Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:19:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoselitoS.pdf: 612868 bytes, checksum: 0cc04efc92078741392b1c822ad08e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-25 / The breast cancer is the most incident neoplasia in Brazilian women, configure as important cause of female death in Brazil. Its magnitude is go to be consider as a disease that go out the biological and numerical, extending of the subjective dimension and interrelationships of society and socials experiences, to into in knowledge and practices. Linking of the growing older process, the breast cancer extend as social, economical and cultural dimensions, madding in plot of socials relationships, through that acquire mean. In the context of the high expectative of live and the high number of older age persons, consider that that the high number of years had lived correspond the exposition of this individuals to corporate of the ambientals aggressions and own processes of human constitution of natural wear, like as chronicle-degenerate disease, the example is cancer. In the perspective, we collected narratives of mastectomies women with 60 age or so, about the breast cancer, the body and the growing older process, had has as objectives to reflexes about relatives questions, the comprehension about cancer, like experience, had lived and mean in the context of action and interaction of mastectomies older women, and to comprehend like women interrelationships and respond the changes that grow up of the disease and the growing older process in the everyday of their lives. Through of the narratives. We know that the disease is an initial information that take a form through successives approximation between women with their reality, since the family from hospital institution. The breast cancer to be continue a disease who cause a lot of apprehension and fear, getting and changing the ill s live as marked form. Have dad the body and the growing older process genteels and redimensions by disease, women need to define news and multiples functions due to the contingency that the disease impose / O c?ncer de mama ? a neoplasia mais incidente nas mulheres brasileiras, configurando-se como importante causa de morte feminina, no Brasil. Sua magnitude leva-nos a consider?-lo uma doen?a que extrapola o puramente biol?gico e num?rico, estendendo-se ? dimens?o subjetiva e interrelacional, ao conv?vio e ?s experi?ncias sociais, adentrando num campo m?ltiplo de saberes e pr?ticas. Vinculando-se ao processo de envelhecimento, o c?ncer de mama alcan?a dimens?o social, econ?mica e cultural, e demarca percursos institucionais, individuais e coletivos, sendo socialmente constru?do na trama das rela??es sociais, atrav?s das quais adquire significado. Contextualizando o aumento da expectativa de vida e do n?mero de idosos, consideramos que os anos vividos a mais correspondem ? exposi??o dos indiv?duos a um conjunto de agressores ambientais e de processos pr?prios da constitui??o humana de desgaste natural, como as doen?as cr?nico-degenerativas, a exemplo do c?ncer. Nessa perspectiva, coletamos narrativas de mulheres mastectomizadas com 60 anos e mais, sobre o c?ncer de mama, o corpo e o envelhecimento, tendo como objetivos refletir sobre quest?es relativas ? compreens?o do c?ncer, como experi?ncia, vivida e significada em contextos de a??o e intera??o de mulheres idosas mastectomizadas; compreender como as mulheres se interrelacionam e reagem ?s modifica??es decorrentes da doen?a e do envelhecimento, no cotidiano de suas vidas. A partir das narrativas, compreendemos que a doen?a ? um dado inicial que toma forma a partir de sucessivas aproxima??es dessas mulheres da realidade que as cerca, desde a fam?lia at? a institui??o hospitalar. O c?ncer de mama continua sendo uma doen?a que causa muita apreens?o e medo, alcan?ando e modificando a vida da doente de forma marcante. Tendo o corpo e o envelhecimento afetados e redimensionados pela doen?a, as mulheres precisam definir novos e m?ltiplos pap?is sociais devido ?s conting?ncias que a doen?a lhes imp?e

Submitted by PPG Psicologia (psicologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-02T19:21:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_VILLANOVA_QUIROGA.pdf: 1974519 bytes, checksum: 6331ed342432c52563d3dfa39511b9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-12T13:33:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_VILLANOVA_QUIROGA.pdf: 1974519 bytes, checksum: 6331ed342432c52563d3dfa39511b9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T13:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_VILLANOVA_QUIROGA.pdf: 1974519 bytes, checksum: 6331ed342432c52563d3dfa39511b9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to a positive psychological change which results from challenging and tough situations. Studies show that the development of high levels of PTG after a specific situation is positively related to the use of adaptive coping strategies, rumination, perception of social support and the actual situation being experienced as traumatic, such as breast cancer. From this perspective, a tool that evaluates different emotional and interpersonal aspects of an individual with cancer can be useful when working with prevention and promotion of mental health and quality of life. Knowing predictors of PTG, already described in literature, can be used as a resource to aid the process of elaboration. That would enable thinking about treatments that prioritize possible positive aspects, working in adaptive coping strategies to assist in the situation elaboration. This dissertation had as an initial objective to verify if social support perception, rumination, and use of adaptive coping strategies show a significant correlation with levels of PTG in women with confirmed breast cancer diagnosis. In order to do that, a transversal and exploratory research with two studies was conducted. The first a systematic review that focused on compiling and discussing the results of studies that studied rumination and/or social support as predictors of PTG. The second a empiric study, transversal and exploratory, with the objective of verifying if PTG is a variable present in women with breast cancer in Brazil (n=84) and if rumination, social support and adaptive coping strategies prove to be predictors of it in this population. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Ways of Coping Checklist, Scale of Perceived Social Support (adult version), Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire, Baptista Depression Scale (adult version) were used, and a sociodemographic and health scale was applied.On study 1, there were found 12 articles that corresponded to the including and excluding established criteria. Through quantitative analysis of the methodological and results quality, it was observed that there is almost a consensus of rumination and social support being predictor variables for PTG in different populations. As for study 2, marital social support and adaptive coping strategies were the predictors for PTG in the studied sample. The total score of social support did not appear as a predictor, but presented a significant positive correlation. Moreover, having a religion of identification contributed in regressive models for two different factors that composed the instrument utilized for PTG evaluation. From these studies, it was concluded that the social support, rumination, and adaptive coping strategies variables proved to be predictors of higher scores of PTG. However, it is believed that each one will present different contributions according to the studied populations. The study of predictors is still recent in Brazil regarding PTG. From this research, path is opened to other studies with different populations and methodologies in order to better understand the specificities of this model and its evaluated variables in the Brazilian context. Nonetheless, this dissertation contributes to the foundation of intervention strategies based on these predictors to this specific population. / O crescimento p?s-traum?tico (CPT) trata de uma mudan?a psicol?gica positiva resultante de situa??es vividas em circunst?ncias desafiadoras e dif?ceis. Estudos apontam que o desenvolvimento de altos ?ndices de CPT ap?s uma situa??o espec?fica est? positivamente relacionado ao uso de estrat?gias de coping adaptativas, rumina??o, percep??o de suporte social e da situa??o vivida como traum?tica, como ? o caso do c?ncer de mama. Nesta perspectiva, uma medida que avalie diferentes aspectos emocionais e interpessoais do indiv?duo com c?ncer se mostra ?til no trabalho da preven??o e promo??o de sa?de mental e qualidade de vida. O conhecimento acerca dos preditores de CPT, j? descritos na literatura, pode ser usado como recurso para auxiliar no processo de elabora??o. Pode-se assim pensar em tratamentos que priorizem poss?veis aspectos positivos, trabalhando estrat?gias de enfrentamento adaptativas no que diz respeito ao aux?lio na elabora??o da situa??o. Esta disserta??o teve como objetivo geral verificar se percep??o de suporte social, rumina??o e uso de estrat?gias de coping adaptativas apresentam correla??o com os escores de CPT de mulheres com diagn?stico confirmado de c?ncer de mama. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e explorat?ria, dividida em dois estudos. O primeiro uma revis?o sistem?tica que buscou copilar e discutir resultados de estudos que objetivaram estudar a rumina??o e/ou suporte social como preditores de CPT. O segundo um estudo emp?rico, transversal e explorat?rio, com objetivo de verificar se o CPT ? uma vari?vel presente em mulheres com c?ncer de mama no Brasil (n=84) e se rumina??o, suporte social e estrat?gias de coping adaptativas se mostram preditores do mesmo nesta popula??o. Utilizou-se o Invent?rio de Crescimento P?s-Traum?tico, Invent?rio de Estrat?gias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus, Escala de Percep??o de Suporte Social, Question?rio de Rumina??o e Reflex?o, Escala Baptista de Depress?o ? vers?o adultos, e aplicada ficha de dados 10 sociodemogr?ficos e de sa?de. No estudo 1, encontrou-se 12 artigos que corresponderam aos crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o estabelecidos. Atrav?s de an?lise quantitativa da qualidade metodol?gica e qualitativa dos resultados, observou-se que h? quase consenso de que rumina??o e suporte social s?o vari?veis preditoras de CPT em diferentes popula??es. J? no estudo 2, o suporte social marital e estrat?gias de coping adaptativas foram preditoras de CPT na amostra estudada. O escore total de suporte social n?o se mostrou preditor, mas apresentou correla??o positiva significativa. Ademais, possuir religi?o de identifica??o contribuiu em modelos regressivos para dois diferentes fatores que comp?e o instrumento para avalia??o de CPT. A partir dos estudos, concluiu-se que as vari?veis suporte social, rumina??o e estrat?gias de coping adaptativas se mostram preditoras de maiores escores de CPT. Por?m, acredita-se que as mesmas apresentem diferentes contribui??es de acordo com as popula??es estudadas. O estudo de preditores ainda ? recente no Brasil no que diz respeito ao CPT. A partir desta pesquisa, abre-se espa?o para outros estudos, com diferentes popula??es e metodologias, a fim de melhor compreender as especificidades do modelo e das vari?veis avaliadas no contexto brasileiro. Entretanto, esta disserta??o contribui para o embasamento de estrat?gias de interven??o pautadas nestes preditores para esta popula??o espec?fica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana claudia.pdf: 454849 bytes, checksum: 2ec7642700236761ec5d3bf8ff3aebc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-08 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Cancer is a disease characterized by the loss of the control of the cellular division and by the capacity of these disorganized cells to invade others organic structures. In Brazilian women, the breast cancer is the type of cancer that causes more deaths, but if it is detected early, there are large chances of cure. Many times it is discovered late which leads to mutilation treatment to the woman, as surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely (mastectomy) followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Undergoing a mastectomy because of a chronic disease has a very complex connotation to the women because their symbol of femininity, seduction and maternity has been removed. The changes in these women lives are in the personal, familiar and professional field. Therefore, it is extremely important that researches are made, seeking to know about the behaviors that contribute to the promotion of the psychological well-being of these women. This research had for objective to accomplish a functional analysis of the women's behaviors after the mastectomy surgery. Were interviewed four women that went by the mastectomy, with ages varying among 34 and 49 years old, leaded by a mastologist. The interviews were recorded and completely transcribed. The women also maintained a written registration, during fifteen days, in which they specified the context, the actions, feelings and thoughts corresponding to the situation, as well as their consequences of the existences related to the cancer. Categories of behaviors were identified and analyzed in their functions. The categories more mentioned by that sample were: believes (faith and faith in God and behaviors optimists), received social and family support and reflections regarding the own life. For each category of behavior, a functional analysis was accomplished as well as some were given examples of the participants verbalizations that demonstrate the antecedents, the behaviors and the consequences of these. It was verified that having faith and believing in God were behaviors that evoke positive consequences that can contribute to face the cancer. Optimistic behaviors increase the occurrence probability of the adhesion behaviors to the treatment (as taking medications, to going to the doctor, for instance). In the participants verbalization, we can observe that the social and familiar support is considered extremely important to the women. The context which women with breast cancer are involved also provides reflections about their own lives, contributing to self-knowledge. The diagnosis of the cancer, its treatment and its consequences are considered antecedent stimulus that evoke the behaviors included by the mentioned categories. Those behaviors generate diversified consequences, as positive and negative reinforcement. With this procedure it was possible to know some variables that act in the post-mastectomy atmosphere, which contributes to the elaboration of analyticalbehavior intervention programs that could benefit women with breast cancer. / O c?ncer ? uma doen?a que se caracteriza pela perda do controle da divis?o celular e pela capacidade destas c?lulas desorganizadas invadirem outras estruturas org?nicas. Nas mulheres brasileiras, o c?ncer de mama ? o tipo de neoplasia que mais causa mortes, por?m se detectado precocemente, h? alta chances de cura. Muitas vezes, ele ? descoberto tardiamente, gerando tratamento mutilantes ? mulher, como a retirada parcial ou total da mama e a realiza??o da quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Extirpar a mama em decorr?ncia de uma enfermidade cr?nica possui uma conota??o extremamente complexa para a mulher, pois o s?mbolo de feminilidade, sedu??o e maternidade foi amputado. As mudan?as na vida desta mulher englobam as esferas pessoal, profissional e familiar. Assim, ? de extrema import?ncia que pesquisas sejam feitas, visando conhecer os comportamentos que contribuem com a promo??o do bem-estar psicol?gico. Para tanto, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar uma an?lise funcional dos comportamentos de mulheres ap?s a cirurgia de mastectomia. Foram entrevistadas quatro mulheres que passaram pela mastectomia, com idades variando de 34 a 49 anos, encaminhadas por um mastologista. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas em sua ?ntegra. As mulheres mantiveram tamb?m um registro escrito, durante quinze dias, em que especificaram o contexto, as a??es, sentimentos e pensamentos correspondentes ? situa??o, bem como suas conseq??ncias, das viv?ncias relacionadas ao c?ncer. Categorias de comportamentos foram identificadas e analisadas em suas fun??es. As categorias mais citadas por essa amostra foram: cren?as (m?sticas e otimistas), receber apoio social e familiar e busca pelo auto-conheimento. Para cada categoria de comportamento foi realizada uma an?lise funcional bem como foram dados alguns exemplos de verbaliza??es das participantes que demonstram os antecedentes, os comportamentos e as conseq??ncias destes. Verificou-se que acreditar em um ser superior que possa trazer a cura s?o comportamentos que desencadeiam conseq??ncias positivas que podem contribuir para o enfrentamento da enfermidade. Os comportamentos otimistas aumentam a probabilidade de ocorr?ncia dos comportamentos de ades?o ao tratamento (como tomar medica??es, ir ao m?dico, por exemplo). Nas verbaliza??es das participantes observa-se que o apoio social e familiar recebido ? considerado de extrema import?ncia no contexto vivenciado. O contexto ao qual encontram-se as mulheres com c?ncer de mama tamb?m proporcionaram reflex?es ? respeito da pr?pria vida, contribuindo com o autoconhecimento. O diagn?stico do c?ncer, seu tratamento e suas conseq??ncias s?o considerados est?mulos antecedentes, que evocam os comportamentos englobados pelas categorias citadas. Esses comportamentos, por sua vez, geram conseq??ncias diversificadas, como refor?o positivo e negativo. Desta maneira, com esse procedimento foi poss?vel conhecer algumas vari?veis que atuam no ambiente p?s-mastectomia, o que contribui para elabora??o de programas de interven??o anal?tico-comportamentais que poderiam beneficiar as mulheres acometidas por c?ncer de mama

