Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fedrizi_lfb_dr_jabo.pdf: 4963590 bytes, checksum: 3366228ade45dcb20b67f693544b6653 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O processamento dos alimentos e rações, tais como extrusão e peletização, cada vez mais fazem parte de qualquer produção de ração animal. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento das alterações químico-bromatológicas no alimento submetido ao processamento é imprescindível para a correta suplementação das exigências nutricionais das espécies animais, além de buscar as melhores condições de processamento na tentativa de minimizar degradações e perdas de biodisponibilidade dos nutrientes de alimentos submetidos a tratamento térmico. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a composição de nutrientes de alimentos energéticos utilizados na nutrição animal (milho, farelo de trigo, quirera de arroz e sorgo), antes e após serem submetidos ao processamento por peletização ou extrusão. Foram analisados proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), matéria mineral (MM), energia bruta (EB), fibra bruta (FB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), açúcares solúveis (AS), amido (AMD), amilose (AML), amilopectina (AMP). A geleificação do amido foi observada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Além disso, foram comparadas a metodologia de Weende, pela equação do extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN) e a de Van Soest, pela equação dos carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), para fracionamento e determinação dos carboidratos digeríveis. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças na determinação de carboidratos (CHO) por ambas as metodologias, com superestimação de CHO digerível quando se utiliza a metodologia de Weende. A extrusão dos alimentos energéticos provocou diminuição dos teores de PB, EE e FDN no farelo de trigo, com tendência ao mesmo comportamento para os demais alimentos. Não foram observadas diferenças na análise dos alimentos peletizados, quando comparados com os crus. As micrografias de MEV mostraram maiores áreas de geleificação nos... / The processing of animal foods, as extrusion and pelletization, take part in all production of animal foods more and more. Therefore, it is very important to know about the chemical-bromatologic changes in the source which was put in a processing for the correct supplementation of the nutritional needs of the species. Also, it allows to find better conditions of processing in the attempt of decreasing degradations and losses of bioavailability of the nutrients in the foods submitted in a thermal treatment. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of nutrients in the energetic sources which were used in the animal nutrition (corn, wheat meal, broken rice or sorghum), before and after of being submitted to the processing by pelletization and extrusion. There were analyzed the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), crude energy (CE), crude fiber (CF), fiber in neutral detergent (FND), soluble sugars (SS), starch (ST), amylose (AML), amylopectin (AMP). The gelatinization of the starch there were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the methodology of Weende by equation of the nonnitrogen extract (NNE) and the methodology of Van Soest by equation of the nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) were compared for fractionation and determination of the digestible carbohydrates. The results showed difference in the determination of carbohydrates (CHO) in both methodologies, with overestimation of the digestible CHO when it is utilized in the methodology of Weende. The extrusion of the energetic sources caused decrease on CP, EE and FND in the wheat meal, with tendency of the same behaviour to the other sources. However, in the analysis of the pelletized sources, no differences were observed, if compared with the crude ones. The micrographs of SEM showed larger areas of gelatinization to extruded sources, especially in the sorghum and broken rice

The human erythrocyte glucose transport protein (GLUT1) interacts with, and is regulated by, cytosolic ATP. This study asks the following questions concerning ATP modulation of GLUT1 mediated sugar transport. 1) Which region(s) of GLUT1 form the adenine nucleotide-binding domain? 2) What factors influence ATP modulation of sugar transport? 3) Is ATP interaction with GLUT1 sufficient for sugar transport regulation? The first question was addressed through peptide mapping, n-terminal sequencing, and alanine scanning mutagenesis of GLUT1 using [32P]-azidoATP, a photoactivatable ATP analog. We then used a combination of transport measurements and photolabeling strategies to examine how glycolytic intermediates, pH, and transporter oligomeric structure affect ATP regulation of sugar transport. Finally, GLUT1 was reconstituted into proteoliposomes to determine whether ATP is sufficient for the modulation of GLUT1 function in-vitro. This thesis presents data supporting the hypothesis that residues 332-335 contribute to the efficiency of adenine nucleotide binding to GLUT1. In addition, we show that AMP, acidification, and conversion of the transporter to its dimeric form antagonize ATP regulation of sugar transport. Finally, we present results that support the proposal that ATP interaction with GLUT1 is sufficient for transport modulation.

