Expatriates working in a foreign environment with very different political, cultural and economic conditions often face both job-related and personal problems, which may lead to expatriate dissatisfaction. ¡@Previous research suggests that if expatriates are not satisfied while on assignment, the motivation to perform well and/or to remain abroad for the specified length of times is diminished. As a result, this study tries to do investigations to Taiwanese expatriates in China to experiment if certain determinants (training, mentoring, repatriate positing, long-term career planning, environmental factors, and individual career management strategies) can lead to expatriate job satisfaction. The result of this study suggests that among corporate career development plans, training and long-term career planning can facilitate expatriate job satisfaction, while mentoring and repatriate positing have no significant influence on job satisfaction. Besides, environmental factors and individual career management strategies both have significant positive effect on job satisfaction. This gives multinational companies (MNCs) some inspirations: -MNCs should do some investigations to previous expatriates to figure out the problems they¡¦ve encountered and design corresponding training programs for new expatriates. -MNCs should select expatriates with positive attitudes towards expatriate assignments or train their expatriates to become more problem-focused. -MNCs should help expatriates plan their future career paths. -MNCs should design sound mentoring and repatriate positing policies for their expatriates. -MNCs should make the environments surrounding expatriates become as benevolent as possible.

Os estudos sobre gestão de carreira, quer sejam no âmbito organizacional ou individual, são algo recente na literatura. Atualmente, entende-se que a responsabilidade pela gestão da carreira é das pessoas e que a sua consolidação ocorre ao longo das experiências de vida pessoal e profissional. Com as mudanças originadas pela globalização, novas tecnologias e aumento da competitividade, o contrato psicológico de trabalho migrou de um modelo de emprego vitalício para um modelo de independência e autonomia, onde o indivíduo é responsável pela gestão e desenvolvimento de sua própria carreira. Essas mudanças influenciaram os conceito de carreira e demandaram o desenvolvimento de teorias que considerassem aspectos relacionados à mobilidade, à busca de um sentido para o trabalho e ao sucesso psicológico, tais como a carreira sem fronteiras e a carreira proteana. Considerando a escassez e a necessidade de estudos empíricos no Brasil acerca do tema, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo identificar e analisar se a atitude de carreira de universitários tem relação com as novas teorias de carreira. O perfil de carreira agrupa os indivíduos de acordo com a presença de atitudes de carreira proteana, representada pelas dimensões autodirecionamento e orientação pelos valores, e de atitudes de carreira sem fronteiras, representada pelas dimensões mobilidade psicológica e mobilidade física. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva, com características quantitativa e qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário, cujas escalas foram validadas nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, bem como pela realização de entrevistas. A amostra é não probabilística e intencional e foi formada por 140 estudantes de graduação da Faculdade de Administração, Economia e Contabilidade da USP. A validação da escala de atitude de carreira foi feita a partir da análise da confiabilidade e consistência interna do instrumento de pesquisa, com base no software SPSS - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Os resultados obtidos através da técnica de análise fatorial foram satisfatórios no que tange à confiabilidade, utilizado o software SPSS. Com base nos dados estatísticos, os escores gerais de carreiras proteana e sem fronteiras apresentaram uma relação positiva, indicando a existência de uma correlação geral entre os dois modelos de carreira para a amostra deste estudo. Os resultados desta pesquisa, no geral, apontam a presença de direcionamento pelos valores, autodirecionamento da carreira, mobilidades física e psicológica, indicando que os respondentes apresentam atitudes de carreiras favoráveis para enfrentar as mudanças exigidas pelo mercado de trabalho. Estas atitudes são mais relevantes para os que fizeram a disciplina Gestão de Carreira, o que também foi confirmado pelas entrevistas. Com isso, conclui-se ser relevante discutir a gestão de carreira no início da carreira profissional desses jovens discentes, que estão entrando no mercado de trabalho. Para esses jovens, essas novas carreiras são uma realidade, ainda que se verifique se tratar de um movimento, não podendo ser ainda considerado como fato para todos os indivíduos pesquisados. Acompanhar a trajetória profissional desses alunos, ampliando a pesquisa com outras variáveis, agregará ao estudo um maior detalhamento sobre as inclinações de carreiras desses indivíduos. Ainda, as discussões deste trabalho, além de contribuírem para as reflexões acerca do assunto gestão de carreira no Brasil, abrem portas para pesquisas com egressos que estejam no mercado de trabalho há mais tempo, ampliando a discussão dos resultados de correlação entre os modelos de carreira proteana e sem fronteiras. / Studies on career management, whether organizational or individual, are something new in literature. Currently, it is understood that the responsibility for the career management is of the person and that its consolidation takes place over the experiences of personal and professional life. With the changes arising from globalization, new technologies and increased competition, the work\'s psychological contract migrated from a lifetime employment model to an independence and autonomy model, where the individual is responsible for the management and development