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TamaraSDF.pdf: 1092572 bytes, checksum: 18d395ac155c9b4599ee4b4c774b66ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-27 / This work deals with an analysis related to the social worker s practice in the oncology area. It aims to identify demands, work conditions as well as current challenges related to this profession. It considers the specificities of breast cancer and relates it to political decisions in the health sector considering the concept of contemporary capitalism. The study analyzes professional action and the demands presented by breast cancer patients who are currently in treatment in Hospital Dr. Luiz Ant?nio em Natal-Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil. The methodological procedures considered of documental analysis, semi-structured interviews (with two social workers that work with fifteen breast cancer patients) as well as participant observation; which was done counting with my own professional practice in the oncology area. Thus, the research also discusses the breast cancer issue in the life of the users considering their social-economical, cultural and political determinants. Factors such as age in which the diagnosis was known, the relation user/social workers, number of children, rights of the oncology patient, place where he/she lives, education, civil status, (re)insertion of the professional in the work field, perception of self-esteem and bio-psycho-social representation of breast cancer in the lives of these women, all of which were dealt with in this research / O presente estudo trata de uma an?lise sobre o cotidiano do(a) assistente social na ?rea da oncologia e tem como objetivo identificar as demandas, condi??es de trabalho e os desafios contempor?neos postos ? profiss?o, considerando as particularidades do c?ncer de mama ? luz das determina??es da pol?tica de sa?de no contexto do capitalismo contempor?neo. O estudo analisa a atua??o desse profissional frente ?s demandas apresentadas pela paciente portadora do c?ncer de mama em tratamento no Hospital Dr. Luiz Ant?nio em Natal/RN. Integraram os procedimentos metodol?gicos a an?lise documental, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com (duas assistentes sociais que atuam na ?rea oncol?gica e quinze mulheres portadoras do c?ncer de mama) como tamb?m a observa??o participante, ? partir da minha pr?tica profissional na ?rea da oncologia. Por fim, situa-se a problem?tica do c?ncer de mama na vida das usu?rias em seus determinantes s?cio- econ?micos-culturais e pol?ticos destacando fatores como idade em que soube do diagn?stico, rela??o usu?ria/assistente social, n?mero de filhos, direitos do(a) paciente oncol?gico, local onde reside, escolaridade, estado civil, (re)inser??o profissional frente ao mundo do trabalho, a percep??o da auto-estima e a representa??o sob o ponto de vista bio-psico-social do c?ncer de mama na vida destas mulheres

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleDOM.pdf: 4785860 bytes, checksum: db3d79f21aa78adaf621d445bb916769 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study is about the users' experiences of the services offered by League Against C?ncer that are in treatment of breast cancer, focusing on how the health/illness process develops. It is distinguished, in this context, the National Politics of Health, approaching the sprouting, implantation and consolidation process of the Unified Health System and its shocks on the installment of health services to the low-income population as a legit right from Citizen Constitution. It has as an objective to analyze how the social-economic extract of these women intervenes with such process, the aspects who involve the cancer while a pathology, approaching the signals, symptoms, forms of prevention, diagnosis, among other aspects that configure themselves as important points to the understanding of these experiences, since the diagnosis, treatment and control phases. The research was carried out with 25 women, between the months of January and February of year of 2005. The used technique was the scriptstructured interview, whose universe was defined through intentional sample. The following distinguishes as a result of the research: The majority of the women has its origins on the interior of the state, possesses a familiar income from one to three minimum wages and didn't make any kind of prevention before diagnosis, currently make treatment, beyond other aspects. It becomes necessary posterior studies on this social problematic, with respect to the personal, professional, familiar and social daily behavior of these women. It is worth mentioning that the role of the social assistant in the developed work with these women, understanding all the impediments associated with such experiences, as well as giving information about the rights of the patients with cancer, conquered through the years / Trata-se de um estudo sobre as viv?ncias das usu?rias dos servi?os da Liga Contra o C?ncer que est?o em tratamento de c?ncer de mama enfocando como se d? o processo sa?de/ doen?a. Destaca-se, neste contexto, a Pol?tica Nacional de Sa?de, abordando o surgimento, implanta??o e processo de consolida??o do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de e seus embates na presta??o dos servi?os de sa?de ? popula??o de baixa renda enquanto direito, a partir da Constitui??o Cidad?. Tem como objetivo analisar de que maneira o extrato s?cio-econ?mico dessas mulheres interfere em tal processo, os aspectos que envolvem o c?ncer, enquanto patologia, abordando os sinais, sintomas, formas de preven??o, diagn?stico, entre outros aspectos que se configuram como pontos importantes para o entendimento dessas experi?ncias, desde as fases de diagn?stico, tratamento e controle. A pesquisa foi realizada com 25 mulheres, entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2005. A t?cnica utilizada foi a entrevista estruturada a partir de um roteiro, cuja defini??o do universo se deu atrav?s da amostra intencional. Como resultados da pesquisa destacam-se: a maioria ? procedente do interior do estado, possuem o ensino fundamental incompleto, s?o casadas, tem mais de 62 anos, possuem renda familiar de1a 3 sal?rios m?nimos e n?o faziam nenhum tipo de preven??o antes do diagn?stico, atualmente fazem tratamento, al?m de outros aspectos. Fazem-se necess?rios estudos posteriores sobre esta problem?tica social, no que diz respeito ao cotidiano pessoal, profissional, familiar e social dessas