Covering 30% of the land surface and storing 45% of terrestrial carbon, forest ecosystems play a major role in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. Despite the importance of forests, responses and feedbacks of forests to global change agents remain among the least understood processes in predicting future global change scenarios. We use the temperate forests biome of the eastern US as a case study to ask several general questions about tree physiology and ecology to inform key knowledge gaps relevant to predicting how forests will respond to future global change. Trees invest significant amounts of carbon into support tissues, defense, and storage. To begin, we examine the process of tree carbon storage, as measured by nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) by evaluating the extent that NSCs vary as a function of tree life history strategy, physical traits, and phylogeny. We find that NSCs vary largely at broad taxonomic scales, and across study sites. This suggests that a broad-based approach to studying NSCs is needed if they are to effectively inform ecosystem models. Next, we use annual tree ring increments to determine the spatial scales controlling variation in tree growth. We find that individual variability is the largest control on growth, explaining 27% of variability – and primarily explained by tree size, canopy position, and species. Regional-scale variability is the next most dominant, explaining 13% of variability – half of which is explained by changes in species composition across the region. Growth and mortality are important demographic processes responsible for large, and potentially rapid, changes to the terrestrial carbon cycle. In the last chapter, we explore the extent that NSCs explain growth and mortality. We find that stressed trees have significantly lower NSC concentrations than living trees and dead trees have the lowest concentrations. We also find that the strength and direction of the NSC – growth relationship varies greatly by species This dissertation contributes to our understanding of the processes driving tree growth and NSC storage dynamics, as well as the extent to which NSCs drive tree demographic processes across eastern US forests.

Com as descobertas das inúmeras aplicações potenciais da biomassa de microalgas é necessário o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que visem auxiliar o aumento da produtividade dos cultivos. A espectrometria por infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) é uma técnica versátil e rápida utilizada na identificação, caracterização e quantificação de diversos compostos moleculares. Sua aplicação está definida de acordo com a região espectral a ser analisada. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia que torne possível a utilização da espectroscopia FTIR na região do infravermelho médio (MIR) para quantificar os teores de lipídeos, proteínas, carboidratos e células de Scenedesmus sp. Para tanto, a biomassa de Scenedesmus sp. foi analisada diariamente por métodos tradicionais e através do espectro FTIR. Posteriormente os dados foram correlacionados com as bandas de absorção características de cada composto. O modelo gerado para lipídeos na região entre 3000-2800 cm-1 obteve o maior coeficiente de correlação (R2) de 0,8265. Para os carboidratos, a banda de absorção que melhor representou as ligações características foi entre 1200-950cm-1, com R2=0,8023. Já para proteínas, a escolha do método tradicional não mostrou boa relação com os resultados do FTIR. Quando a concentração celular foi correlacionada com a área total foi obtido R2=0,7900. Por fim, realizaram-se experimentos para validar os modelos preditos, obtendo bons resultados para a quantificação de lipídeos e carboidratos. O FTIR mostra ser uma ferramenta eficiente para estimar os conteúdos de lipídeos e carboidratos de Scenedesmus sp. Além disso, o FTIR permite análise simultânea de múltiplos metabolitos que permitirá o monitoramento mais detalhado do cultivo em um tempo de análise muito mais curto e com alta reprodutibilidade dos resultados. / With the discoveries of the numerous potential applications of microalgal biomass, it is necessary to develop tools to help increase the productivity of cultivation. Infrared spectrometry with Fourier transform (FTIR) is a versatile and fast technique used in the identification, characterization and quantification of several molecular compounds. Its application is defined according to the spectral region to be analyzed. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology that makes possible the use of FTIR spectroscopy in the medium infrared region (MIR) to quantify lipid, protein, carbohydrate and cells contents of Scenedesmus sp. For this, the Scenedesmus sp. biomass was analyzed daily by traditional methods and through the FTIR spectrum. Subsequently the data were correlated with the absorption bands characteristic of each compound. The model generated for lipids in the region between 3000-2800 cm-1 obtained the highest coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.8265. For carbohydrates, the absorption band that best represented the characteristic bonds was between 1200-950cm-1, with R2=0.8023. For proteins, the choice of the traditional method did not show a good relation with the FTIR results. When the cell concentration was correlated whit the total area an R2=0.7900. Finally, experiments were carried out to validate the predicted models, obtaining good results for the quantification of lipids and carbohydrates. The FTIR shows to be an efficient tool to estimate lipid and carbohydrate contents of Scenedesmus sp. In addition, the FTIR allows simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites that will enable more detailed monitoring of the cultivation in a much shorter analysis time and with high reproducibility of the results.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852794.pdf: 1975451 bytes, checksum: fa22ed309934a5b0792407a55f1cdb62 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de maltodextrina em dose única sobre as respostas fisiológicas e metabólicas de cavalos submetidos a testes padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e a sessões sequenciais de exercício de alta intensidade e rápida aceleração (Teste de Exercícios Sequenciais - TES) em esteira ergométrica. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em 2 etapas: o Estudo 1 foi realizado visando determinar o efeito da maltodextrina administrada por via oral em dose única em resposta a três quantidades (0,2g/kg; 0,4g/kg; 0,6g/kg) sobre as curvas glicêmica e insulinêmica de equinos em repouso, com o objetivo de determinar a dose de maltodextrina que apresentasse maior persistência das concentrações sanguíneas de glicose associada com menor estímulo insulinêmico, e o Estudo 2 que avaliou o efeito da maltodextrina em resposta a dois tipos de exercícios: TPEP e TES. Foram utilizados oito equinos da raça puro sangue Árabe, machos castrados, com idade de 2 a 8 anos divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais que passaram por dois tratamentos, suplementados com maltodextrina (GM, n=8) e controle (GC, n=8). Animais submetidos ao GM receberam 0,4g/kg de maltodextrina enquanto os submetidos ao GC receberam carboximetilcelulose pela via oral 30min antes dos exercícios. O TPEP foi realizado em esteira com inclinação de 6% e consistiu em fases sequenciais de velocidades progressivas de 1,8 m/s por um período de 5min, seguindo a 4,0 m/s por 3min, 6,0 m/s por 2min, e fases subsequentes a 7,0; 8,0; 9,0 e 10,0m/s por 1min em cada velocidade, ou até quando os cavalos não conseguiram manter o galope mesmo sendo estimulados. O TES seguiu o protocolo com um período de aquecimento ativo de velocidade de 1,7m/s por 1min (sem inclinação), trote a 3,5m/s por 5min (sem inclinação) e passo a 1,5m/s por 5min (6% de inclinação), ao término deste período, a velocidade... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of maltodextrin on the physiological and metabolic responses of horses submitted to standard incremental exercise test (TPEP) and sequential sessions high intensity exercise and rapid acceleration (Sequential Test Exercises - TES ) on a treadmill. Therefore, the study was divided into two steps: Study 1 was carried out to determine the effect of maltodextrin orally administered acutely in response to three amounts (0.2 g / kg, 0.4 g / kg; 0.6g / kg) on glucose and insulin curves of horses at rest, allowing determine the amount of maltodextrin to present greater persistence of blood glucose concentrations associated with lower insulinemic stimulus, and the second study that evaluated the effect of maltodextrin in response to two types exercises: TPEP and TES. Eight were used adult horses of the Arab horses, gelding were randomly divided into two groups of four animals that underwent two treatments, supplemented with maltodextrin (GM n = 8) and control (CG n = 8). Animals was used to GM received 0.4 g / kg of maltodextrin while undergoing GC received carboxymethylcellulose orally 30 minutes before exercise. The TPEP was performed on a treadmill with incline of 6% and consisted of sequential stages of progressive speeds of 1.8 m / s for a period of 5 minutes, followed at 4.0 m / s for 3 minutes, 6.0 m / s per 2min, and subsequent phases 7,0, 8.0; 9.0 and 10,0m / s for 1 min at each speed, or even when the horses could not keep galloping even being stimulated. The TES followed the protocol with an active heating period of speed of 1.7 m / s for 1min (0% incline), trot to 3.5 m / s for 5 minutes (0% incline) and step-by-1.5m / s for 5 minutes (6% incline), at the end of this period, the speed of the treadmill was quickly increased to speed corresponding to 105% of HRmax maintained for 50s. After this period, called sprint, the speed was immediately reduced to ... / FAPESP: 2014/1549-9

