The diploma thesis focuses on hospital staff and their nutrition awareness in relation to their education. The aim of the thesis is to map the nutrition awareness of the employees in the hospital. Compare how the knowledge of the hospital dietary system differs among the staff with basic, secondary and tertiary education. Compare how the knowledge of healthy eating principles differs among the hospital staff with primary, secondary and tertiary education. Find out from employees what they think affects their eating habits and adherence to the principles of healthy eating. The theoretical part deals with the general meaning of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other important substances for the organism. Furthermore, it deals with recommendations for healthy and balanced eating, nutrient supplementation, tips for a balanced diet, dietary measures for selected diseases and the consequences of poor nutrition on the human body. Last but not least, the dietary system and diets are mentioned in the work. A questionnaire survey method was used to draw up the practical part, where 168 employees were involved. The research group was made up of randomly selected hospital staff in different age categories with different education. The research group was divided into 3 groups by education. Then, these three...

For many paramyxoviruses, including Newcastle disease virus (NDV), syncytia formation requires the expression of both surface glycoproteins (HN and F) in the same cell, and evidence suggests that fusion involves a specific interaction between the HN and F proteins (23, 73). Because a potential interaction in paramyxovirus infected cells has never been clearly demonstrated, such an interaction was explored in Chapter 2 using coimmunoprecipitation and crosslinking. Both HN and F proteins could be precipitated with heterologous antisera after a five minute radioactive pulse as well as after a two hour chase in non-radioactive media, but at low levels. Chemical crosslinking increased detection of complexes containing HN and F proteins at the cell surface. After crosslinking, intermediate as well as high molecular weight species containing both proteins were precipitated with monospecific antisera. Precipitation of proteins with anti-HN after crosslinking resulted in the detection of complexes which electrophoresed in the stacker region of the gel, from 160-300 kD, at 150 kD and at 74 kD. Precipitates obtained with anti-F after crosslinking contained species which migrated in the stacker region of the gel, between 160-300 kD, at 120 kD and at 66 kD. The 3-4 discrete complexes ranging in size from 160-300 kD contained both HN and F proteins when precipitated with either HN or F antisera. That crosslinking of complexes containing both HN and F proteins was not simply a function of overexpression of viral glycoproteins at the cell surface was addressed by demonstrating crosslinking at early time points post infection, when levels of viral surface glycoproteins are low. Use of cells infected with an avirulent strain of NDV showed that chemically crosslinked HN and F proteins were precipitated independent of cleavage of F0. Furthermore, under conditions that maximized HN protein binding to its receptor, there was no change in the percentages of HN and F0 proteins precipitated with heterologous antisera, but a decrease in F1protein precipitated was observed upon attachment. These data argue that the HN and F proteins interact in the RER. Upon attachment of the HN protein to its receptor, the HN protein undergoes a conformational change which causes a subsequent change in the associated F protein, releasing the hydrophobic fusion peptide into the target membrane and initiating fusion. Chapter 3 explores the stalk region of the NDV HN protein, which has been implicated in both fusion promotion and virus specificity of that activity. The NDV F protein contains two heptad repeat motifs which have been shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be critical for fusion (7, 51, 57). Heptad repeat motifs mediate protein-protein interactions by enabling the formation of coiled-coils. Upon analysis of the stalk region of the NDV HN protein, we identified two heptad repeats. Secondary structure analysis of these repeats suggested the potential for these regions to form alpha-helices. To investigate the importance of this sequence motif for fusion promotion, we mutated the hydrophobic "a" position amino acids of each heptad repeat to alanine or methionine. In addition, hydrophobic amino acids in other positions were also changed to alanine. Every mutant protein retained levels of attachment activity that was greater than or equal to the wild-type protein and bound to conformation-specific monoclonal as well as polyclonal antisera. Neuraminidase activity was variably affected. Every mutation, however, showed a dramatic decrease in fusion promotion activity. The phenotypes of these mutant proteins indicate that individual amino acids within the heptad repeat region of the stalk domain of the HN protein are important for the fusion promotion activity of the protein. These data are consistent with the idea that the HN protein associates with the F protein via specific interactions between the heptad repeat regions of both proteins.