of his own career. These changes influenced the concept of career and demanded the development of theories that consider aspects related to mobility, the search of a meaning to work and psychological success, such as boundaryless career and protean career. Considering the scarcity and the need for empirical studies in Brazil on the subject, this study aimed to identify and analyze if the career atitude of university students is related to the new career theories. The career profile groups the individuals according to the presence of protean career attitudes, represented by self-direction dimensions and values orientation, and attitudes of a boundaryless career, represented by the dimensions of psychological mobility and physical mobility. This is a descriptive research with quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Data collection was performed by applying a questionnaire, whose scales were validated in the United States and Brazil, as well as conducting interviews. The sample is not probabilistic and intentional and was formed by 140 undergraduate students of USP\'s School of Business, Economics and Accounting. The validation of the career attitude scale was made by the analysis of reliability and internal consistency of the survey instrument based on SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results obtained through the factorial analysis technique were satisfactory in terms of reliability, using the SPSS software. Based on statistics, the overall scoresof protean careers and boundaryless career presented a positive relation, indicating the existence of a general correlation between the two career models for this study\'s sample. Theresults of this research, in general, indicate the presence of targeting by values, career selfdirection, physical and psychological mobility, indicating that respondents have career attitudes favorable to face the changes required by the labor market. These attitudes are more relevant to those who made the Career Management discipline, which was also confirmed by interviews. Thereby, it is concluded to be relevant to discuss career management at the beginning of the career of these young students, who are entering the labor market. For these young people, these new careers are a reality, even if it is verified to be a movement, and can not be considered as a fact for all individuals surveyed. Follow the career path of these students, expanding research with other variables, will add to the study greater details on the slopes careers of these individuals. The discussions of this work, besides contributing to the reflections on the career management business in Brazil, opens doors for research with graduates who are in the labor market longer, expanding the discussion of correlation results between protean and boundaryless career models.

A sucessão ocorre nas organizações independentemente de ter sido ou não planejada. Trata-se de uma realidade do cotidiano organizacional reconhecida como um fator de representativa importância na estratégia devido à influência que exerce sobre o modelo de gestão, os indicadores de resultado e as relações sociopolíticas, naturais das relações humanas. Enquanto a sucessão pode ser considerada um evento pontual, o planejamento sucessório decorre de ações deliberadas, anteriores e posteriores ao evento propriamente dito. A tradição das pesquisas sobre sucessão enfoca essencialmente as empresas familiares e seus herdeiros, com algumas iniciativas de análise das posições mais altas da hierarquia das organizações (e.g., a de presidente). Trata-se de estudos de abordagem positivista, funcionalista e sistêmica, com raras publicações e discussões sobre o processo sucessório nas diferentes posições da organização. O presente estudo parte da seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: \"Como o processo sucessório pode ser explicado e representado considerando-se a sua dinâmica sob o conjunto de circunstâncias a que está sujeito e as ações e estratégias colocadas em prática pelos atores e grupos sociais organizacionais (i.e., comitê sucessório, sucessores, sucedidos, profissionais de recursos humanos)?\" Na busca de respostas a essa questão, tem-se como objetivo verificar, com base em uma abordagem interpretativa-contextualista, como se desenvolve e ocorre o processo de sucessão na organização brasileira, excluindo-se aspectos associados a proprietários e herdeiros. Para tanto, lançou-se mão do método de Ground Theory para coleta e análise dos dados. Entre outubro de 2013 e novembro de 2014, foram realizadas 109 entrevistas com um tempo total de gravação de aproximadamente 70 horas, além da observação de seis reuniões com duração média de duas horas. O \'campo\' onde se realizou a pesquisa foi constituído por atores sociais em diferentes cargos (work levels) de duas instituições. A primeira, com informantes da área de tecnologia da informação, era uma instituição financeira privada; e a segunda, com informantes de todas as diretorias, era uma instituição de capital majoritariamente público do Estado de São Paulo. Ambas as instituições eram de capital aberto e com ações listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. O processo sucessório que emergiu através da investigação com uso do método de Ground Theory foi representado segundo o modelo de axial coding, a partir do qual se demonstrou que o processo de sucessão formal é mediado por fatores que constituem as circunstâncias externas e as circunstâncias internas às instituições, bem como as circunstâncias pessoais dos atores sociais que compõem seus recursos humanos. Conclui-se que o planejamento sucessório nas organizações encontra-se em um estágio no qual os atores sociais não estão plenamente envolvidos e sua ascensão ou não às posições a que se dispõem ocupar na condição de potenciais sucessores é definida por representantes nos comitês constituídos para esse intento. A avaliação de desempenho é tida como requisito básico, porém condicionado à avaliação de