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000757648.pdf: 1467681 bytes, checksum: 0365a11d169a284895407b826bae30bb (MD5) / O armazenamento de carboidrato é necessário para sustentar o desenvolvimento das plantas, em períodos de estresse, durante a dormência e muito importante no início do crescimento e frutificação, na primavera. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de carboidratos em cultivares de pessegueiro, cultivados em clima subtropical. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu/SP, situada: 22° 51’ 55” S e 48° 26’ 22” O e a 810 m de altitude, onde foram avaliados pessegueiros irrigados, com dois anos de idade, cultivados no espaçamento de 6,0 x 4,0 m. O delineamento foi em parcelas subdivididas com 4 blocos, onde as parcelas corresponderam as cultivares Douradão, BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel e as subparcelas às épocas de coleta das amostras. As amostras da parte aérea foram coletadas nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro, março, abril, agosto, setembro, outubro, novembro e dezembro. Os frutos foram colhidos no pico da colheita, e as épocas de coletas das raízes foram nos meses de janeiro, abril, agosto, novembro e dezembro. Foram empregadas 3 plantas por parcela experimental. Os teores de amido nas raízes das cultivares de pessegueiro foram superiores a ramos, de agosto a dezembro, destacando-se a cultivar Douradão que obteve o teor mais elevado. Porém o teor de amido em ramos foram superiores a raízes, de fevereiro a abril nas três cultivares de pessegueiro de clima subtropical. / The storage of carbohydrates is needed to sustain plant growth during periods of stress during dormancy, and very important in early growth and fruiting in spring. In this context, the present work aimed to study the accumulation of carbohydrates in peach cultivars grown in subtropical climate. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Lageado, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu / SP, located in the following geographical coordinates: 22° 51' 55 S and 48° 26' 22. The and 810 m height, where they were reviews irrigated peach trees two years old, grown at a spacing of 6.0 x 4.0 m. The design was a split plot design with 4 blocks, where the plots consisted of cultivars treatments (Douradão, Kampai BRS and BRS Rubimel) and subplots to the times of sample collection, the samples of shoots were collected in the months of January, February, March, April, August , September, October, November and December, the fruits were harvested at the peak of harvest, and collection times for roots were in the months of January, April, August, November and December. Three plants were used per experimental plot. There was variation in the accumulation of carbohydrates during times of reviews, but more carbohydrate stored in peach was starch for root and branch in which he presents the most significant accumulation, with its highest peak accumulation in August highlighting Douradão to cultivate both. The starch content in the roots of cultivars, were above branches, from August to December, highlighting the growing Douradão who obtained the highest level, however the starch content in the roots were higher branches, from February to April the three peach cultivars of subtropical climate

Le travail décrit dans ce manuscrit rassemble les résultats obtenus au cours de ma thèse de doctorat. Ils s'inscrivent dans le domaine de la glycobioinformatique. Ils ont impliqué des développements de bases de données structurales et des applications en modélisation moléculaire des interactions protéines-sucres. Les méthodes de modélisation moléculaire ont été utilisées dans la reconstruction et dans la prédiction des structures tridimensionnelles de polysaccharides et d'oligosaccharides, ces dernières étant également établies par une approche de type “haut-débit” par application d'un algorithme génétique à des fins de minimisation énergétique. Les données ainsi générées ont été organisées sous la forme de bases de données relationnelles, proprement annotées (PolySca3DB et BiOligo) qui sont en libre accès pour consultation sur internet. Ces méthodes de modélisation moléculaire ont été appliquées à la caractérisation, par RMN en solution, des conformations de basse énergie d'une souche pathogène d'un polysaccharide de la bactérie E. coli. D'autres bactéries pathogènes de type gram négatif, interagissent avec des oligosaccharides par l'intermédiaire de protéines secrétées, telles que des lectines. Nous avons testé, au travers de l'utilisation de méthodes d'amarrage moléculaire, la possibilité d'identifier de manière automatique, la nature de ces interactions, en prenant comme cibles des épitopes oligosaccharidiques fucosylés. Les résultats de ces recherches ont été comparés, de manière critique, à ceux issus de l'application de bio-puces à sucres et de calorimétrie