Our nutrition significantly influences our healthy development, quality of our life and mainly our health condition in general. No one discredits today the fact that faults in our nutrition result in emergence and further development of illnesses. On the contrary there is enough evidence on a very positive effect of changes in nutrition on a single person, group of people or the whole generation. The objective of my diploma thesis was to find out the quality of food consumed by school-age pupils. I used quantitative research for my diploma work. Data aquisition was carried out in the form of question-forms in order to address as many respondents as possible. Questions {--}forms were alloted for pupils at primary schools. There were three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Czech pupils consume fuel food overly rich in sugars. This hypothesis was proved.. Hypothesis 2: Czech children consume less than 30g of fibre a day. The hypothesis was also proved. Hypothesis 3: In pupils´ ingestion of food there is more than 300 mg of cholesterol a day. This hypothesis was not proved at all. It is obvious from the results that Czech pupils do not consume recommended healthy food.The results of my diploma thesis could be used as a basis for improvement in eating habits of school-age children. Bad parental approach to healthy nutrition is one of the key factors that contribute to the growth of obesity and other serious deseases. Parents should be informed about bad and wrong eating habits of their children and at the same time they should be advised how to make a healthy and suitable daily menu for their children. Parents could be kept informed by various informative leaflets distributed at schools or there might be held special lectures aimed at this broad issue. Because we are one of the states where obesity is a big problem even for a younger population. I am sure that all these activities could be useful for gradual improvement in changes concerning bad unhealthy eating habits of pupils, their better health condition and even restricition of obesity.

abstract: ABSTRACT Manipulation of biological targets using synthetic or naturally occurring organic compounds has been the focal point of medicinal chemistry. The work described herein centers on the synthesis of organic small molecules that are targeted either to cell surface receptors, to the ribosomal catalytic center or to human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Bleomycins (BLMs) are a family of naturally occurring glycopeptidic antitumor agents with an inherent selectivity towards cancer cells. DeglycoBLM, which lacks the sugar moiety of bleomycin, has much lower cytotoxicity in cellular assays. A recent study using microbbuble conjugates of BLM and deglycoBLM showed that BLM was able to selectively bind to breast cancer cells, whereas the deglyco analogue was unable to target either the cancer or normal cells. This prompted us to further investigate the role of the carbohydrate moiety in bleomycin. Fluorescent conjugates of BLM, deglycoBLM and the BLM carbohydrate were studied for their ability to target cancer cells. Work presented here describes the synthesis of the fluorescent carbohydrate conjugate. Cell culture assays showed that the sugar moiety was able to selectively target various cancer cells. A second conjugate was prepared to study the importance of the C-3 carbamoyl group present on the mannose residue of the carbohydrate. Three additional fluorescent probes were prepared to improve the uptake of this carbohydrate moiety into cancer cells. Encouraged by the results from the fluorescence experiments, the sugar moiety was conjugated to a cytotoxic molecule to selectively deliver this drug into cancer cells. The nonsense codon suppression technique has enabled researchers to site specifically incorporate noncanonical amino acids into proteins. The amino acids successfully incorporated this way are mostly α-L-amino acids. The non-α-L-amino acids are not utilized as substrates by ribosome catalytic center. Hoping that mutations near the ribosome peptidyltransferase site might alleviate its bias towards α-L-amino acids, a library of modified ribosomes was generated. Analogues of the naturally occurring antibiotic puromycin were used to select promising candidates that would allow incorporation of non-α-L-amino acids into proteins. Syntheses of three different puromycin analogues are described here. The reverse transcriptase enzyme from HIV-1 (HIV-1 RT) has been a popular target of HIV therapeutic agents due to its crucial role in viral replication. The 4-chlorophenyl hydrazone of mesoxalic acid (CPHM) was identified in a screen designed to find inhibitors of strand transfer reactions catalyzed by HIV-1 RT. Our collaborators designed several analogues of CPHM with different substituents on the aromatic ring using molecular docking simulations. Work presented here describes the synthesis of eight different analogues of CPHM. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemistry 2013

