Esta dissertação discute os protagonistas do romance Laranja Mecânica, de Anthony Burgess, e dos filmes Laranja Mecânica e Vinyl, de Stanley Kubrick e Andy Warhol, respectivamente, comparando como tais personagens representam o indivíduo em sociedade. Para tanto, se apóia nas teorias de Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido e Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, sobre as personagens, e de Ítalo Calvino sobre a Leveza. São analisadas as três obras, para o entendimento das peculiaridades presentes em cada uma das narrativas, bem como a trajetória do protagonista nas três narrativas, até que estas atinjam o desfecho. Os conceitos de bem e de mal, mantidos sob concepções estabelecidas na nossa sociedade, são ameaçados quando o protagonista é submetido à Técnica Ludovico, tratamento que tem o objetivo de diminuir a quantidade de presos nas prisões e que, para isso, retira o poder de escolha do indivíduo, que passa a ser capaz de praticar somente atos de bondade, já que toda a exposição ao mal o leva à dor e ao incômodo insuportável. / This M.A. thesis discusses the protagonists in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and the films A Clockwork Orange and Vinyl, directed by Stanley Kubrick and Andy Warhol, respectively, comparing how such characters represent the individual in society. The thesis draws on the theories by Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido, and Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, concerning the characters, and by Italo Calvino, concerning Lightness. The three works are analyzed aiming at the understanding of the peculiarities present in each one of the narratives, as well as the trajectory of the protagonist in the three narratives, until they reach the end. The concepts of good and evil, maintained under conceptions established in our society, are threatened when the protagonist is subjected to the Ludovico Technique, treatment that has the objective of reducing the quantity of prisoners in jails. For that, it eliminates the power of choice of the individual, who happens to be able to practice acts of kindness only, since all exposure to evil brings him to pain and to unbearable discomfort.

Esta dissertação discute os protagonistas do romance Laranja Mecânica, de Anthony Burgess, e dos filmes Laranja Mecânica e Vinyl, de Stanley Kubrick e Andy Warhol, respectivamente, comparando como tais personagens representam o indivíduo em sociedade. Para tanto, se apóia nas teorias de Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido e Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, sobre as personagens, e de Ítalo Calvino sobre a Leveza. São analisadas as três obras, para o entendimento das peculiaridades presentes em cada uma das narrativas, bem como a trajetória do protagonista nas três narrativas, até que estas atinjam o desfecho. Os conceitos de bem e de mal, mantidos sob concepções estabelecidas na nossa sociedade, são ameaçados quando o protagonista é submetido à Técnica Ludovico, tratamento que tem o objetivo de diminuir a quantidade de presos nas prisões e que, para isso, retira o poder de escolha do indivíduo, que passa a ser capaz de praticar somente atos de bondade, já que toda a exposição ao mal o leva à dor e ao incômodo insuportável. / This M.A. thesis discusses the protagonists in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and the films A Clockwork Orange and Vinyl, directed by Stanley Kubrick and Andy Warhol, respectively, comparing how such characters represent the individual in society. The thesis draws on the theories by Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido, and Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, concerning the characters, and by Italo Calvino, concerning Lightness. The three works are analyzed aiming at the understanding of the peculiarities present in each one of the narratives, as well as the trajectory of the protagonist in the three narratives, until they reach the end. The concepts of good and evil, maintained under conceptions established in our society, are threatened when the protagonist is subjected to the Ludovico Technique, treatment that has the objective of reducing the quantity of prisoners in jails. For that, it eliminates the power of choice of the individual, who happens to be able to practice acts of kindness only, since all exposure to evil brings him to pain and to unbearable discomfort.

生產要素的替代關係，一直是經濟發展亟欲探討的問題，尤其是在勞動與資本的替代 上。但在傳統經濟發展的文獻中多為探討均衡成長模型及生產因素在不同部門間移轉 的問題，而對生產要素間之所得分配及替代關係的探討，則多未提供較清楚的理論依 據，本文即是提供各國的實證結果，以做為未來更進一步的理論探討依據。 一般而言，如替代彈性越大，表示資本勞動比對邊際技術代替率的變動反應靈敏，此 時如發生勞動價格相對資本價格有較大的上升變動時，則資本勞動比的變動比率會更 高，其表現在勞動與資本的所得重分配上，也就越發的對勞動產生不利的現象。反之 ，如資本勞動的替代關係很低，甚而有互補的關係時，表示當勞動價格相對的上漲， 並不會影響至勞動的僱用。因而我們認為：在經濟發展的過程中，工會的力量越強， 會造成替代代彈性有下降的趨勢，但在長期之中，資方會因工資相對上漲而進行生產 技術及產業結構的調整，因而使替代彈性又有漸趨回升的跡象，而使替代彈性在經濟 發展的時間序列中 呈現一類似“Ｕ”型的走勢。 本文即是用BURGESS〔１９７４〕；MOHABBAT,DALAL 〔１９８３〕等所用之先驗對數 （TRANSCENDENTAL LOGARITHMIC，簡稱TRANSLOG）之成本函數的分析方法，及「近似 無關迴歸估計法」（SURE）導出資本、勞動與進口間的替代彈性值，我們再將各國間 序列的替代彈性值為依變數，時間、實質所得、工會力量等為自變數，以試圖找出足 以解釋替代彈性值變動的各項可能因素。 本文的結構為：第一章為前言；第二章為文獻回顧；第三章為理論模型的設立及估計 方法的描述；第四章為實證結果的分析；第五章為結論。

