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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Variações do mito de Nêmesis nos escritos de Albert Camus / Variations of the myth of Nemesis in Albert Camuss writings

Araujo, Raphael Luiz de 01 December 2017 (has links)
Dentre os planos que Albert Camus estabeleceu para a sua obra, prevaleceu nos seus escritos e declarações a tríplice que incluía os ciclos do absurdo, da revolta e do amor. Cada um dos ciclos seria composto de pelo menos uma peça de teatro, um romance e um ensaio, além de também ser acompanhado de um mito central, sendo respectivamente Sísifo, Prometeu e Nêmesis. Com a sua morte súbita em acidente de carro aos 46 anos, o escritor deixou alguns vestígios do que viria a compor o seu terceiro ciclo: o romance inacabado O primeiro homem, anotações sobre a peça Don Fausto e elementos para o ensaio O mito de Nêmesis. A presente pesquisa reúne e contextualiza os rastros deixados por Camus em torno da sua relação com o mito de Nêmesis a fim de oferecer uma chave de leitura para a sua obra e expor um panorama formal, temático e filosófico de um dos seus últimos projetos de ensaio. / Among the plans that Albert Camus has established to his work it has prevailed, in his writings and declarations, the triple that includes cycles of absurd, revolt and love. Each one of the cycles would be composed at least of a theater play, a novel and an essay. Besides, they are also followed by a central myth, being Sisyphus, Prometheus and Nemesis. After Camus sudden death at age 46, he left some traces of what would it be consisted his third cycle: the unfinished novel The first man, notes about the play Don Faust and elements for the essay The myth of Nemesis. The presented research reunites and contextualizes the traces let by Camus around his relationship with the myth of Nemesis in order to offer a reading key to his work and to expose a formal, thematic and philosophical overview of this essay project.
142

Língua, Exílio e Memória: uma leitura comparativa de Le Premier Homme, de Albert Camus e La disparition de la langue française, de Assia Djebar / Language, Exile and Memory: a comparative reading of Le Premier Homme, by Albert Camus and La disparition de la langue française, by Assia Djebar

Lameirinha, Cristianne Aparecida de Brito 18 October 2013 (has links)
Este estudo propõe uma análise comparativa entre Le Premier Homme, de Albert Camus, e La disparition de la langue française, de Assia Djebar, tendo como contexto os impasses que cercaram a colonização francesa da Argélia, bem como o período posterior à sua independência, a partir da reflexão sobre as inter-relações língua, exílio e memória. Albert Camus é um escritor de origem francesa, nascido na Argélia. Assia Djebar é uma argelina de origem árabe, que escreve em francês. Nos romances em questão, parte-se da perspectiva da vida privada dos protagonistas para alcançar o espaço da memória coletiva tanto de franceses pobres quanto de árabes. Jacques Cormery e Berkane constituem-se como porta-vozes de seus antepassados, restituindo-lhes o direito a uma memória esfacelada e vista como desimportante pelo poder colonial. A fim de estabelecer essa leitura comparativa, procura-se compreender a relevância da literatura magrebina de língua francesa, com destaque para a produção da Argélia, em paralelo aos princípios ético-culturais da École dAlger, movimento ao qual se associava Albert Camus. A seguir, refletimos sobre as relações entre os conceitos de literatura e história, ficção e autobiografia, fundamentais à análise propriamente dita de ambos os romances. / The aim of this study is to develop a comparative analysis of Albert Camus Le Premier Homme and La disparition de la langue française, by Algerian writer Assia Djebar, having as backdrop the context of French colonization deadlocks in Algeria, as well as in the period after independence. Our starting point is based around reflection on the relations between language, exile and memory. Albert Camus, of French origin, was born in Algeria, while Assia Djebar, of Arab descent, writes in French. The analysis of both novels begins from the perspective of the private lives of the main characters, to establish a space of collective memory of both poor people of French origin and people of Arab descent. Jacques Cormery and Berkane became spokesmen of their ancestors, thus restoring to them the right to a shattered memory, seen as unimportant by the colonial power. To achieve this comparative reading, it is necessary to understand the relevance of Maghrebian literature in French, with emphasis on the production of Algeria, in parallel to the ethical-cultural École dAlger, movement to which Albert Camus was associated. Next, we reflect upon the relationship between the concepts of literature and history, fiction and autobiography, fundamental to the analysis of both novels.
143