A galectina-4 humana (HGal-4), pertencente à família das galectinas, possui dois domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRDs) com alta afinidade para β-galactosídeos e se encontra amplamente distribuída em células normais e neoplásicas de diferentes organismos. Suas funções snglobam uma grande variedade de eventos celulares, tais como processos inflamatórios, neoplásicos, progressão tumoral e metástase. Entretanto, muitas perguntas sobre suas interações com diferentes carboidratos, a especificidade destas interações e o papel específico das galectinas permanecem ainda sem resposta. No presente trabalho, propomos a investigação das interações galectina-glicano da galectina-4 humana e de seus domínios CRDs independentes (CRD-I e CRD-II) através de um conjunto de métodos biofísicos. Através do método de dicroísmo circular (CD), usando várias regiões espectrais, e fluorescência fomos capazes de entender mudanças ocorrentes na estrutura secundária e terciária das protéinas quando da interação com lactose/sacarose. Estes dados, juntamente com testes de hemaglutinação, mostraram que a glectina-4 e os CRDs respondem de forma distinta à ligação com açúcar. Por diferentes técnicas (fluorescência, ITC e MST) determinamos as constantes de dissociação para os domínios CRDs (Kd ~0,5 mM) e para HGal-4 e, de forma qualitativa, os valores obtidos indicaram possíveis estados oligoméricos dessas proteínas. A investigação da interação proteína-membrana da HGal-4 foi feita, primeiramente, com miméticos de membranas e monitorada pela técnica de RPE em crescente complexidade de composição de tais miméticos, indo desde composições mais simples, passando por lipid rafts na presença de diferentes glicolipídeos (GM1, LPS) e chegando-se à interação com células tumorais (U87MG, T98G e HT-29). Tais experimentos mostraram que galectina-4 reconhece e se liga naqueles modelos onde existem glicanos complexos na superfície. Investigamos também a participação de HGal-4 endógena e exógena no tratamento quimioterápico de células tumorais e verificamos um papel importante de HGal-4 para células HT-29. Finalizando esta tese, apresentamos o trabalho realizado em um ano de estágio na University of Oxford, durante o qual, investigamos a estrutura da região C-terminal de um receptor da família GPCR, qual seja o receptor de neurotensina NTS1. Aqui, mais uma vez, foi empregada a técnica de RPE que aliada à produção/marcação de mutantes do receptor, permitiu determinar que a hélice H8 se estabiliza quando em proteolipossomos. / Human galectin-4 (HGal-4), a member of the galectin family, contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) with high affinity for β-galactosides and is widely distributed in normal and neoplastic cells of different organisms. Its functions include a wide variety of cellular events such as inflammation, cancer, cell adhesion, tumor progression and metastasis. However, many questions about their interactions with different carbohydrates, the specificity of these interactions and the specific role of galectins remain unanswered. In this study, we propose the investigation of galectin-glycan interactions of human galectin-4 and its independent CRDs (CRD-I and-II) through a combination of biophysical methods. From circular dichroism (CD), measured in different spectral ranges, and fluorescence experiments we were able to understand changes in secondary and terciary structure of the protein while interacting with lactose/sucrose. These results along with hemagglutination assays showed that galectin-4 and its CRDs respond differently to sugar binding. From fluorescence, ITC and MST measurements we determined the dissociation constants for the CRDs (Kd ~0.5 mM) and for HGal-4. These values qualitatively indicated the formation of potential oligomers of CRDs and of HGal-4. The investigation of the HGal-4 interaction with membranes was firstly performed using mimetic membranes and monitored by EPR spectroscopy. The composition of the mimetic membranes was gradually increased so that to span simple compositions (such as DMPC), passing by lipid rafts in the presence of different glycolipds (GM1, LPS) up to interactions with tumor cells (U87MG, T98G e HT-29). These experiments showed that galectin-4 recognizes and binds to membrane models constituted by complex glycans on their surface. We also investigated the involvement of endogenous and exogenous HGal-4 in chemotherapies of tumor cells and found an important role of HGal-4 in the case of HT-29 cells. At last, we presented the work done in an one-year internship at the University of Oxford, during which we investigated the C-terminal region of the GPCR family receptor, the neurotensin receptor NTS1. Here, we used once again the EPR technique combined with the production/spin-labelling of mutants of the receptors, and determined that helix H8 was stabilized upon receptor reconstitution in proteolipossomes.