The aim of this thesis is to compare two distinct principles of making new linguistic style and their role in fictional society. The thesis will present both novels (Burgess' A Clockwork Orange and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four) and then it will focus on function and principles of making neologisms used in these novels. In the end the thesis will focus on summarization of both principles and it will analyze the language role in both novels.

The Master Thesis World of the Burgesses of Rokycany in the Light of Their Testaments in 16th - 18th Century is based on the studies of two books of last wills and testaments stored in the State District Archives in Rokycany. The base of sources is further enlarged by the prescriptive literature of that time, i.e. books of good deaths, the book of the St. Mary's Fraternity and church registers. Attention was gradually paid to the transformation of the testamentary practice in Rokycany, to the representation of piety in the testaments and to the perception of death. Moreover the author of the work has aimed her attention to the evidence of the structure of families in the Early New Age, of the social environments of the testator and material culture of the burgesses' households seen from the testaments. A component part of the thesis is a picture annex.

Much linguistic research has been done on the fictional argot of A Clockwork Orange, known as Nadsat, but few efforts have been made to expand beyond the classification and analysis of Nadsat. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper looks at the overarching discourse of A Clockwork Orange and aims to answer three questions: What exigencies and discourses inform the creation of these works? What techniques and power structures are employed in the construction of these works? How do these works shape or attempt to shape the discourse? To answer these questions, I look at three instances of the discourse: Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange, Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange, and Krege’s translation, Clockwork Orange. These instances are varied over time of publication (1962, 1971, 1997), language (English, German), medium (novel, film), and culture (British, American, German), allowing enough variance to examine how the discourse changes to meet the needs of its participants.

MultipliCities: The Infrastructure of African American Literature, 1899-1996 explores intersections between black fiction and canonical sociology through two extended case studies focusing on the authors Richard Wright and Paul Beatty. The formation of disciplinary sociology in the early twentieth century had a profound influence on the production and reception of African American literature. Sociologists at the University of Chicago were among the first to teach black fiction and poetry in the academy, and institutionalized a social scientific framework for comprehending black culture. This framework, which assumes that black writing produces racial knowledge about black experience, continues to pressure contemporary African American authors through the demands of the publishing industry today. At the same time, though, African American authors throughout the twentieth century have resisted sociological expectations for their work and responded critically to the social scientific study of the black community more broadly. MultipliCities studies black writers whose fiction is specifically critical of sociological conceptions of black personhood and place. While Richard Wright's best-selling Native Son (1940) has been canonized as a type of sociological fiction, I read against this critical tradition for the ways in which his juvenile delinquent protagonist, Bigger Thomas, evades his production as a social scientific object. I locate further evidence for Wright's revision of sociological knowledge production in his final, posthumously published novel, A Father's Law (1960; 2008), in which the main character is a sociologist and a serial killer who violently deforms the mastery of the social scientific expert. In my second case study, I turn to contemporary novelist Paul Beatty's post-civil rights era novel The White Boy Shuffle (1996), which I read as a mock ethnography in its description of a postindustrial ghetto that exceeds the sociological imagination of the so-called "culture of poverty." Though rap music is often interpreted as evidence of the alleged impoverishment of inner-city black community, in my final chapter I read Beatty's "hip hop novel" as challenging the social scientific expectations for black popular culture that are part of the ongoing legacy of the canonical sociology of race. / text

This thesis is a study of the Community Relations Department of the Southern Organizing Committee of the Congress of Industrial Organizations during the CIO’s Southern Organizing Drive, often referred to as “Operation Dixie.” The Community Relations Department was primarily interested in improving relations between organized labor and organized religion, in the hopes that improved church-labor relations would produce a situation more conducive to labor organizing, and reduce attacks on the CIO from religious leaders. This thesis examines the methods utilized by the CRD to achieve this end, and presents an analysis both of their efficacy and of their implementation. Specific programs that are explored are the CRD’s compilation, and publication, of various religiously themed pamphlets, the formation of Religion and Labor Fellowship groups, and the CRD’s relations with various anti-labor newspapers that made use of religious arguments to attack the CIO and Operation Dixie.