La rosée sur les ruines: une lecture du processus de création du roman inachevé Le Premier Homme dAlbert Camus / O orvalho sobre as ruínas: uma leitura do processo de criação do romance inacabado Le Premier Homme dAlbert Camus

Geske, Samara Fernanda Almeida Oliveira de Locio e Silva 15 April 2016 (has links)
A partir de létablissement dune transcription diplomatique du manuscrit du roman inachevé Le Premier Homme dAlbert Camus, lobjectif de cette thèse est de proposer une lecture du processus de création en ayant par guide une image camusienne : celle de la rosée du matin qui se dépose sur les ruines qui condense lidée de la recherche, dun point de vue personnel mais aussi esthétique, dun équilibre profond entre le passé et le présent, lancien et le nouveau, entre le désir davancer et le besoin du retour, entre le mouvement dinnovation et celui de reprise. Dabord, notre but est de montrer que depuis les années cinquante, Camus rêve dun renouvellement comme homme et comme artiste, mais cette envie dune vie nouvelle nest au fond quune envie de retour aux premières années et aux premiers écrits sur lesquels il veut jeter une lumière neuve. En effet, cest lidée dun nouveau roman sur la « Recherche du père » que lui permet de reprendre ses premières notes et ses écrits de jeunesse sur « Lenfance pauvre ». De cette façon, le début et la fin loeuvre camusienne sont profondément liés, Le Premier Homme peut être compris comme un grand projet décriture, dont la période de gestation sest prolongée pendant vingt ans. Cette reprise ne serait pas possible que par le mûrissement de Camus comme artiste, qui à travers létablissement dune théorie du roman à lui, arrive à trouver léquilibre, absent au début, entre une oeuvre qui se nourrit de son expérience personnelle et lenvie de créer un univers fictionnel. Dans cet apprentissage de lécrivain, le patronage de Proust et Tolstoï a été fondamental aussi pour trouver léquilibre entre le passé personnel et historique et loeuvre littéraire dont lécriture dépose une fraiche rosée sur les ruines. / Partindo do estabelecimento de uma transcrição diplomática do manuscrito do romance inacabado Le Premier Homme de Albert Camus, o objetivo desta tese é propor uma leitura do processo de criação tendo por guia uma imagem camusiana: a do orvalho da manhã que se deposita sobre as ruínas, que condensa a ideia de uma busca, ao mesmo tempo pessoal e estética, de um equilíbrio profundo entre o passado e o presente, o antigo e o novo, entre o desejo de avançar e a necessidade do retorno, entre o movimento de inovação e o de retomada. Primeiramente, nosso objetivo é mostrar que desde os anos cinquenta Camus sonha com uma renovação como homem e como artista, mas este desejo de uma vida nova é no fundo um desejo de retornar aos primeiros anos de sua vida e aos primeiros escritos lançando sobre eles uma nova luz. Precisamente, é a ideia de um novo romance sobre a Busca do Pai que lhe permite de retomar suas primeiras notas e seus primeiros escritos sobre a Infância Pobre. Desta maneira, o começo e o fim da obra camusiana estão profundamente ligados: O Primeiro Homem pode ser compreendido como um grande projeto de escrita, cujo período de gestação se estendeu por vinte anos. Esta retomada, entretanto, só se tornou possível por meio do amadurecimento do escritor, que através do estabelecimento de uma teoria romance própria, consegue encontrar o equilíbrio, ausente no início, entre uma obra que se alimenta de sua experiência pessoal e o desejo de criar um universo ficcional. Neste aprendizado do escritor, os modelos de Proust e Tolstoi foram fundamentais para encontrar o equilíbrio entre o passado pessoal e histórico e a obra literária cuja escrita deposita um fresco orvalho sobre essas ruínas.
144