O crescimento das atividades urbano-industriais tem provocado um significativo aumento nas emissões de poluentes aéreos para a atmosfera. A poluição do ar, um dos principais fatores determinantes da destruição do meio ambiente, causa estresse às plantas, já que apresenta compostos altamente reativos e danosos, como os metais pesados. O uso de plantas bioindicadoras de poluição aérea é uma prática comum para o monitoramento da qualidade do ar e para o diagnóstico dos efeitos da poluição aérea na vegetação. Entre as plantas bioindicadoras mais utilizadas, destaca-se a gramínea C3 de clima temperado Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum Beck var. Lema, que acumula metais pesados, fluoretos e enxofre quando se desenvolve na presença desses elementos químicos no ar. Além disso, esta espécie acumula frutano, um carboidrato solúvel cuja produção pode ser alterada por um número variado de perturbações ambientais. O presente trabalho foi dividido em três experimentos com os objetivos de (1) verificar a partição de carboidratos solúveis em cinco partes distintas (lâmina em alongamento, lâmina expandida, porção superior do estolho, porção inferior do estolho e raízes) de plantas de L. multiflorum; (2) analisar as relações sazonais e diurnas entre concentrações de poluentes aéreos urbanos, principalmente de dióxidos de enxofre e de nitrogênio e de material particulado, entre outros fatores ambientais, concentrações foliares de metais e mudanças no acúmulo de frutanos em plantas de Lolium multiflorum Lam ssp. italicum expostas a diferentes condições de poluição do ar na cidade de São Paulo; (3) verificar se as variações sazonais e diurnas no conteúdo de frutanos são determinadas por acúmulos foliares de enxofre e metais pesados ou por variações nas concentrações de poluentes gasosos; e (4) verificar a eficiência bioacumuladora da variedade “Lema” de Lolium multiflorum para a região tropical. Para isso, as plantas foram expostas durante períodos consecutivos de 28 dias ou 2 meses, em cada estação do ano, em Congonhas (local com altos níveis de poluentes aéreos) e em casa de vegetação com ar filtrado (local controle). Após cada exposição, a frutose total foi quantificada pelo método de antrona e os frutanos analisados qualitativamente por HPAEC-PAD. As concentrações de enxofre foram determinadas por turbidimetria, enquanto que as concentrações de metais pesados (Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd e Ba) foram medidas utilizando um espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, após digestão ácida. Os resultados mostraram que o estolho contendo as bainhas foliares de L. multiflorum acumulou mais frutanos, enquanto que as raízes acumularam os menores níveis desse carboidrato. As variações sazonais no conteúdo dos carboidratos solúveis foram marcantes no presente trabalho e pareceram estar relacionadas com as condições climáticas, mas intensificadas pelas concentrações de poluentes aéreos, especialmente de metais pesados contidos no material particulado, e acumulados nas folhas de L. multiflorum expostas em Congonhas. Já as variações diurnas foram sutis, mas suficientes para refletir as variações de irradiância, temperatura e de alguns poluentes gasosos ao longo do dia. Tanto no experimento sazonal como no diurno, os frutanos de alto peso molecular pareceram ter sido hidrolisados sendo o acúmulo de frutanos de peso molecular intermediário preferencial nas plantas dos dois locais de estudo. As interferências no conteúdo e na composição de frutanos influenciaram a produção de biomassa e a partição desta entre as partes da plantas, o que ode ter alterado a capacidade acumuladora da espécie de elementos provenientes da poluição atmosférica. Assim, o uso da variedade Lema de L. multiflorum para fins de biomonitoramento da qualidade do ar em regiões tropicais deve ser cuidadoso. / The development of urban and industrial activities has caused a significant increase in the emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere. Air pollution, one of the most destructive factors of the environment, causes stress to plants, since certain compounds such as heavy metals are very reactive and dangerous to plant cells. The utilization of bioindicator plants is an usual practice to monitor the air quality and to diagnose the effects of air pollution on vegetation. The C3 temperate grass Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum Beck var. Lema is usually employed as bioindicator of air pollution, due to its high capacity of accumulating heavy metals, fluorine and sulfur when growing in the presence of these chemical elements in the air. This species also accumulates fructan, a soluble carbohydrate, whose production can be altered by to many environmental perturbations. In the present work three experiments were performed aiming (1) to verify the partitioning of water total carbohydrates in five different parts of plants of L. multiflorum (upper stubble; under stubble; elongating leaf, expanded leaf and roots); (2) to