel in the Eurozone. Throughmeasures of long-term causality, we demonstrate that monetary policy influences the level of financial risk. Anotherconclusion drawn from this analysis is the absence of systemic risk measures. Therefore, the second chapter analyzesthe measures proposed after the crisis for financial institutions and applies them to members of the Eurozone. Basedon these measures, authorities may impose stricter rules on countries that prove to be systemically risky. Chapterthree considers a first solution to mitigate the effect of monetary policy decisions on risk. We study, through a DSGEmodel, the impact of the "leaning against the wind" strategy on economic and financial cycles. The results show thatthis approach is not sufficient to stabilize the economy and that it gives rise to trade-offs between objectives. For thisreason, the last chapter examines in more detail the trade-offs between objectives, and proposes as second solution,the integration of macroprudential measures in the analysis. Using a reduced form New-Keynesian model, we find thatcountercyclical capital helps to reduce the volatility of cycles, but trade-offs appear in case of financial shocks. Therole of the central bank in maintaining financial stability seems also important, as the use of leaning against the windimproves cycles’ volatility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tales Augusto Queiroz Tomaz.pdf: 729788 bytes, checksum: 2811b8e85340fe0593dcacbc775d2507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present Dissertation focuses on the relation between glocal phenomenon and financial hypervolatilzation of the cybercultural capitalism. Glocal phenomenon is the hybridization between local context and global satellized culture, inextricable mix articulated and modulated by instantaneous communication and deepened by the proliferation of technologies of virtual. It is therefore the very mediatic logic of contemporary civilization. Glocal phenomenon experiences sociotechnological trajectory of progressive prominence in social and cultural contemporary history, to become the default condition in cyberculture, understood here as the contemporary social-historical configuration grounded on and through the digital technologies and nets. Along with postindustrial processes, late capitalist economy acquires specific characteristics, among which the financial hypervolatilization, to which news constantly refer as financial bubbles and crises . In this scenario, the present reflection proposes as research problem the following questions: how is glocal inserted in the reproduction of the financial hypervolatilization in today s economy? What s the social-historical signification of the glocalized hypervolatility? These are the hypotheses designed to those questions: [1] communication massive and interactive media, hereafter converging in the transnational informational vector radicates in the basis of the economy transition to the flexible regime of accumulation and of the financial hypervolatilization in these times, articulated by human life glocalization; and [2] hypervolatilization, as sine qua non condition of contemporary economy, articulates the very mode of accumulation of the late capitalism, which becomes virtualized, denoting also in this area the presence of the crisis of the materiality of existence emerged in the development of the mediatic nets. The objectives of the research are, apart from apprehending the socio-structural mode of glocal operation, to investigate the relation between its presence in economy and the existence of the financial hypervolatilization. This research aims to accomplish these objectives by an exclusively theoretical methodology based on progressive revision of bibliography in the following perspectives: Paul Virilio s sociodromology and its late unfoldings by Eugênio Trivinho, with the concepts of glocal, mediatic visibility and cyberculture; the theoretical post-modernism, according to Fredric Jameson, Perry Anderson and Ciro Marcondes Filho; the financialization of the post-modern capitalism, as explained by David Harvey, Robert Reich and Zygmunt Bauman; and the simulation of real by signical-mediatic saturation, as in Jean Baudrillard s studies. By such characteristics, the research aims to contribute to the development of the studies in cyberculture and communications in Brazil / A presente Dissertação versa sobre a relação entre o fenômeno glocal e a hipervolatilização financeira do capitalismo cibercultural. Fio condutor da reflexão, o fenômeno glocal é a hibridação entre contexto local e cultura mundial satelitizada, mescla inextricável articulada e modulada pela comunicação instantânea e aprofundada com a proliferação das tecnologias do virtual. É, portanto, a própria lógica mediática da civilização contemporânea. O fenômeno glocal cumpre trajetória sociotecnológica de progressiva proeminência na história social e cultural contemporânea, até tornar-se condição padrão na cibercultura, encarada como categoria de época, atinente à configuração social-histórica atual, alicerçada nas e pelas tecnologias e redes digitais. Na esteira dos processos pós-industriais, a economia capitalista avançada adquire características diferenciadas, entre as quais destaca-se a hipervolatilização financeira, à qual o noticiário alude constantemente como bolhas e crises financeiras . Diante desse quadro, a presente reflexão propõe, como problemática de pesquisa, as seguintes questões: como o fenômeno glocal se põe na reprodução da hipervolatilização financeira atual? Qual a significação social-histórica da hipervolatilização mediática dos valores? A tais questões, sucedem-se estas hipóteses: [1] a comunicação mediática de massa e interativa, doravante confluentes no vetor informacional transnacional radica na base da transição da economia para o regime de acumulação flexível e (na base) da hipervolatilização financeira dos tempos atuais, articulada pela glocalização da vida humana; e [2] a hipervolatilização, como condição