Allant d'une autobiographie où la fictionnalisation du vécu confine à l'invraisemblable, à des biographies imaginaires où des personae de l'auteur construisent librement la figure de leurs " biographiés ", Anthony Burgess jongle avec les pactes de vérité et la fabulation-affabulation. Les vertiges cognitifs des métabiographies postmodernes affleurent en filigrane, mais à la mélancolie de l'impossible résurrection textuelle du sujet biographique, les biofictions érudites de Burgess substituent la prolifération d'existences virtuelles, de mythes, fantasmes et simulacres, pour mieux mettre en question les formes institutionnelles du genre, savantes et commerciales. Au cœur de l'entreprise [auto]biofictionnelle de Burgess, se dessine une tension contradictoire entre un désir de restituer ces " vies " dans leur réalité charnelle, individuelle, démythifiée, et l'inclination mytho-poétique du romancier qui leur impose le filtre de sa vision du monde catholique et manichéenne. Le Marlowe, le Shakespeare, le Mozart, le Napoléon, le Keats de Burgess ne sont-il que des spectres romanesques, dont les référents historiques ont été vampirisés par le romancier-biographe ? Les biofictions de Burgess, où se rencontrent, en même temps que plusieurs subjectivités artistiques, divers modes d'appréhension de l'écriture et de la vie [essai critique, chronotope biographique, flux de conscience moderniste, citation intertextuelle], réaffirment le caractère indissociable de la vie, de la création et de l'oeuvre. Sa quête romantique-humaniste qui cherche à restaurer la singularité existentielle de ses prédécesseurs conteste de l'intérieur la textualité thanatographique moderne.

Certas temáticas literárias permanecem atuais, sendo capazes de provocar sempre novas leituras, independentemente de onde ou quando tenham sido criadas. É o que ocorre com os temas de Juventude, Arte e Violência, que alimentam o presente estudo sobre Laranja Mecânica, romance escrito em 1962 por Anthony Burgess. A forma como essas matérias se mesclam na obra diz muito tanto sobre sua relação intrínseca e atemporal com a natureza humana quanto também sobre o contexto no qual o romance se insere, que evoca o da Londres dos anos 60. O foco da pesquisa busca identificar relações entre a tríade temática e o que ela aponta sobre os paradigmas da época. Para tanto, o suporte teórico se apoia na área de Estudos Culturais. A tensão entre a Juventude e a Violência se reflete na função ambivalente ocupada pela Arte na narrativa – mais especificamente no uso da música, em suas relações com a literatura e com o discurso daquele período ligado ao pós-guerra. A dissertação vem dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro, são feitas as contextualizações, que abrangem elementos da vida do autor e aspectos da sociedade em que a obra se constrói, e as relações entre ambos. O segundo capítulo apresenta as ideias sobre Estudos Culturais que facilitam o trato com a literatura e com o romance investigado, ajudando-nos a examinar – através de uma distância de cinco décadas – o papel que a obra ocupa no seu contexto original. O último capítulo faz uma análise de Laranja Mecânica à luz de nossa perspectiva contemporânea. Esperamos, assim, oferecer uma contribuição para os estudos sobre a obra de Anthony Burgess através desta discussão sobre as complexas e sempre novas relações estabelecidas entre os campos da Literatura, da História e da Arte. / Some literary themes are always contemporary, so that the discussion concerning them never wears out, independently from when or where the work was written. This is the case with Youth, Art, and Violence, the themes chosen to be highlighted in this present study of the novel A Clockwork Orange, written by Anthony Burgess in 1962. The way these three elements are woven together in this novel tells much about their intrinsic and timeless relation with human nature as well as about the context in which the novel belongs, which evokes the London of the early 60s. The focus of the research lies on what this triad reveals about the paradigm of that time. Some concepts from the area of Cultural Studies will help connect the ambivalent relation between Violence and Youth within the British society from that time, as well as make associations with the element of Art as treated in Burgess’s work – more specifically, the function of music in the narrative as related to the post-war period in Britain. The work is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, it will be established a relationship involving the content of the novel, some elements of Burgess’s biography, and some relevant issues respecting the period of time during which the novel was written. Chapter Two introduces the ideas from Cultural Studies that help examine – within this interval of half a century since the novel was first published – the role it plays in the context of its time. The final chapter analyses A Clockwork Orange in relation to the framework of today´s society. I hope that this work may contribute to the body of studies about the work of Anthony Burgess, and to the discussion about the ever-changing relations comprising the fields of Literature, History and Art.