analyze the seasonal and the diurnal relationships between the concentrations of urban air pollutants, mainly nitrogen and sulfur dioxides and particulate material, among other environmental factors, leaf concentrations of heavy metals and changes in fructan accumulation in plants of L. multiflorum exposed to different conditions of air pollution in São Paulo city; (3) to verify if the seasonal and diurnal variations in the content of fructans are determined by leaf accumulation of sulfur and heavy metals or by variations in the concentrations of gaseous pollutants or other environmental factors; and (4) to verify the bioindicator efficiency of the variety “Lema” of Lolium multiflorum in tropical areas. Plants were consecutively exposed during 28 days or two months in each season at Congonhas (site reached by high levels of air pollutants) and at a glasshouse with filtered air (reference situation). After each exposure, fructan composition as well as leaf concentrations of total fructose and of sulfur and metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ba) were measured. Total fructose was quantified by the anthrone method and fructan composition was analyzed by HPAEC-PAD. Sulfur concentrations were determined by the turbidimetric method, whereas metal concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, after acidic digestion. Results showed that the stubble containing the leaf sheaths of L. multiflorum accumulated the highest levels of fructans, while the roots accumulated the lowest levels. Seasonal variations in the contents of soluble carbohydrates were evident in the present work and seemed to be related with the climatic conditions but intensified by the air pollutants, especially heavy metals contained in the particulate matter, and accumulated in the leaves of L. multiflorum exposed in Congonhas. However the diurnal variations were tenuous, but reflected the variations of irradiance, temperature and of some gaseous pollutants during daytime. In the both seasonal and diurnal experiments, the fructans of high molecular weight seemed to be hydrolyzed and the accumulation of fructans of intermediary molecular weigh was significant in the plants from both sites. The changes in the content and in the composition of fructans altered the biomass production and partition among roots and shoots, which might have been disturbed their characteristic of accumulating chemical elements from air pollution in the leaves. So, the use of the variety Lema of L. multiflorum for biomonitoring purposes in tropical areas should be carefully evaluated.

A lectina da alga marinha vermelha Amansia multifida, foi investigada com respeito à sua especificidade e afinidade por estruturas de carboidratos complexos. A cinÃtica da interaÃÃo em tempo real da lectina solÃvel com vÃrias glicoproteÃnas imobilizadas, e a inibiÃÃo destas interaÃÃes por oligomanosÃdeos, foram analisadas atravÃs da tecnologia de ressonÃncia plasmÃnica de superfÃcie. A lectina exibiu uma certa preferÃncia pelo monossacarÃdeo manose e a sua interaÃÃo por di-tri e pentamanosÃdeos foi mais expressiva. A lectina de A. multifida interagiu com glicopeptÃdeos Man5 a Man8â asparagina, e a alta afinidade da lectina pelas referidas estruturas, foi evidenciada quando da anÃlise da interaÃÃo com glicoproteÃnas tais como: lactotransferrina bovina e ribonuclease b. De acordo com os resultados obtidos com a coluna de Sepharose6B com lectina de A. multifida imobilizada, o baixo reconhecimento sobre a aglutinina de soja, confirma o nÃo reconhecimento sobre a estrutura Man 9, e descarta a capacidade de associaÃÃo da lectina com uma estrutura que exiba trÃs resÃduos de manose ligados em -1,2 na extremidade do glicano. Estudos farmacolÃgicos envolvendo a lectina de A. multifida complementaram este trabalho, quando foram testadas as atividades analgÃsica e antiinflamatÃria em camundongos. Os resultados indicaram que essa proteÃna produziu um efeito analgÃsico nos trÃs tipos de modelo de dor utilizados. Nos testes das contorÃÃes abdominais e de formalina, um efeito dose dependente foi evidenciado. A administraÃÃo por via intraperitoneal e por via oral, apresentou resultados que mostraram ser a primeira via de tratamento a mais efetiva. Com o objetivo de comparar a aÃÃo analgÃsica da lectina de A. multifida com um narcÃtico analgÃsico de aÃÃo central, morfina, foi realizado o teste da placa quente utilizando um tratamento prÃvio com naloxona, um antagonista opiÃide. A lectina de A. multifida, mostrou reduÃÃo no seu efeito antinociceptivo na presenÃa de naloxona, sugerindo portanto, que sua atividade envolve a ativaÃÃo de receptores opiÃides à semelhanÃa da morfina. Um efeito antinociceptivo a nÃvel central, tambÃm foi observado quando a lectina aumentou a duraÃÃo do tempo de sono induzido por barbitÃrico. A aÃÃo antiinflamatÃria da lectina de A. multifida foi comprovada no teste de edema de pata utilizando carragenina e dextrano. A participaÃÃo de lectina nos efeitos analgÃsicos observados, foi avaliada com