EXISTÊNCIA E RELIGIÃO EM ALBERT CAMUS: Relações entre o absurdo e a revolta

Almeida, Kleiton Cerqueira de 04 May 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kleiton Cerqueira.pdf: 516604 bytes, checksum: fe4899e2265fa8146e0aab6169fe3647 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present research pursuits from two fundamental bases of Albert Camus thought, which are, absurd and the revolt discusses the relation between Camus thought and religion with regard to his refusal to accept the conception or attitude that resorts to a meaning beyond human existence. Camus - who was an Algerian writer and received a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1959. He conceived the absurd as an experience resultant of the awareness of asymmetry current in the human existence. This asymmetry is set in the extreme between the human desire for happiness, unity and fullness and the evidence expressed by pain, fragmentation and limitation. The revolt exists in this scenery as Camus answer for the simultaneously demand for justice and revolt against death. As far as religion is concerned, Camus understands it as an escape founded on hope. This escape neglects and impedes the extreme consideration of human condition. The religious hope, in short, invalidate the revolt as a legitimate answer to the existential condition, as it intends to justify the injustice as an answer to a mystery. As it was provided the description of absurd and the revolt, this research turns to Paul Tillich s thought, a German theologian and philosopher, as a theoretical reference in order to analyse the specific relation between religion and Camus thought. The concept of religion and faith in Paul Tillich is as an important element as it takes into consideration the existence of an ambiguity in the religious experience, performed by Paul Tillich from the dialogue between finite and infinite, or, in other words, between the being and the no being. From Paul Tillich, we ask about the possibility of religion, even amid statement of the impossibility of the eternal. So, there ensue to the consideration that the carrying out of religious experience in Camus as an expression of a profane transcendence, where the refusal of God take communion with an everlasting demanding for perfection and eternity. / A presente pesquisa busca, a partir dos dois pólos fundamentais ao pensamento de Albert Camus, a saber, o absurdo e a revolta, discutir a relação do pensamento camusiano com a religião, no que tange fundamentalmente à sua recusa frente a um pensamento ou atitude que recorra a um sentido além da existência humana. Camus escritor franco-argelino e Prêmio Nobel de Literatura em 1959 concebeu o absurdo como a experiência resultante da consciência de assimetria vigente na existência humana. Esta assimetria se estabelece na polarização entre o anseio humano por felicidade, união e plenitude e a evidência expressa pela existência de dor, fragmentação e limite. A revolta subsiste neste cenário como resposta camusina: esta é concomitantemente reivindicação de justiça e insurreição contra a morte. No que concerne à religião, Camus compreende uma fuga fundamentada na esperança. Esta fuga negligencia e impede a consideração radical da condição humana. A esperança religiosa, em suma, anula a revolta como resposta legitima a condição existencial: pretende justificar o injusto com base em um mistério. Realizada a descrição do absurdo e da revolta, recorre-se ao pensamento do teólogo e filósofo alemão Paul Tillich, como referencial teórico para a análise específica da relação entre religião e pensamento camusiano. O conceito de religião e fé em Paul Tillich apresenta-se como elemento importante para a consideração desta relação ao salientar a vigência da ambigüidade na experiência religiosa, interpretada em Paul Tillich a partir da experiência dialógica entre o finito e o infinito, ou, em outros termos, entre o ser e o não-ser. A partir de Paul Tillich pergunta-se sobre a possibilidade da religião, mesmo em meio à afirmação da impossibilidade do eterno. Caminha-se, assim, para a consideração da efetividade da experiência religiosa em Camus como expressão de uma transcendência profana , onde a recusa a Deus comunga com uma perene reivindicação da perfeição e do eterno.
145

O sol por testemunha : o acordo do homem absurdo com o homem e a ambiguidade da natureza em Noces e L'Étranger de Albert Camus