sine qua non da economia contemporânea, articula o próprio modo de acumulação dessa fase do capitalismo, que se torna virtualizado, indicando a presença, também nesse campo da vida humana, da crise da materialidade da existência desencadeada na formação das redes mediáticas. Os objetivos da pesquisa são, além de apreender o modo socioestrutural de operação do glocal, investigar a relação entre a sua presença na economia e a existência da hipervolatilização financeira. Para atingir esses objetivos, a pesquisa, de base exclusivamente teórica, adotou metodologia embasada em revisão bibliográfica progressiva, no âmbito das seguintes perspectivas: a sociodromologia de Paul Virilio, levada adiante nos estudos de Eugênio Trivinho sobre glocal, visibilidade mediática e cibercultura; o pós-modernismo teórico, conforme Fredric Jameson, Perry Anderson e Ciro Marcondes Filho; a financeirização do capitalismo pós-moderno, segundo David Harvey, Robert Reich e Zygmunt Bauman; e a simulação do real por saturação sígnico-mediática, nos termos de Jean Baudrillard. Com tais características, a pesquisa pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento dos estudos sobre cibercultura e comunicação no Brasil

Dans un contexte économique mondialisé, les prises de position d’achat et/ou de vente sur les marchés financiers obéissent à des logiques qui échappent parfois à la rationalité (bulle spéculative…). Les prévisionnistes et les analystes financiers mobilisent une boite à outil statistique pour connaître les tendances futures à partir de l’étude des tendances passées. Cette boite à outils repose sur l’hypothèse de normalité des lois statistiques sous jacentes ce qui autorise des logiques d’inférence statistique, de test, de corrélation... On a pu observer par le passé que les résultats de ces projections ont souvent été miss à défaut : la crise financière que nous traversons correspond par exemple à un choc difficilement prévisible même s’il fait l’objet d’une rationalisation a posteriori. Notre objectif, partant de ce constat, est de renouveler les approches traditionnelles des prévisionnistes et analystes financiers en mobilisant deux approches complémentaires : l’intelligence économique appliquée au domaine financier et l’utilisation de techniques modernes de gestion de l’imprévisible. Dans ce travail interdisciplinaire, notre approche s’inspire tout d’abord du concept d’image, de réputation d'une entreprise cible et de la démarche du cycle de renseignement issue de l’approche de l’intelligence économique. De plus, nous pouvons compléter notre démarche à travers les travaux de Nassim Nicolas Taleb. Nous mobilisons enfin le concept de force de situation (François Julien) pour renforcer la décision des investisseurs institutionnels en situation d’incertitude. Pour valider notre contribution théorique, nous avons choisi le Vietnam comme terrain de recherche. A partir d’une approche qualitative conduite auprès de gérants de portefeuilles Vietnamiens, nous avons pu connaître mieux leurs pratiques de prises de décisions, les critères d’évaluation d’investissement différents issus des analyses de matrices stratégiques, leur perception de la réputation et le rôle de l’intelligence financière dans leur processus d’investissement. Nous proposons alors une méthode qualitative reposant sur la réputation pour caractériser le degré de robustesse d’une organisation à des chocs et élaborons en outre un système de renseignement financier en prenant en compte la hiérarchie des critères d’évaluation d’investissement des gérants de portefeuilles Vietnamiens. Notre démarche est illustrée par l’étude de cas d'une entreprise aquacole Vietnamienne. / In the context of economic globalization, the stand point of purchase and/or sale on the financial market obeys logics which escape sometimes rationality (speculative bubbles…).The forecasters and the financial analysts mobilize one statistical toolbox in order to know the future trends based on the study of the last trends.This toolbox builds on the assumption of normality of the statistical laws underlying which authorizes logics of statistical inference, test, correlation… We could observe in the past which the results of these projections were often failed:the financial crisis which we pass correspondent to a not easily foreseeable shock even if it is the object of a rationalization a posteriori. Our objective,on the basis of thisreport,is to renew the traditional approaches of the forecasters and financial analysts by mobilizing two complementary approaches: business intelligence applied to the financial field and the utilization of modern technologies of management of the unforeseeable risks.In this interdisciplinary work,our approaches are inspired,first of all concept oftheimage or of the reputation of a target company and approach of the intelligence cycle resulting from the approach of the business intelligence.Moreover,we can complete our approach through the principle of bounded rationality,that of the speculative bubble and that of the logic uncertain suggested by Nassim Nicolas Taleb. Finally, we mobilize the concept of force of situation(François Julien) in order to reinforce the decision of the institutional investors in uncertain situation.To validate our theoretical contribution,we chose Viet Nam as our ground of research.From a qualitative approach and based on experimentation ahead 5 Vietnamese portfolio managers, we could better know their practice of making decision, their different investment evaluation criteria, their perception of reputation and the role of the financial intelligence in their process of investment. Thus, we propose a qualitative method based on the reputation in order to characterize the degree of robustness of an organization faced to shocks and elaborate moreover a system of financial information by taking into account the hierarchy of the investment evaluation criteria of the Vietnamese portfolio managers. Our approach is illustrated through a case study of a Vietnamese aquaculture company.