utilizaÃÃo prÃvia de D-manose e avidina, das quais D-manose suprimiu a nocicepÃÃo satisfatoriamente. A lectina de A. multifida mostrou possuir propriedades analgÃsicas de origem perifÃrica e central, sendo esses efeitos mais evidenciados na dor de origem inflamatÃria. / This study aimed to investigate the specificity for simple sugars or glycoproteins of the lectin from the red seaweed Amansia multifida. The interaction kinetics in real time of the soluble lectin with several immobilized glycoproteins and the inhibition of these interactions by oligomanosides were analyzed through surface plasmon resonance technology. The lectin showed somehow preference to the monosaccharide mannose and its interaction with di-tri and pentamanosides was more expressive. The lectin of A. multifida interacted with glycopeptides Man5 to Man8â asparagine, and the high affinity of the lectin for these structures was shown by analyzing the interaction with glycoproteins such as ribonuclease b and bovine lactotransferrin. The results obtained with Sepharose6B column containing immobilized A. multifida and the low recognition of soybean agglutinin corroborate the non-recognition of Man 9, and discard the capacity of association with a structure showing three residues of mannose linked in a-1,2 at the glycan extremity. The results of the pharmacological studies with three models of pain showed that A. multifida lectin caused analgesia. In the abdominal contorsion and formalin tests a dose-dependent effect was observed. The IP route was more effective than the oral route. In order to compare the analgesic action of A. multifida lectin with that of morfine, a narcotic with central action, the hot plate test was conducted after pre-treatment with the opioid antagonist naloxane. The antinociceptive effect of the lectin was reduced at the presence of naloxane, which suggests that its action involves activation of opioid receptors as occurs with morfine. An antinociceptive effect at central level was also observed when the lectin increased the duration of barbituric-induced sleep. The lectin showed anti-inflammatory action by the paw edema test with carrageenan and dextran. The involvement of the lectin in the observed antinociceptive effects was assessed by pre-treatment with D-mannose and avidin. The antinociceptive effect was suppressed by D-mannose. A. multifida lectin was shown to have antinociceptive properties of both central and peripheral origin, being these effects more evident for pain of inflammatory origin

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-09T14:00:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Estevao Araujo Vilaca Junior.pdf: 1625360 bytes, checksum: a42cfa474fa1dc77d887e1bea594bbdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T14:00:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Estevao Araujo Vilaca Junior.pdf: 1625360 bytes, checksum: a42cfa474fa1dc77d887e1bea594bbdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Glucocorticoids are used in prenatal treatments to speed up the pulmonary development in cases of prematurity risk. The administration of glucocorticoids is commonly associated with change in the production and distribution of blood cells, hyperglycemia and change in carbohydrates metabolization in target-tissue, as liver. The present research has subjected to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone application in early and mid- pregnancy of rats over hematologic, biochemist and histochemistry parameters of the offspring. A Number of 12 albinic rats was divided in: group I rats treated with dexametasona 1 to 7 pregnancy day and with placebo 8 to 14 pregnancy day; group II rats treated with placebo 1 to 7 pregnancy day and with dexametasona 8 to 14 pregnancy day; group III rats treated with dexametasona to 1 to 14 pregnancy day with dexamethasone concentration reduction of 15% to each 2 days and group IV rats treated with placebo 1 to 14 pregnancy day. Decadron® commercial formularization was managed for intraperitoneal injection daily in the dose of 0.8mg/kg/animal. For analysis of the hematologic parameters and level of full blood carbohydrates, blood samples was taken for rats in 7, 14 and 21 pregnancy day and for the offspring in 5, 10 and 15 post-birth day. For assessment of offspring glycogen liver storage, histological sections were stained by Schiff’s Periodic Acid. The results of the present research point in respect to a time-dependent effect of dexamethasone administration during the pregnancy, leading to a distinct secular alterations in the hematology as lymphopenia, eosinopenia and neutrophilia at the moments of the administration, being reversible until the end of the pregnancy when performed in early third of pregnancy and changes in plasma levels of full blood carbohydrates in the matrices and offspring are more evident in the longest treatment. / Glicocorticóides são utilizados em tratamentos pré-natais para acelerar o desenvolvimento pulmonar em casos de risco de prematuridade. A