The diploma thesis focuses on the concept of social work in the social and legal protection of children and social workers perception of the prestige this profession. The diploma thesis defines terms such as self-worth, self-realization, motivation and prestige, while the emphasis is mainly on meeting expectations that were formed before studying at university, or higher professional school. The work also focuses on the professional and systemic limits that social workers at OSPOD encounter, but also on the assumptions that are an integral part of the professional performance of social work at OSPOD. The empirical part of the thesis is focused on qualitative research, where semi-structured interviews were used and the respondents were selected on the basis of the reference selection. This thesis also looks into the problem and identification of critical areas, which are connected with the performance of social work on OSPOD, mainly in the context of perception of prestige of this profession.

(in English): The diploma thesis is about burnout syndrome and the influence of supervision on workers of Low-threshold facilities for children and the youth. It is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is about burnout syndrome, supervision, low-threshold facilities for children and the youth and workers of these facilities. The empirical part contains the aim of the paper and the research design, interpretation of the results of the research and discussion and limits of the research. The aim of the research of the diploma thesis is to focus on low- threshold facilities for children and the youth workers, their activity in these facilities, the level of exposition to the burnout syndrome and their perception of supervision. The quantitative research was carried out in the form of an online questionnaire, which was sent by email to low- threshold facilities for children and youth's workers in Prague.

Introduktion: Stress och utmattning är ett stort folkhälsoproblem inom hälso- och sjukvårdsyrken generellt och särskilt drabbade är de inom sjuksköterskeyrket. Detta problem har ökat markant de senaste åren och lett till långtidssjukskrivningar. Stress och arbetsbelastningen anses enligt forskning orsaka utmattningssyndrom. Sjuksköterskor anses vara mer utsatta för att insjukna i utmattningssyndrom än individer inom andra yrken. Trots denna arbetsbelastning, har sjuksköterskor utvecklat motståndskraft för att minska utmattning och höga stressnivåer. Att använda olika strategier och skyddsfaktorer kan gynna sjuksköterskornas hälsa och välbefinnande. Syfte: Syfte med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva skyddsfaktorer för att hindra utmattningssyndrom relaterat till sjuksköterskornas arbetsmiljö. Metod: Litteraturstudien baseras på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar, sökningar i databasen PubMed och CINAHL som resulterar i 11 artiklar. Dessa artiklar har validerats med hjälp av checklistan CASP och uppfyller inklusions- och exklusionskriterier samt matchar forskningsfrågorna. Denna studie analyseras med tematisk innehållsanalys som är metod som identifierar, analyserar och rapporterar teman inom data. Resultat: I resultat framkommer tre olika teman med sex olika underteman som var:Hantering av stressig arbetsmiljö: arbetskrav/arbetsmiljö, balans i hälsostatus. Motståndskraft: rutiner i arbetslivet, återhämtning.Bemästra stress: samhörighet, tillfredställelse. Samtliga vetenskapliga artiklar rapporterade utmattningssyndrom relaterad till arbetsmiljö och motståndskraft hos sjuksköterskor. Utmattningssyndrom refereras till stress på arbetsplatsen där arbetsbelastning blir för hög och personlig prestation minskar. Motståndskraft är svar på denna utmattning där sjuksköterska hittar olika strategier för att bemästra dessa stressiga arbetssituationer. Slutsats: Flera olika faktorer bidrar till utmattningssyndrom på grund av ohälsosam arbetsmiljö. Studien har påvisat vikten av att använda motståndskraft för att minska utmattning bland sjuksköterskor. / Introduction: Stress and fatigue are today's major problems in the healthcare profession. This problem has increased markedly in recent years and is mainly due to long-term sick leave. According to research, stress and workload are considered to cause fatigue syndrome. Nurses are considered to be more likely to develop fatigue syndrome than individuals in other professions. Despite this workload, nurses have developed resilience to reduce burnout and high stress levels. Using different strategies and protective factors can benefit nurses health and well-being. Aim: Aim of this literature study is to describe risk and protective factors related to the work environment of the nurses. Methods: A literature review based on 11 scientifis atricles, searches in the PubMed and CINAHL database that resulted in 11 articles. These articles were validated using the PRIS checklist and met inclusion and exclusion criteria and matched the research questions. This study is analyzed with thematic content analysis wich is method that identifies, analyzes and reports themes within data. Results: Results reveal three different themes with six different sub-themes which included: Management of stressful work envirovment: work requirement/work environment, balans in health status. Resistance: routines in work life, recovery. Master stress: togetherness, satisfaction. All scientific papers reported burnout syndrome related to work environment and resilience in nurses Burnout syndrome refers to stress in the workplace where workload becomes too high and personal performance decreases. Resilience is response to this exhaustion where nurse finds different strategies to master these stressful work situations. Conclusion: Several different factors contribute to fatigue syndrome due to unhealthy work environment. The study has demonstrated the importance of using resilience to reduce burnout among nurses.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre el síndrome de burnout y la autoeficacia general en una muestra de profesionales de salud en el ámbito deportivo. El método utilizado fue un estudio transversal del tipo descriptivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por un total de 50 profesionales de salud tales como psicólogos, nutricionistas y fisioterapeutas (28 hombres y 22 mujeres). Se utilizaron el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Baessler y Schwarzer. Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central. Se empleó la prueba Rho de Spearman para el análisis de correlaciones entre la autoeficacia y las dimensiones del síndrome de burnout y para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron la U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados indicaron una correlación negativa y estadísticamente significativa de la autoeficacia con la dimensión despersonalización; (Rho=-.464), mientras que se mantuvo una correlación positiva con la dimensión realización personal (Rho=.384). Además, se demostró que existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la cantidad de horas de trabajo y las dimensiones cansancio emocional y realización personal. Finalmente, se evidenció que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la variable sexo y las dimensiones de burnout. / The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between burnout syndrome and general self-efficacy in a sample of health professionals in the sports field. The method used was a cross-sectional study of the descriptive correlational type. The sample consisted of a total of 50 health professionals such as psychologists, nutritionists, and physical therapists (28 men and 22 women). The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Baessler and Schwarzer General Self-Efficacy Scale were used. For the descriptive analysis, measures of central tendency were used. Spearman's Rho test was used for the analysis of correlations between self-efficacy and the dimensions of burnout syndrome, and the Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U were used for inferential analysis. The results indicated a statistically significant negative correlation of self-efficacy with the depersonalization dimension (Rho=-.464); while a positive correlation was maintained with the personal fulfillment dimension (Rho=.384). In addition, it was shown that there were statistically significant differences between the number of working hours and the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and personal fulfillment. Finally, it was evidenced that there are no statistically significant differences between the sex variable and the burnout dimensions. / Tesis