The aim of this study is to provide knowledge about how preschoolers discuss about carbon dioxide bubbles and its buoyancy. To answer the study´s questions, three focus groups with a total of twelve children and six group interviews with a total of eight children, have been used as a method. In the implementation of the focus groups and the group interviews, the experiment dancing raisins was used. The experiment was used as a concrete material to make the carbonic acid visible to the children. A social constructivist perspective has been used during the analyzes of the data. From the keywords that emerged during the analysis, nine categories have been identified and divided to answer the questions of the study. The result shows that when the children were to describe the carbonic acid, they used the words bubbles and bubble water. Only one child said the word gas, but none of the children used the word carbonic acid. The result also shows that the children in the study have previous experiences that the appearance and characteristics of objects affect whether they float or sink. The result shows that the children mainly used everyday concepts and lack scientific concepts when describing the phenomenon. The result of the study can contribute to a developed chemistry teaching in the preschool, by letting preschool teachers know what words children use to describe a phenomenon and thus adapt the chemistry content of the preschool.

There are many options available when selecting a computational model for two-phase flows. It is important to understand all the features of the model selected, including when the model is appropriate and how using it may affect your results. This work examines how volume displacement effects in two-phase Eulerian-Lagrangian models manifest themselves. Some test cases are examined to determine what input these effects have on the flow, and if we can predict when they will become important. Bubble injection into a traveling vortex ring is studied in-depth, as it provides significant insight into the physics of these volume displacement effects. When a few bubbles are entrained into a traveling vortex ring, it has been shown that even at extremely low volume loadings, their presence can significantly affect the structure of the vortex core (Sridhar & Katz 1999). A typical Eulerian-Lagrangian point-particle model with two-way coupling for this dilute system, wherein the bubbles are assumed subgrid and momentum point-sources are used to model their effect on the flow, is shown to be unable to accurately capture the experimental trends of bubble settling location, bubble escape, and vortex distortion for a range of bubble parameters and vortex strengths. Accounting for fluid volume displacement due to bubble motion, using a model termed as volumetric coupling, experimental trends on vortex distortion and bubble settling location are well captured. The fluid displacement effects are studied by introducing the notion of a volume displacement force, the net force on the fluid due to volumetric coupling, which is found to be dominant even at the low volume loadings investigated here. A method of quantifying of these forces is derived and used to study the effects for a wide range of particle to fluid density ratios in Taylor-Green vortices. A simple modification to the standard point-particle Lagrangian approach is developed, wherein the interphase reaction source terms are consistently altered to account for the fluid displacement effects and reactions due to bubble accelerations. / Graduation date: 2013 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Sept. 24, 2012 - Sept. 24, 2013

Characterization of local boiling trends, in addition to the typically reported area-averaged trends, is essential for the robust design and implementation of phase change technologies to sensitive heat transfer applications such as electronics cooling. Obtaining the values of heat fluxes corresponding to locally varying surface temperatures has been a challenge limiting most investigations to area-averaged results. This thesis illustrates the importance of a spatially local heat transfer analysis during boiling. Pool and submerged jet impingement boiling scenarios on a silicon surface are considered at the macroscale (27.5 mm heater with multiple nucleation sites) and microscale (1000 ��m heater for isolated bubble generation), by the use of two thin film serpentine heater geometries. The macroscale heater highlights the effect of spatial variations in imposed heat flux on boiling heat transfer with a circumferentially uniform but radially non-uniform heat flux distribution. The microscale heater simulates a local hot-spot for spot cooling on an electronic device. Spatial variation in boiling heat transfer and bubble dynamics with and without a jet flow are documented using thin film voltage sensors along with qualitative and quantitative high speed imaging and infra-red thermography. Unique to this study is the documentation of local boiling curves for different radial locations on the heat transfer surface and their comparison with the corresponding area-averaged representations. It is shown here that sectionally averaged representations of boiling curves over regions of like-imposed heat flux can substantially simplify the interpretation of data while retaining important information of the local variations in heat transfer. The radial influence of the convective jet flow on the bubble dynamics and boiling heat transfer is assessed for a single circular submerged jet configuration. Varied parameters include jet exit Reynolds numbers, nozzle geometry, test fluid (deionized water and FC-72), fluid subcooling and the supplied heat flux. Distinct modifications of the surface temperature distribution imposed by the impinging jet flow are highlighted by comparing radial temperature profiles during pool and jet impingement boiling. It is demonstrated that in contrast with pool boiling, thermal overshoots during jet impingement boiling for a highly wetting fluid like FC-72 are highest in regions farthest from the impingement point. The effect of jet inertia on bubble departure characteristics are compared with pool boiling under subcooled conditions for FC-72. Qualitative high speed visualization indicates the presence of two modes of bubble generation during jet impingement boiling (a) bubble departure from the surface and (b) bubble separation from the source resulting in sliding bubbles over the surface. The effect of jet flow on bubble entrainment is depicted. Quantitative results indicate that in general departure diameters for pool and jet impingement boiling increase and plateau at a maximum value with increasing power input while no notable trends were observed in the corresponding departure frequencies. The largest departure diameters for jet impingement boiling at fixed fluid subcoolings of 10��C and 20��C were found to be smaller than that for the corresponding pool boiling test by a factor of 1.6 and 2.3, respectively. / Graduation date: 2013