administração de glicocorticóides é comumente associada com alterações na produção e distribuição de células sanguíneas, elevação na glicemia e alterações na metabolização de carboidratos em tecidos-alvo como o fígado. A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de dexametasona no início da gestação de ratas, sobre parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e histoquímicos da prole. Foram utilizadas 12 ratas albinas divididas em: grupo I com ratas tratadas com dexametasona do 1º ao 7º dia de gestação e com placebo a partir do 8º dia até o 14º dia de gestação; grupo II com ratas tratadas com placebo 1º ao 7º dia de gestação e com dexametasona do 8º ao 14º dia de gestação; grupo III com ratas tratadas com dexametasona do 1º ao 14º dia de gestação com progressiva redução de 15% da concentração de dexametasona a cada 2 dias e grupo IV com ratas tratadas com placebodo 1º até o 14º dia de gestação.Foi utilizada a formulação comercial Decadron® administrada por via intraperitoneal, em uma aplicação diária na dose de 0.8mg/kg/animal. Para a análise dos parâmetros hematológicos e níveis de carboidratos totais foram coletadas amostras de sangue nas ratas no 7o, 14o e 21o dia de gestação e na prole no 5o, 10 o e 15 o dia pós-natal. Para a verificação das reservas de glicogênio hepático da prole, cortes histológicos foram corados pelo Ácido Periódico de Schiff. Os resultados da presente pesquisa apontam para um efeito tempo-dependente da administração de dexametasona durante a prenhez, levando a alterações temporais distintas na hematologia como linfopenia, eosinopenia e neutrofilía nos momentos da administração, sendo reversíveis até o fim da gestação quando realizadas no terço inicial da gestação e alteração no nível plasmático de carboidratos totais nas matrizes e na prole mais evidente no tratamento mais duradouro.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-04T14:43:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leirson Salvador Bezerra de Vasconcelos.pdf: 534486 bytes, checksum: d319c5e2799db23cf278b249b3afd666 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leirson Salvador Bezerra de Vasconcelos.pdf: 534486 bytes, checksum: d319c5e2799db23cf278b249b3afd666 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is found mainly in the Northeast and Northern of Brazil, where large numbers of producers are involved with their exploration, thus making it a culture of great socioeconomic importance. Your culture seeks to obtain the green mass, much used in cooking in various dishes, in addition to the production of dried fruit for use in pharmaceutical and food industries. The concentration of nutrients from the nutritive solution is a feature very important for the development of plants, and one way to measure it is the electrical conductivity. This is directly related to the content of soluble salts, which can affect the development of plants. This study aimed to evaluate in terms of a greenhouse, growth and metabolism of coriander according to the ion concentration of two nutritive solutions under conditions of hydroponic cultivation. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement (7 X 2), with seven levels of electrical conductivity (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 dS.m -1) and two nutritive solutions with four repetitions totaling 56 experimental units. The nutritive solutions used were according to Castellane and Furlani with modifications to achieve the desired conductivity. The plants were collected after 60 days of planting. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and regression. The solution that produced greater amount of green mass and dry mass was to Furlani, although this solution the plants were more sensitive to increased electrical conductivity. The levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates showed a trend of increasing proportion of these compounds to increase the electrical conductivity. When connected the levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates and the two nutrient solutions, only to the concentration of carbohydrates was no difference between the solutions, in conductivities of 1.0 and 1.5 dS.m-1. Generally, the electrical conductivity changed the concentration of nutrients, but did not cause disturbances in the plant, since none of the ions had evaluated their negative or overpaid for the culture of coriander. So is true that the original solutions can be used for the production of hydroponic coriander. / O coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) é encontrado principalmente no Nordeste e Norte do Brasil, onde grande número de produtores está envolvido com sua exploração, tornando-o conseqüentemente uma cultura de grande importância socioeconômica. Seu cultivo visa à obtenção de massa verde, bastante utilizada na culinária em diversos pratos, além da produção de frutos secos para a utilização em indústrias farmacêutica e alimentícia. A concentração dos nutrientes da solução nutritiva é uma característica