Psykisk ohälsa är ett problem som ständigt ökar i samhället. Begreppet psykisk ohälsa innefattar en mängd olika psykiska och psykiatriska problem, däribland utmattningssyndromet, vilket är denna studies fokus. Syftet med studien var att undersöka de egna upplevelserna hos personer som själva drabbats av utmattningssyndrom gällande; insjuknandet, symtom, riskfaktorer och konsekvenser till följd av syndromet, samt friskfaktorer. Studien innefattar sex kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har varit drabbade av utmattningssyndrom, samt kvalitativ data från en enkät som sedan tidigare var utformad tillsammans med en kvantitativ pilotstudie. Resultatet visar att personerna upplevde att vardagen förändrades avsevärt till följd av syndromet, och att en kognitiv och fysisk trötthet upplevdes av samtliga. Resultatet påvisar även att många av intervjupersonerna och enkätdeltagarna upplevde att självuppfattningen förändrades under tiden som sjuk och att bilden över hur en vill vara krockade med den faktiska bilden. Det framkom även att vissa risk- och friskfaktorer bara upplevdes av enskilda eller ett fåtal deltagare, vilket tyder på att syndromet uppkomst och hur det artar sig är en komplex process med en individuell prägel på samtliga aspekter. / Mental illness is a problem that is constantly increasing in society, and burnout syndrome is a relevant part of the mental illness that the society is struggling with. Burnout syndrome is the type of mental illness that this study is focused on. The purpose of this study was to examine people's experience regarding the sickening and diagnostic of burnout syndrome, factors that affect the syndrome negatively and positively but also social and personal consequences that can occur. This study presents six qualitative interviews with people who have been sick with burnout syndrome, together with qualitative survey data that was collected previously. The result of the study shows that the subjects experienced a drastic change of everyday life because of the burnout syndrome. A cognitive and physical fatigue was experienced by all studied subjects. The result also shows that both the interview and survey subjects reported negative changes in the self-perception that affected their mental picture of themselves. The result does also report some affecting factors that are both positive and negative, and a big part of these factors differ between the subjects. This suggests that the burnout syndrome is a complex process that is highly affected by personal and individual factors.