mulheres. Vale ressaltar o papel do assistente social frente ao trabalho desenvolvido junto a essas mulheres, compreendendo todos os entraves associados a tais viv?ncias, bem como prestando informa??es acerca dos direitos dos pacientes com c?ncer, conquistados ao longo dos anos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElianoSS_DISSERT_1red.pdf: 5373199 bytes, checksum: ee59048924e698c1f31b1138cc36cf78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Mammography is a diagnostic imaging method in which interpretation depends on knowledge of radiological aspects as well as the clinical exam and pathophysiology of breast diseases. In this work a mammography phantom was developed to be used for training in the operation of mammographic x-ray equipment, image quality evaluation, self-examination and clinical examination of palpation. Polyurethane was used for the production of the phantoms for its physical and chemical properties and because it is one of the components normally used in prostheses. According to the range of flexibility of the polyurethane, it was possible to simulate breasts with higher or lower amount of adipose tissue. Pathologies such as areolar necrosis and tissue rejection due to surgery reconstruction after partial mastectomy were also simulated. Calcifications and nodules were simulated using the following materials: polyethylene, poly (methyl methacrylate), polyamide, polyurethane and poly (dimethyl silicone). Among these, polyethylene was able to simulate characteristics of calcification as well as breast nodules. The results from mammographic techniques used in this paper for the evaluation of the phantoms are in agreement with data found in the literature. The image analyses of four phantoms indicated significant similarities with the human skin texture and the female breast parenchyma. It was possible to detect in the radiographic images produced regions of high and low radiographic optical density, which are characteristic of breasts with regions of different amount of adipose tissue. The stiffnesses of breast phantoms were adjusted according to the formulation of the polyurethane which enabled the production of phantoms with distinct radiographic features and texture similar to human female breast parenchyma. Clinical palpation exam of the phantoms developed in this work indicated characteristics similar to human breast in skin texture, areolar region and parenchyma / A mamografia ? um m?todo de diagn?stico por imagem, cuja interpreta??o depende do conhecimento dos aspectos radiol?gicos assim como da cl?nica e da fisiopatologia das doen?as mam?rias. A metodologia deste trabalho permitiu o desenvolvimento de um simulador (phantom) mam?rio com aplica??o voltada para o uso did?tico em equipamento mamogr?fico, avalia??o de qualidade da imagem dos equipamentos mamogr?ficos, autoexame e treinamento did?tico para o exame cl?nico de palpa??o. O material usado para a produ??o do simulador foi ? base de poliuretano sendo consideradas suas propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas e por ser este um dos componentes de pr?teses utilizadas em seres humanos. Variando a faixa de flexibilidade do poliuretano foi poss?vel simular mamas com maior e menor quantidade de tecido adiposo, resultados verificados nas imagens dos exames mamogr?ficos. Patologias de necrose da ar?ola da mama e degenerativas ocasionadas por rejei??o de tecido devido ? cirurgia de reconstitui??o ap?s mastectomia parcial, tamb?m foram simuladas. Calcifica??es e n?dulos foram simulados utilizando os seguintes materiais: polietileno, poli(metacrilato de metila), poliamida, poliuretano e o poli(silicone de dimetila). Destaca-se entre estes materiais o polietileno que apresentou caracter?sticas tanto de calcifica??o quanto n?dulo. Os resultados das t?cnicas mamogr?ficas utilizadas neste trabalho para os exames mamogr?ficos dos phantoms est?o de acordo com a faixa de valores encontrados na literatura. A an?lise das imagens realizadas para quatro phantoms indicaram semelhan?as significativas com a textura da pele e do par?nquima da mama humana feminina. Foi poss?vel detectar nas imagens radiogr?ficas geradas regi?es de baixa e alta densidade ?ptica radiogr?fica, caracter?stica de mamas com regi?es de menor e maior quantidade de tecido adiposo. Devido ? formula??o do poliuretano formado ocorreu varia??o da rigidez do simulador mam?rio, o que possibilitou a produ??o de mamas com caracter?sticas radiogr?ficas distintas al?m de textura similar ao par?nquima da mama humana feminina. Foram observadas as caracter?sticas similares da textura da pele, regi?o areolar e par?nquima no exame cl?nico palpat?rio dos simuladores desenvolvidos neste trabalho

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-27T00:21:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NayaraPriscilaDantasDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1338360 bytes, checksum: e4a924e9aed2ef9db758540f32e2a83f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-27T20:05:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NayaraPriscilaDantasDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1338360 bytes, checksum: e4a924e9aed2ef9db758540f32e2a83f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-27T20:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NayaraPriscilaDantasDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1338360 bytes, checksum: e4a924e9aed2ef9db758540f32e2a83f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20 / O c?ncer de mama apresenta altas taxas de incid?ncia e atualmente observa-se aumento consider?vel na taxa de sobrevida, de modo que a qualidade desta sobreviv?ncia passa a ser considerada uma importante quest?o de sa?de p?blica. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a preval?ncia de incapacidade funcional e seus fatores associados em mulheres sobreviventes ao tratamento do c?ncer de mama. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 101 mulheres residentes no munic?pio de Natal-RN com diagn?stico de neoplasia maligna da mama, que foram submetidas ao tratamento oncol?gico h? no m?nimo um ano e que ainda permanecem em acompanhamento cl?nico na Liga Norte Riograndense contra o C?ncer. O estudo foi composto por duas fases de coleta de dados, realizadas com o acesso aos prontu?rios das pacientes e com entrevistas individuais. A capacidade funcional foi aferida por meio do instrumento Disabilities of the Arm and Shoulder (DASH). Coletaram-se tamb?m vari?veis relacionadas ?s caracter?sticas socioecon?micas, h?bitos de vida, condi??es de sa?de, hist?rico ginecol?gico e obst?trico, caracter?sticas cl?nicas do tumor e abordagem terap?utica. A an?lise bivariada foi realizada por meio do teste teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson (Exato de Fisher). A an?lise multivariada foi feita por meio da Regress?o de Poisson com vari?ncia robusta. Considerou-se o n?vel de confian?a de 95%. A idade m?dia das mulheres inclu?das no estudo foi de 56,19 anos (?10,6), com renda m?dia mensal de 3,88 (?4,5) sal?rios m?nimos e com acesso ao servi?o de sa?de p?blico predominante (50,5%). Em sua maioria, as pacientes foram submetidas ? abordagem cir?rgica conservadora (53,5%). A preval?ncia de incapacidade funcional foi de 22,8% (IC95%: 13,9-31,6). A capacidade funcional mostrou-se associada de maneira estatisticamente significativa ? idade e ao tipo de acesso ao servi?o de sa?de. Pode-se concluir que as pacientes mais jovens sofreram maior impacto do tratamento do c?ncer de mama na funcionalidade quando comparadas ?s mulheres mais idosas. Quanto ao acesso ao servi?o de sa?de, as mulheres que receberam acompanhamento cl?nico p?blico apresentaram maior ocorr?ncia de incapacidade funcional, o que aponta para a necessidade de servi?os de sa?de mais organizados na sua rede assistencial, menos burocr?ticos e efetivamente resolutivos, minimizando os impactos do tratamento oncol?gico nas condi??es de vida e sa?de das sobreviventes do c?ncer de mama. / Breast cancer shows high incidence and mortality rates. However, a considerable increase in the survival rate is observed, so that the quality of life is now considered an important public health issue. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of disability and associated factors in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. It is a cross-sectional study made with 101 women living in a city named Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, diagnosed with malignant neoplasm of the breast, who underwent cancer treatment for at least one year and still remain in clinical attendance in the Northern League against cancer. The study consisted of two phases of data collection, performed with access to the medical records of patients and individual interviews. The functional capacity was measured by a questionnaire called DASH. Variables related to socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, health, gynecological and obstetrical history, clinical characteristics of the tumor and therapeutic approach were also collected. The bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's chisquare test (Fisher's Exact), calculating the prevalence ratio with an interval of confidence of 95%. The multivariate analysis was performed by Poisson regression with strong variance. It was considered the statistical significance level of 0.05. The average age of the women included in the study was 56,19 years (? 10,6), which in majority were white, married or in stable relationship, with high levels of education, with an average monthly income of 3 , 88 (? 4.5) times the minimum wage and access to the overriding public health service (50.5%). The prevalence of disability was 22,8% (95% CI 13,9 to 31,6). The ductal carcinoma was the most common diagnosis among women, affecting 78,2% of the sample. Most of the patients underwent conservative surgical approach (53,5%) with axillary approach (92,1%). Late postoperative complications were reported by 71,3% of the interviewed women. Functional capacity was associated with a statistically significant manner to the age and type of access to health services. It can be concluded that younger patients had a greater impact of the treatment of breast cancer in functionality when compared to older women. About the access to health services, women who received public clinical monitoring reported higher rates of disability, which points to the need for health services more organized in your care network, less bureaucratic and effectively resolving capacity, minimizing the impact of treatment cancer in living conditions and health of survivors of breast cancer.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Fileti.pdf: 341605 bytes, checksum: 22b6ac71b02c0368db63564346f9cb49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Cancer is among the most important causes of death in Brazil and around the world. The most common type to origin death in women is the breast cancer. This study intended to analyze the possible contingences that people with breast cancer were exposed before the beginning of the disease in order to understand the relationship between the behavior and development of cancer. Participated of this study four women with primary diagnosis of breast neoplasm, without history breast cancer in their family (mother and/or sister), age between 40 and 51, that have had children and with medical following in an Oncology s Ambulatory of a general hospital. The theory selected was the Behavior Analysis, based on Radical Behaviorism Philosophy. Considering the data obtained by the relates of the participants during the clinical interview, it was done the analysis of behaviors that presented relevant in previous period of the disease establishment, that had variation of 4 to 8 years depending on the medical diagnosis to each participant. The results indicated that there is a common behavior style of social reinforce strong rules, behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement, lack of repertory to identify the uncovered behaviors and their aversive consequences and absence of selfknowledge. The exposition on aversive events and the reduced repertory of escape s behavior suggest a poor repertory in order to work with aversive life events, that would contribute to an organism s vulnerability and possible development of neoplasm. The results may suggest that behavioral standard maybe have link with the development of diseases like the breast cancer. Other surveys in Analysis of Behavior area relating contingences and diseases must be conduced. / O c?ncer figura entre as principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo. O tipo mais comum a provocar mortes em mulheres ? o c?ncer de mama. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as prov?veis conting?ncias a que pessoas portadoras de c?ncer de mama estiveram expostas antes do in?cio da doen?a, a fim de compreender a rela??o entre o comportamento e o desenvolvimento do c?ncer. Participaram do estudo 4 mulheres com diagn?stico prim?rio de neoplasia maligna de mama, sem hist?ria da doen?a na fam?lia (m?e e/ou irm?), com idade entre 40 e 51 anos, com filhos, que encontravam-se em acompanhamento m?dico em um ambulat?rio de oncologia de um hospital geral. A abordagem te?rica selecionada foi a An?lise do Comportamento, baseada na filosofia do Behaviorismo Radical. Por meio dos dados obtidos pelos relatos das participantes durante a entrevista cl?nica, fez-se a an?lise dos comportamentos que se mostraram relevantes na ?poca anterior ao in?cio da doen?a, que variou de 4 a 8 anos dependendo do diagn?stico m?dico para cada participante. Os resultados indicaram um padr?o comportamental comum de presen?a de auto-regras r?gidas refor?adas socialmente, comportamentos mantidos por refor?amento negativo, falta de repert?rio para identifica??o de comportamentos encobertos e as conseq??ncias aversivas desses comportamentos, aus?ncia de autoconhecimento. A exposi??o aos eventos aversivos e o baixo repert?rio de comportamentos de fuga sugerem um pobre repert?rio para lidar com eventos aversivos de vida, o que colaboraria para a vulnerabilidade do organismo e poss?vel desenvolvimento da neoplasia. Os resultados permitem sugerir que padr?es comportamentais possivelmente relacionamse com o desenvolvimento de doen?as como o c?ncer de mama. Outras pesquisas na ?rea da An?lise do Comportamento relacionando conting?ncias e doen?as devem ser conduzidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GreyceGG.pdf: 929158 bytes, checksum: 8ee5f64c315cee46f9d05b47b481ec4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Breast cancer has been considered a grave global public health problem due to its increase in incidence, in women s mortality and in the amount of financial resources spent on the therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of this neoplasia. However, this scenario presents some variations. In developing countries, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing but, on the other hand, the mortality is declining among patients because of public health actions toward early diagnostic that also result in cure of patients and decreasing levels of physical and psychosocial stress. In Brazil, we face of both the increasing number of breast cancer incidence and number of mortalities. Almost always the reason for that is a delayed detection that will provide a late diagnostic. The early detection of breast cancer has been studied in several researches. Some of them are concerned with women s experiences. Despite that, there is a lack of researches on dynamic comprehension of early attention to breast cancer from the health professionals points of view. The present research was carried out at the Unidade Mista de Felipe Camar?o (UMFC) and it was conducted with 11 professionals who work in the Family Health Program (PSF). The aim was to understand how early diagnostic and attention to breast cancer is being planned, discussed and accomplished by health professionals in their day-to-day actions. Semi-structure interviews were held individually with each professional, in a way that they could feel free to express their ideas about several issues. All the information from these interviews was analyzed and discussed using an Institutional Ethnographic approach. It was observed that the actions of health professionals working with early detection of breast cancer does not take place in a vacuum; they occur within institutional, relational and social ways. This interdependence influences their actions and points of view on the theme / O c?ncer de mama ? considerado um grave problema de sa?de p?blica mundial em decorr?ncia do aumento da sua incid?ncia, da mortalidade de mulheres e das grandes somas dispensadas para equacionar as interven??es terap?uticas empregadas a esta neoplasia. Entretanto, este panorama apresenta varia??es. Em pa?ses desenvolvidos h? o aumento da sua incid?ncia, entretanto h? a redu??o da sua mortalidade, sobretudo, pelo direcionamento das a??es de sa?de ? sua aten??o precoce, implicando na cura da grande maioria dos casos e na diminui??o dos impactos f?sicos e psicossociais. No Brasil, nos deparamos com a eleva??o tanto de sua incid?ncia quanto de sua mortalidade, em virtude, muitas vezes, do retardamento na sua detec??o o que ocasionar? o seu diagn?stico tardio. V?rios estudos t?m sido realizados abordando a tem?tica supracitada e muitos destes est?o direcionados ?s experi?ncias das mulheres. Contudo, percebeu-se a car?ncia de pesquisas relacionadas ? compreens?o da din?mica da aten??o precoce do c?ncer de mama a partir do olhar dos profissionais de sa?de. A presente pesquisa foi realizada na Unidade Mista de Felipe Camar?o (UMFC) com 11 profissionais das equipes do Programa de Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF). Objetivou-se compreender como a tem?tica da aten??o precoce estava sendo articulada, discutida e realizada nas a??es cotidianas dos profissionais dessa institui??o. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e a an?lise e discuss?o das informa??es obtidas foi empreendida sob a perspectiva da abordagem da Etnografia Institucional. Observou-se que as a??es dos profissionais voltadas ? aten??o precoce do c?ncer de mama n?o acontecem em um vazio, mas s?o constru?das social, institucional e relacionalmente e essa interdepend?ncia acaba influenciando suas a??es e posicionamentos em rela??o ? tem?tica desta investiga??