muito importante para o desenvolvimento das plantas, e uma das formas de mensurá-la é pela condutividade elétrica. Esta está diretamente relacionada ao teor de sais solúveis, que pode afetar o desenvolvimento das plantas. O presente trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e metabolismo do coentro em função da concentração iônica de duas soluções nutritivas sob condições de cultivo hidropônico. Os tratamentos constaram de um arranjo fatorial (7 X 2), sendo sete níveis de condutividade elétrica (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 dS.m-1) e duas soluções nutritivas com quatro repetições totalizando 56 unidades experimentais. As soluções nutritivas utilizadas foram a de Castellane e a de Furlani com modificações para obter a condutividade elétrica desejada. As plantas foram coletadas após 60 dias do plantio. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão. A solução que produziu maior quantidade de massa verde e massa seca foi a de Furlani, apesar de nesta solução as plantas terem sido mais sensíveis ao aumento da condutividade elétrica. Os teores de clorofila e carboidratos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento destes compostos proporcional ao incremento da condutividade elétrica. Quando relacionados os teores de clorofila e carboidratos e as duas soluções nutritivas, apenas na concentração de carboidratos houve diferença entre as soluções, nas condutividades de 1,0 e 1,5 dS.m-1. De modo geral, a condutividade elétrica alterou a concentração dos macronutrientes, porém não provocou distúrbios no vegetal, já que nenhum dos íons avaliados teve seus valores deficientes ou em excesso para a cultura do coentro. Assim é válido que as soluções originais podem ser utilizadas para a produção de coentro hidropônico.

The restriction of carbohydrates in the diet has been used as a strategy in weight loss and improvement of hormones parameters, however, how many of this nutrient reduction can occur, especially when associated with exercising, without harmful consequences to health and adherence to dietary follow-up among individuals with overweight is unclear. It analyze dietary adherence of individuals entered in the weight loss program and the effect of the adoption of diets with different carbohydrate levels on weight loss, body composition and hormonal markers of overweight individuals. This study was an experimental and randomized clinical one. The subjects were divided into two groups, one with carbohydrate restriction (R-CHO) and another with regular carbohydrate intake (A-CHO), however both groups followed the same training protocol (3x/week). All individuals were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after baseline. Both groups showed similarities on the reduction of the evaluated anthropometric parameters, but the group with dietary carbohydrate reduction had higher scores in dietary difficulties following evening meals (p <0,05), as well as reductions over the 12-week intervention, the hormone levels of T4, free T4 and testosterone (p <0,05). This leads to the conclusion that caloric restriction and training with no reduction of carbohydrate intake are able to promote weight loss addition to hormonal changes characteristic weight loss process, this strategy can be maintained for longer and with less reports of difficulties to follow the diet. / A restrição de carboidratos na dieta tem sido utilizada como estratégia na perda de peso corporal e de melhoria nos indicadores hormonais. No entanto, não é claro na literatura o quanto a redução deste nutriente, principalmente quando associada à prática de exercício físico, pode, ou não, provocar consequências prejudicais à saúde para indivíduos buscando redução de peso. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a adesão dietética de indivíduos inseridos no programa de perda de peso e o efeito da adoção de uma dieta com redução de carboidratos sobre a perda de peso, composição corporal e marcadores hormonais de indivíduos obesos. O estudo é de delineamento experimental do tipo clínico aleatório. Os indivíduos foram alocados em dois grupos: com baixo teor de carboidratos (R-CHO) e o outro com teores adequados (A-CHO), ambos com dieta hipocalórica. Todos os indivíduos foram inseridos em sessões de treinamento três vezes por semana e avaliados no início ao final de 12 semanas do programa. Ambos os grupos apresentaram semelhanças sobre a redução dos parâmetros antropométricos avaliados, porém o grupo R-CHO apresentou maiores escores de dificuldades no seguimento dietético de refeições noturnas (p<0,05), bem como reduções, ao longo das 12 semanas de intervenção, nas taxas hormonais de T4, T4 livre e testosterona (p<0,05). A restrição calórica associada à prática de treinamento regular sem necessariamente a redução de carboidratos, é capaz de favorecer a perda de peso e melhoria na composição corporal, além de alterações hormonais características no processo de perda de peso, podendo também ser mantida com menores relatos de dificuldades.