isotherme de titration. Les conclusions et perspectives de ces travaux sont présentées dans un article de revue consacré à l'application des méthodes de chimie computationnelle dans l'étude des interactions protéines-glucides qui viennent compléter l'arsenal des outils dédiés au champs de recherche couvert par la glycobiologie structurale et moléculaire. / This thesis presents an account of two important facets of glycobioinformatics, comprising database development and molecular modeling of 3D structures of carbohydrates alongside the simulation of protein-carbohydrate interactions. Classical molecular modeling techniques were used to reconstruct 3D polysaccharide structures from experimentally determined atomic coordinates, or known starting points about their structures were used as guidelines to model them. A genetic algorithm search was employed as a high-throughput technique to characterize low energy conformers of bioactive oligosaccharides. The data generated were organized into two open-access relational databases, namely, PolySac3DB and BiOligo, for use by the scientific community. The validation of the molecular techniques used were performed using solution phase NMR experiments on four entero aggregative pathogenic E. coli strains, and were found to be robust and realistic. Further, the impact of the presentation of human fucosylated oligosaccharide epitopes to lectins from opportunistic gram negative bacteria, was investigated in a screening study using molecular docking studies, which could help in evaluating the feasibility of using automated docking procedures in such instances as well as deciphering binding data from glycan array experiments and also correlated to isothermal calorimetry data. On comparison with high-resolution experimental crystal complexes, automated docking was found to delineate the present level of applicability, while emphasizing the need of constant monitoring and possible filtering of the results obtained. Finally, a review of the present status of the computational aspects of protein-carbohydrate interaction studies is discussed in the perspectives of using molecular modeling and simulation studies to probe this aspect of molecular and structural glycobiology.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 daniel_e_me_jabo.pdf: 345757 bytes, checksum: 64e7b648094d5910dbd90ff43dddc608 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de avaliar a fibra dietética e os oligossacarídeos do milho, da polpa cítrica e do farelo de soja na alimentação de suínos, foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento I foram determinadas as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia das dietas experimentais, utilizando-se o método de coleta total de fezes. No experimento II foram avaliados o desempenho, os pesos dos órgãos gastrintestinais e pâncreas, o pH dos conteúdos dos órgãos gastrintestinais, os teores de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta nos conteúdos do intestino delgado, ceco e cólon, a morfologia intestinal, a produção e características das fezes e a excreção de minerais. As dietas experimentais utilizadas em ambos os experimentos foram: MD CPS (controle) – Dieta composta principalmente por milho degerminado e concentrado proteico de soja; MD FS – Dieta composta principalmente por milho degerminado e farelo de soja; MD CPS PC – Dieta composta principalmente por milho degerminado, concentrado proteico de soja e polpa cítrica; MC FS – Dieta composta principalmente por milho comum e farelo de soja e MC CPS – Dieta composta principalmente por milho comum e concentrado proteico de soja. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, para controlar diferenças no peso inicial. No experimento I, observou-se maiores coeficientes de digestibilidades para as dietas MD CPS, MD FS e MD CPS PC, que apresentaram teores menores de oligossacarídeos, enquanto no II, verificou-se que as dietas não afetaram o desempenho, a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, a produção de fezes e o peso dos órgãos gastrintestinais, com exceção do peso relativo do intestino grosso, que foi maior nos animais que receberam a dieta MD CPS PC, porém afetaram o pH dos conteúdos do estômago e do cólon dos animais, as características das fezes e os coeficientes de excreção de minerais / With the aim of evaluate corn, citrus pulp and soybean meal dietary fiber and oligosaccharides in swine feeding two trials were conducted. In the first trial the experimental diets nutrient and energy digestibilities were determined using the total feed and feces collection method. In the second trial the growth performance, the gastrointestinal organs and pancreas weights, the pH of the gastrointestinal organs contents, the short chain fat acids concentrations in the small intestine, cecum and colon contents, the intestinal morphology, the feces production and minerals excretion were determined. The experimental