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisca_DISSERT.pdf: 1698804 bytes, checksum: c290358d2ad4de2eddcf051a76e1f4c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30 / This study is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The objective was to identify the actions for the early detection of breast cancer conducted by the health professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the Trairi region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The research was conducted in nine municipalities of the region. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with 52 Family Health Strategy professionals, 30 nurses and 22 physicians, that work in the region. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The results were organized and discussed in three areas: Knowledge about the early detection of breast cancer; Actions for early detection detection of breast cancer, and Difficulties experienced in the screening actions for breast cancer. The results indicate that these professionals (100%) have knowledge of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer and that the majority (96,2%) conduct screening actions in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. However, a considerable number (55,8%) of these professionals encounters difficulties while conducting the screening procedures in his work setting. The difficulties varied from those of a personal nature to those of access to the procedure, such as the unavailability of sufficient quotas of screening exams. We conclude that the majority of health professionals execute the screening actions for breast cancer in their work settings according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, even though they encounter difficulties in the conclusion of the mammography and ultrasound exams, essential procedures in the early detection of breast cancer. We understand that these professionals demonstrate knowledge of secondary prevention even though they do not execute all the actions necessary for early detection primarily because they are impeded by the blockage of access to exam quotas. We conclude that, in spite of the difficulties experienced, the procedures for the early detection of breast cancer are being executed by the majority of the Family Health Strategy professionals in the Trair? region, specifically the clinical examination of the breast, orientation of breast self examination, requests for mammography and ultra sound examinations. Measures are needed that can mediate the difficulties, that will permit the realization of secondary prevention procedures with the population at risk in the region. We suggest training and actualization courses on the complete screening process that includes a wide discussion of the new legislation that provides the mammography exam for women over 40 years. We believe that the acquisition of such a work perspective for the early detection of breast cancer, along with knowledge of health vigilance and of breast cancer, will enhance integral health care of women that constitutes an aim of the nurse and the family health team / Trata-se de um estudo descritivo explorat?rio com abordagem quantitativa, que teve como objetivo identificar as a??es de detec??o precoce do c?ncer de mama realizadas por profissionais da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia na regi?o Trairi, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nos nove munic?pios dessa regi?o. Os dados foram coletados atrav?s de um question?rio junto a 52 profissionais da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia, sendo 30 enfermeiros e 22 m?dicos. A an?lise foi realizada por meio de estat?stica descritiva. Os resultados foram organizados e discutidos em tr?s grandes itens: conhecimento dos profissionais sobre a detec??o precoce do c?ncer de mama; a??es de detec??o precoce do c?ncer de mama e dificuldades vivenciadas pelos profissionais no rastreamento do c?ncer de mama. Os resultados indicam que estes profissionais em geral, possuem experi?ncia na ?rea de atua??o, todos eles (100%) t?m algum conhecimento sobre os sinais e sintomas do c?ncer de mama e que a maioria (96,2%) desenvolve a??es de rastreamento conforme orienta??es do Minist?rio da Sa?de. No entanto, um grupo consider?vel de profissionais (55,8%) enfrenta dificuldades nas condutas de rastreamento em seu ambientes de trabalho. As dificuldades variam, de empecilhos de ordem pessoal ? de acesso, como a indisponibilidade de cotas para exames de rastreamento. Conclu?mos que a maioria dos profissionais executa as a??es de rastreamento do c?ncer de mama em seus ambientes de trabalho conforma preconizado pelo Minist?rio da Sa?de, embora haja dificuldades de acesso e de conclus?o dos exames de mamografia e ultrasonografia, essenciais na detec??o precoce. Entendemos que os profissionais refletem um conhecimento das a??es de preven??o secund?ria, embora n?o haja um envolvimento completo nas medidas de detec??o precoce do c?ncer de mama, devido ao bloqueio no processo de vigil?ncia em sa?de imposto pela situa??o de disponibilidade de cotas. Assim, conclu?mos que as a??es de detec??o precoce de c?ncer de mama no contexto da ESF na regi?o do Trairi est?o sendo desenvolvidas em parte, apesar das dificuldades vivenciadas. H? necessidade de medidas que possam mediar esses empecilhos e que permitam os profissionais efetivar suas a??es de preven??o secund?ria com rela??o ao c?ncer de mama junto ? popula??o feminina em risco na regi?o. Sugerimos a realiza??o de treinamentos e capacita??es dos profissionais para a realiza??o das a??es de rastreamento de forma plena e uma ampla discuss?o da nova legisla??o que viabiliza o exame mamogr?fico para mulheres acima de 40 anos, faixa et?ria em risco para esta patologia. Acreditamos que tal perspectiva de trabalho do enfermeiro na detec??o precoce de altera??es mamaria atrav?s de a??es de rastreamento, juntamente com o conhecimento cient?fico de vigil?ncia em sa?de e sobre c?ncer de mama, aproximar? o enfermeiro, como membro da equipe sa?de da fam?lia, da aten??o integral ? mulher que tanto almeja