Previous research suggests that healthcare managers can experience stress ofconscience, which has a relationship with burnout syndrome. The aim of this studywas to examine the perceived degree of stress of conscience of first-line managersand middle managers within the healthcare in Dalarna and if the degree of stress ofconscience were reduced the further away from the core business the manager isworking. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with comparative andcorrelation-design to enable an independent t-test and to compare the mean valuefor first- and middle managers. The results showed that first-line managers rated amean value of 57 points for stress of conscience and demands and expectation ofothers caused the most troubled conscience. The results for middle managersshowed a mean value of 35,7 points for stress of conscience and the cause fortroubled conscience was others' expectations. The perceived degree of stress ofconscience was higher for first-line managers than for middle managers but notsignificant and therefore is the closeness to the core business not a sufficient factorto draw any conclusions. / Forskning indikerar på att chefer inom vård och omsorg kan upplevasamvetsstress, vilket har ett samband med utmattningssyndrom. Syftet med studienvar att undersöka den upplevda graden av samvetsstress hos första och andralinjens chefer inom vård och omsorg i Dalarnas län samt om graden avsamvetsstress minskar desto längre bort från den operativa verksamheten chefenarbetar. En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med enkätutskick, där designen var enkombination mellan komparativ design och korrelationsdesign för att möjliggöraett independent t-test och jämföra medelvärdet av samvetsstress hos första ochandra linjens chefer. Resultatet av denna studie visar medelvärde 57 poäng församvetsstress hos första linjens chefer där krav och andras förväntningar orsakadehögst grad av dåligt samvete. Resultatet för andra linjens chefer visar medelvärdet35,7 poäng för samvetsstress där orsaken till dåligt samvete främst var andrasförväntningar. Graden av samvetsstress är högre hos första linjens chefer än andralinjens chefer men skillnaden är inte signifikant och därmed utgör inte denoperativa närheten tillräcklig påverkan på graden av samvetsstress hos chefer inomvård och omsorg i Dalarnas län för att dra en slutsats.

Shirom y Melamed (2006) proponen una forma de medir el burnout basados en la teoría de conservación de los recursos (COR). El objetivo fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Shirom - Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM). La muestra se obtuvo mediante el muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo intencional por conveniencia, compuesta por 289 policías peruanos en servicio de ambos sexos entre los 20 a 61 años. Se realizó el análisis factorial exploratorio que confirmó la estructura original de tres factores (30.90%, 16.60% y 13.30% de varianza explicada) y cargas factoriales superiores a .30. Asimismo, se encontró una adecuada consistencia interna para las tres dimensiones. El factor fatiga física (ω = .88) y agotamiento emocional (ω = .82) obtuvieron alta consistencia interna mientras que el factor cansancio cognitivo (ω ≥ .65) obtuvo un puntaje aceptable. El SMBM cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas necesarias para considerarla una medida válida y confiable al usarla como instrumento de medición del burnout en futuras investigaciones. / Shirom & Melamed (2006) propose a way to gauge the burnout based on the Resource Conservation Theory (COR). The research objective is to establish “Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM)” psychometric properties. The sample size was composed by 289 both sexes peruvian policemen between 20 and 61 years old. The exploratory factor analysis was made confirming the three factors original structure, getting as a result factor loads higher than 30 (30.90%, 16.60% y 13.30%). Besides, Internal Consistency Coefficients calculated were acceptable for all three dimensions. Physical fatigue factor (ω =.88) and emotional exhaustion (ω =.82) got high internal consistency, while cognitive fatigue factor (ω ≥.65) got just an acceptable score. SMBM has the necessary psychometric properties to be considered valid and reliable as a Burnout measuring instrument on future investigations. / Tesis

(in English): The diploma thesis deals with the burnout syndrome in social workers who work with people with a mental illness. The theoretical part presents knowledge about burnout syndrome, its symptoms, risk factors, treatment, general prevention, and supervision as a specific prevention of burnout syndrome. It also discusses the burnout syndrome in social workers and the stressors of working with people with a mental illness. The practical part is focused on quantitative research, in which the respondents use the Shirom-Melamed burnout measure to determine the incidence of burnout and the necessary data on the respondents using supplementary questions. The practical part also contains an additional qualitative part of the research. The main goal of this work is to determine whether the burnout syndrome occurs in this group of social workers to a greater extent than in people who work in other fields. The sub- objectives are to show whether there is a statistically significant correlation between burnout syndrome and age, gender, absence of supervision, number of clients, satisfaction in the workforce and length of stay in the current employment of respondents. The qualitative part of the research aims to identify the biggest source of stress in the employment of social workers.