Jesus, Angela Regina Binda da Silva de 26 June 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T14:11:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8947_Tese doutorado Angela Binda - versão final.pdf: 1339129 bytes, checksum: 0da5a74d7cda130ee46b750242cdcf15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Esta pesquisa investiga a influência do sol, e da natureza em geral, no comportamento dos protagonistas de Létranger e Noces, de Albert Camus. Estabelece uma relação entre homem e natureza, tomando como ponto de partida o conceito do absurdo da vida humana, sentimento que leva os personagens do escritor franco-argelino a se locomover em um mundo sem sentido cuja única certeza é a morte. Em seguida, propõe um estudo a respeito de alguns aspectos da infância do escritor, como a pobreza e a luz mediterrânea, fatores que se mostraram relevantes para a literatura de Albert Camus. Por fim, analisa o papel ambíguo que a natureza desempenha no contexto ficcional de Létranger e Noces, revelando-se como motivo ora de contentamento, ora de transtorno para os personagens dessas obras. / Cette recherche examine l'influence du soleil, et de la nature en général, sur la conduite des protagonistes de L'étranger et Noces, d‘Albert Camus. Établit un rapport entre l'homme et la nature, en prenant comme point de départ le concept de l'absurdité de la vie humaine, sentiment qui mènent les personnages de l'écrivain français-algérien à se déplacer dans un monde sans sens dont la seule certitude est la mort. Ensuite propose une étude sur certains aspects de l'enfance de l'écrivain, comme la pauvreté et la lumière méditerranée, des facteurs qui y apparaissaient comme pertinents pour la littérature d'Albert Camus. Enfin, analyse le rôle ambigu que joue la nature dans le contexte fictionnel de L'étranger et Noces, en se révélant comme raison tantôt de contentement, tantôt de trouble pour les personnages de ces œuvres.
146

Variações do mito de Nêmesis nos escritos de Albert Camus / Variations of the myth of Nemesis in Albert Camuss writings

Raphael Luiz de Araujo 01 December 2017 (has links)
Dentre os planos que Albert Camus estabeleceu para a sua obra, prevaleceu nos seus escritos e declarações a tríplice que incluía os ciclos do absurdo, da revolta e do amor. Cada um dos ciclos seria composto de pelo menos uma peça de teatro, um romance e um ensaio, além de também ser acompanhado de um mito central, sendo respectivamente Sísifo, Prometeu e Nêmesis. Com a sua morte súbita em acidente de carro aos 46 anos, o escritor deixou alguns vestígios do que viria a compor o seu terceiro ciclo: o romance inacabado O primeiro homem, anotações sobre a peça Don Fausto e elementos para o ensaio O mito de Nêmesis. A presente pesquisa reúne e contextualiza os rastros deixados por Camus em torno da sua relação com o mito de Nêmesis a fim de oferecer uma chave de leitura para a sua obra e expor um panorama formal, temático e filosófico de um dos seus últimos projetos de ensaio. / Among the plans that Albert Camus has established to his work it has prevailed, in his writings and declarations, the triple that includes cycles of absurd, revolt and love. Each one of the cycles would be composed at least of a theater play, a novel and an essay. Besides, they are also followed by a central myth, being Sisyphus, Prometheus and Nemesis. After Camus sudden death at age 46, he left some traces of what would it be consisted his third cycle: the unfinished novel The first man, notes about the play Don Faust and elements for the essay The myth of Nemesis. The presented research reunites and contextualizes the traces let by Camus around his relationship with the myth of Nemesis in order to offer a reading key to his work and to expose a formal, thematic and philosophical overview of this essay project.
147

La réception de l'oeuvre d'Albert Camus en Chine / The reception of the work of Albert Camus in China

Yao, Jie 29 June 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objet de retracer l’histoire de la réception de l’œuvre d’Albert Camus en Chine et de mettre au jour l’influence qu’elle a pu exercer sur les écrivains chinois. Le processus de la réception de l’œuvre de Camus en Chine étant inséparable du processus de l’évolution politique et culturelle chinoise, il est examiné sous l’angle de la sociologie, de l’histoire politique, de la littérature comparée, et de la traductologie. L’étude met ainsi en lumière les circonstances historiques, sociales, culturelles, politiques des différentes périodes au cours desquelles l’œuvre de Camus a été reçue, traduite, publiée, et critiquée en Chine. / This thesis aims at retracing the history of the reception of the work of Albert Camus in China and exposing the influence it has on Chinese writers. The process of the reception of Camus' work in China is inseparable from the process of Chinese political and cultural evolution and is examined from the angle of sociology, political history, comparative literature, and Translatology. The study highlights the historical, social, cultural and political circumstances of the different periods during which Camus's work has been received, translated, published and criticized in China.
148

Littérature in extremis. Poétique et éthique de la peine capitale dans les œuvres de Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire et Albert Camus / Literature in extremis. The Poetics and Ethics of Capital Punishment in the Works of Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire, and Albert Camus