diets in both trials were: DC SPC (control) – Diet composed mainly by degermed corn and soy protein concentrate; DC SBM – Diet composed mainly by degermed corn and soybean meal; DC SPC CP – Diet composed mainly by degermed corn, soybean protein concentrate and citrus pulp; CC SBM – Diet composed mainly by common corn and soybean meal and CC SPC – Diet composed mainly by common corn and soybean protein concentrate. A completely randomized block design was used to control differences in the initial body weight of the animals. In the first trial, it was observed greater digestibilities coefficients for the diets DC SPC (control), DC SBM and DC SPC CP, that presented reduced oligosaccharides levels. In the second trial, it was observed that the diets did not affect the growth performance, the short chain fat acids production, the feces production and the gastrointestinal organ weights, with the exception of the large intestine, which was greater in the animals that were fed with the DC SPC CP diet, although the pH of the contents of the stomach and the colon, the characteristics of feces and the minerals excretion

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_amr_me_botfmvz.pdf: 227271 bytes, checksum: 64f4c247cd4f63801d055480caf2cb02 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de maltodextrina, substituindo parcialmente a lactose, e de acidificante sobre o desempenho, viabilidade econômica e digestibilidade em leitões desmamados, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo utilizados 144 leitões Dalland, com pesos iniciais médios de 6,0 0,45 e 5,8 0,53 kg nos experimentos I e II, respectivamente. Os delineamentos experimentais foram em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial dos tratamentos: ausência de maltodextrina e de acidificante; ausência de maltodextrina e presença de acidificante; presença de maltodextrina e ausência de acidificante; presença de maltodextrina e de acidificante. No experimento I foram utilizadas rações mais complexas, e no II, rações menos complexas. Não houve interação maltodextrina x acidificante e efeito de acidificante sobre o desempenho dos leitões nos períodos estudados nos dois experimentos (P>0,05). A maltodextrina determinou melhores consumo diário de ração e ganho diário de peso de 0 a 14 dias do experimento I (P=0,009), não sendo verificados efeitos sobre o desempenho de 0 a 28 dias (P>0,05) e nos períodos de 0 a 16 e 0 a 30 dias do experimento II (P>0,05). Não houve interação maltodextrina x acidificante e efeitos dos fatores (P>0,05) sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes das rações pré-iniciais do experimento II. As rações com maltodextrina e maltodextrina mais acidificante proporcionaram maior vantagem econômica. A maltodextrina e o acidificante não influenciaram o valor nutricional das rações, sendo a maltodextrina uma alternativa às fontes de lactose para leitões desmamados. Combinado ou não com o acidificante nas rações, o uso da maltodextrina resultou em maior vantagem econômica em relação à lactose.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tozzi_hh_me_rcla.pdf: 1670727 bytes, checksum: 64d874c6ea7f3e5e3360ff2c0bd015f6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O maracujá-amarelo é uma fruta de grande valor econômico e cultural no Brasil, país com a maior produção e consumo do fruto atualmente. Apesar da grande importância do fruto, a mobilização da reserva de suas sementes durante a germinação não é conhecida. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as alterações histológicas e bioquímicas ocorridas na semente durante os primeiros dez dias de germinação. Extrações de carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas foram realizadas juntamente com a análise histoquímica das sementes nos períodos de 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias de germinação tanto sob luz branca quanto no escuro. Os resultados mostraram que a principal reserva das sementes é lipídica, pois o seu consumo é alto durante a germinação, porém também há variações nos níveis de proteínas e carboidratos que podem estar envolvidas no processo de germinação. / The Yellow Passion fruit is of great economic and cultural value in Brazil, the country with the largest production and consumption nowadays. Despite its great importance, the mobilization of the seed reserves is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the histological and biochemical changes that occur in the seed during the first ten days of germination. Carbohydrates, lipid and protein extractions were done along with seed histochemical analysis at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of germination under continuous white light and darkness. The results showed that lipids are the main reserve, for its consumption is high during germination, but there are also variations in protein and carbohydrates levels that may be involved in the germination process.