N. Riethof - Burnout syndrome in Health Care Professionals ABSTRACT Burnout syndrome is a state of total exhaustion related to work condi- tions and prolonged stress. While initial phases of burnout resemble stress symptoms, final phases of burnout are characterized by feelings of hopelessness, loss of meaning and desperation that have similar qual- ities as depression as well as existential vacuum described by Frankl in his logotherapy. In addition, the burnout syndrome involves stages in which people detach from their emotions and feelings as a defense mechanism against stress and have decreased ability to experience their own feelings and emotional states. Burnout usually begins with feelings of enthusiasm and idealized visualizations and it is in contrast with sub- sequent disillusionment, disappointment experienced later. After decades of burnout research, there is still a need for better def- inition of this condition including more precise diagnostic criteria and internationally recognized measurement tools, especially within health care system where the risks of unrecognized and untreated burnout are high. This study is focused on examination of potential causes of burn- out and relationships of burnout symptoms with certain personality traits, defense mechanisms and coping reactions including...

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeyrket är ett utsatt yrke där stress är vanligt förekommande. Om sjuksköterskan utsätts för långvarig stress kan det leda till utbrändhet och sjukskrivningar enligt Socialstyrelsen (2017). Det är väsentligt att undersöka vilka bakomliggande orsaker sjuksköterskor upplever vara anledningen till deras psykiska ohälsa och vilka konsekvenser det kan leda till både för sjuksköterskorna och omgivningen. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad egenrapporterad psykisk ohälsa. Metod: En litteraturstudie som baserades på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Databaserna som användes var Cinahl och Pubmed. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades med SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall och dataanalysen utfördes med Popenoe m.fl. dataanalysmetod. Resultat: Resultatet som framkommer är att sjuksköterskorna är utsatta för hög arbetsbelastning, underbemanning och organisatoriska problem. Sammanställningen av artiklarna gav tre huvudkategorier som bakomliggande orsaker till sjuksköterskors arbetsrelaterade psykiska ohälsa. Dessa bakomliggande faktorer presenteras i följande huvudkategorier: Brister i organisationen, Höga förväntningar på sjuksköterskor och Svåra situationer i arbetet. Utifrån dessa uppkom även följande underkategorier: Bristande ledarskap, Hög arbetsbelastning, Stress på arbetsplatsen, Underbemanning, Traumatiska och komplexa patientfall samt Utanförskap på arbetsplatsen. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan upplever arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa främst på grund av organisatoriska faktorer, traumatiska patientfall samt kollegiala problem på arbetsplatsen. Arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa kan påverka sjuksköterskors kvalitet på arbetet. Sjuksköterskor upplevde även höga krav från omgivningen, vilket skapade en upplevelse av negativ stress både i arbetet och privat. / Background: Being a nurse is a vulnerable profession where stress is common. If a nurse is exposed to prolonged stress, it can lead to burnout and sick leave for nurses, according to the National Board of Health and Welfare (2017). It is essential to investigate the underlying causes that nurses perceive as reasons for their mental health problems and the consequences it can have for both nurses and their surroundings. Objective: The purpose of the literature review was to shed light on nurses' experiences of work-related self-reported mental illness. Method: The literature study is based on ten qualitative articles. The databases used were CINAHL and PubMed. All articles were quality assessed using the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment, and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) quality assessment tool. Data analysis was conducted using Popenoe et al.'s data analysis method. Results: The results reveal that nurses are exposed to high workloads, understaffing, and organizational problems. The compilation of the articles yielded three main categories as underlying causes of nurses' work-related mental health problems. These underlying factors are presented in the following main categories: Organizational deficiencies, High expectations on nurses and Difficult situations at work. Based on these, the following subcategories also emerged: Deficient leadership, High workloads, Workplace stress, Understaffing, Traumatic and complex patient cases and Workplace exclusion. Conclusion: Nurses primarily experience work-related mental health problems due to organizational factors, traumatic patient cases, and collegial issues in the workplace. Work- related mental health problems can affect nurses' work quality. Nurses also experience high demands from their environment, which creates a perception of negative stress both at work and in their personal lives.