Morisi, Ève 02 May 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse a trait à la représentation de la peine capitale pendant la période moderne et se situe au carrefour des domaines poétique, politique et éthique. Trois auteurs majeurs qui appréhendent l’imaginaire de l’exécution de manière contrastée sont pris en considération — Hugo, Baudelaire et Camus. L’examen des stratégies de représentation qu’ils élaborent afin de promouvoir ou de dénoncer le couperet révèle que, après 1789, la littérature opère comme le support privilégié d’un questionnement sur l’efficacité de la justice létale et sur sa négation de l’intégrité et de la communication humaines. Réciproquement, l’image moderne de la décapitation met le langage littéraire face à sa difficulté à représenter des événements qui outrepassent à la fois solidarité sociale et entendement humain. En identifiant et en analysant le dialogue noué entre trois écritures qui explorent cette dynamique réciproque, l’on démontre qu’elles mettent à mal deux présupposés; l’un pénal, et l’autre littéraire. D’une part, malgré leur désaccord quant à la recevabilité de la peine capitale et quant à la fonction de la littérature, chacun des auteurs concernés invalide, de manière explicite ou implicite, les prémisses progressistes qui légitimèrent la guillotine depuis la Révolution française jusqu’à l’abolition. D’autre part, cette invalidation des prétendues vertus de l’échafaud figure dans des textes qui compliquent l’opposition conventionnelle entre une littérature essentiellement soucieuse d’esthétique et une autre inquiète des questions politiques. Loin de conforter cet antagonisme, les œuvres étudiées ouvrent le paradigme restreint de la littérature dite engagée à des formes inattendues de discours éthiques. / This dissertation pertains to the representation of capital punishment in the modern period. It sets out to answer the question “How does post-Revolutionary literature act in the face of Western society’s most violent legal practice, the death penalty?” It focuses on three canonical authors who portray the imaginaire of execution in contrasting ways and investigates the intersection of poetics, politics, and ethics. The writings forged by Hugo, Baudelaire, and Camus to promote or denounce capital punishment show that literature served as a medium that questions the law’s negation of human values and communication after 1789. Conversely, the modern image of decapitation confronts language with the limits of its power to represent events that exceed social solidarity and human understanding. By placing the three writers in a transhistorical dialogue that explores this reciprocal dynamics, I demonstrate that they undo two preconceptions: one penal, and the other literary. First, despite their disagreement on the legitimacy of lethal justice and the function of literature, the authors invalidate, explicitly or implicitly, the premises that legitimated the guillotine from the French Revolution until the abolition of capital punishment in 1981: the supposed painlessness and immediacy of beheading, and the machine’s ability to maintain order in society. Second, this invalidation of the supposed virtues of head severance emerges from texts that complicate the apparent divide between strictly aesthetic literature and politically committed writing. On the contrary, these works open up the restrictive category of littérature engagée to new, unexpected forms of ethical discourses. [1697 carac.]
149

La nostalgie dans l'œuvre d'Albert Camus / Nostalgia in the works of Albert Camus

Ando, Tomoko 03 October 2014 (has links)
Au début des Carnets, exprimant ce qui le pousse à créer, Albert Camus mentionne « la nostalgie d’une pauvreté perdue ». Une nostalgie ambiguë, qui ne signifie pas un simple regret du temps perdu, mais qui se relève du « sentiment bizarre » que le fils porte à sa mère silencieuse. Elle consiste en réalité dans l’aspiration douloureuse à la tendresse, qui est liée intrinsèquement à la misère de l’existence que l’auteur a vécue dans son enfance. Dans le but de raconter son passé, il élabore sa nostalgie comme essence de sa sensibilité. Signe de complexité, une telle captivité comporte de plus le regret et la mauvaise conscience à l’égard du milieu pauvre qu’il a quitté. Quoique paraissant ambiguë, le nom de nostalgie est juste, s’agissant de la quête de l’identité au fond : dans la sensibilité déchirée s’inscrit la recherche inassouvissable d’une véritable origine de l’être. D’où le fait que, dans le contexte existentiel, la notion del’absurde s’établit sur la sensibilité nostalgique : l’homme se trouve déchiré entre sa condition limitée et son aspiration à une vie de plénitude. Il choisit de tenir sa nostalgie déchirante comme le fond de son être, son axe de vie et sa raison de vivre. Pour l’homme absurde, la création littéraire n’est pas une option, mais la volonté de lucidité et de liberté, en vue de « donner aux couleurs le pouvoir d’exprimer le vide ». L’oeuvre figure la dialectique de la présence et de l’absence, ce qu’expriment par moyens divers les romans camusiens. Enfin, le dernier Camus exprime la nostalgie de la patrie en tant que quête consciente de sonorigine, du « soleil enfoui », qui l’attire et le dirige, qu’il connaît depuis toujours. / In the beginning of Carnets, Albert Camus mentions “the nostalgia for a lost poverty” as he expresses what drives him to create. Ambiguous nostalgia, which does not mean a simple regret of lost time, concerns the “strange feeling” that the son carries toward his silent mother. In reality, it consists in the painful aspiration for tenderness, which is intrinsically bound up with the misery that the author has experienced in his childhood. In order to tell his past, he elaborates his nostalgia as the essence of his sensitivity. And as a signof its complexity, such captivity includes a regret and a sense of guilt towards the poor environment which he left behind. Despite its ambiguity, the name of nostalgia is just because it concerns the quest for identity: in the torn sensitivity, there is an insatiable quest for a true source of being. Therefore, in the existential context, the concept of the absurd is established upon the nostalgic sensibility: human beings are torn between their limited condition and their desire for a full life. They choose to hold their torn nostalgia astheir existential foundation, their life axis and their raison d’être. For the absurd man, literary creation is not an option. It embodies the will of lucidity and liberty, in order to “give power of expressing vacuum to colors”. The dialectic of presence and absence is represented in the novels of Camus in various ways. In his later years, Camus expresses nostalgia for the homeland, consciously searching for his origin; the quest after his “buried sun”. He has always known this “buried sun” which had been attracting him as his guidance.
150

Réécritures bibliques chez Paul Claudel, André Gide et Albert Camus : Une étude intertextuelle sur dix oeuvres littéraires / Re-writings of the Bible by Paul Claudel, André Gide and Albert Camus

Rimpioja Riippa, Anne Suzanna 03 October 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie la relation intertextuelle entre dix œuvres fictionnelles de trois auteurs français et la Bible. Il s'agit de montrer, en s'appuyant sur les catégories de Gérard Genette, comment la Bible est réécrite par Paul Claudel, André Gide et Albert Camus. Le degré de l'hypertextualité dans les œuvres étudiées va d'une réécriture massive à l'emploi des citations implicites. Chacun des textes fictionnels est aussi en relation paratextuelle avec le récit biblique : ce sont des textes narratifs ou dramatiques dont le titre déjà fait allusion aux Écritures. On examine trois formes du rapport au texte biblique et au christianisme : l'un est celui d'un catholique pratiquant, le deuxième celui d'un incroyant d'origine protestante et le troisième celui d'un incroyant d'origine catholique. La Bible réécrite par Claudel met en scène un christianisme affirmatif alors que les réécritures de Gide et de Camus prennent le contrepied de la religion chrétienne. / The focus of this study is on textual links between ten fictional works by three French writers and the Bible. The text-orientated study illuminates how palimpsestuous writing has been actualised in the works of Paul Claudel, André Gide and Albert Camus. In this dissertation, the biblical hypotext, an earlier text that the author's text imitates or transforms, is considered one of the most significant features in their works, opening up whole new interpretations of their stories. Some of the works are more hypertextual than others but all are in a paratextual relation to a biblical story: their titles build the first link to the writings of the Bible. Each author featured in this study has a very different relation to Christianity: Paul Claudel is a practicing Catholic; André Gide who comes from a Protestant background is anti-religion; Albert Camus is an agnostic from a Catholic background. The case of Claudel is interesting: in his oeuvre, the biblical re-writing integrates the Catholic dogma and the influence of Saint Thomas. The writing of Gide proves the influence of the French Protestantism of his era; whereas Camus' interpretation of the biblical text is a consequence of a personal and selective reading containing reflections of Saint Augustine's notions.

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