potencial do ator social. No contexto contemporâneo, a definição operacional de sucessão deixa de ter como requisito básico a figura do profissional (a ser) sucedido ou a posição (a ser) vacante, podendo os potenciais sucessores alçar a posições criadas, sem ocupação anterior. É possível, portanto, que a movimentação se dê em sentido não apenas ascendente, mas também lateral e descendente. / Succession takes place in the organizations whether they have planned it or not. It is an organizational reality recognized as a factor of great importance in the organization\'s strategy, because it influences management models, results indicators, and socio-political relations that are a natural part of the human relationships. While succession is an episodic event, succession planning derives from deliberate actions taken prior and subsequent to the event itself. Succession research has traditionally focused on family-owned companies and their inheritors, with some research initiatives of analysing top executives (e.g., CEOs). The studies have taken positivist, functionalist, and systemic approaches, and barely discuss the succession process in the different hierarchical positions within an organization. The present study poses the following research question: \"How can the succession process be explained and represented building on its dynamics under the number of circumstances to which it is subject and the actions and strategies put in practice by the organizational groups and social actors (i.e., succession committee, successors, predecessors, human resources professionals)?\" In answering this question, the objective is to take an interpretivist and contextualist approach to assess how the succession process takes place in the Brazilian organizations focusing on aspects other than those related to owners and inheritors. The Ground Theory method was used for data collection and analysis. In total, 109 interviews amounting 70 hours of recording and observation of six meetings lasting 2 hours on average were carried out between October 2013 and November 2014. The \'field\' where the research was performed consisted of social actors in different roles (work levels) within two Brazilian organizations. A finance organization of the private sector was investigated through its participants from the information technology department, and a public-private organization was investigated through members that had different roles in the management body. Both were publicly traded organizations listed on the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, and the private-public organization is mostly funded through investments of the Sao Paulo State Government. The succession process that emerged through the grounded theory method was represented following the axial coding model. The representation showed that the formal succession process is mediated by factors related to both the organizations\' external and internal circumstances and their human resources\' personal circumstances. In conclusion, the succession planning in the Brazilian organizations is at a stage whereby the social actors are not fully involved, and their (non-)access to positions that they are keen on occupying in the condition of potential successors is defined by representatives in committees created for this particular purpose. The performance assessment is deemed as a basic requirement, but subject to the potential assessment of each social actor. In the contemporary setting, the operational definition of succession forsakes the basic requirement of a professional to be succeeded or an (imminently) vacant position. Potential successors may rise to positions that have not ever been held before, that is, the social actors may make lateral, ascending or descending career moves.

The discipline of Human Resource Management is regarded as one of the fundamental pillars of organisational theory. The employees of an institution are considered to be the most important assets that an institution possesses, primarily because they determine the success or failure of the institution in question. Employee attraction and retention is known to scholars of the discipline as one of the prominent challenges that constantly confront institutions, both public and private. As labour markets become more globalised, the phenomenon of employee mobility surges, which results in these public and private institutions needing to develop and implement measures that would assist them in attracting skilled personnel, whilst also ensuring that they have the ability to retain such personnel. The war for talent continues to grow in the contemporary world as institutions strive to adapt the ever-changing milieu in which they operate. This study examines the underlying factors of career and retention management practices in the Department of Local Government and Housing by virtue of evaluating the Career and Retention Management Policy that the Department has in place as a means of addressing its turnover and retention challenges. Furthermore, the study recommends possible solutions and strategies for improving the current interventionist policy of the Department. The literature study indicated that employee turnover is detrimental to the ability of an institution to deliver goods and services, particularly if dysfunctional turnover occurs. Some of the causes, costs and types of turnover were conceptualised, in addition to the discussions on career and retention management. The study highlighted that the establishment of effective career development and management systems in the workplace is imperative, particularly as employees continuously seek personal and career growth opportunities. The failure to develop such systems may result in employees seeking these opportunities elsewhere, which would consequently deter the Department or any other institution from attaining its goals and objectives. The empirical study of this dissertation investigated possible reasons or factors why senior managers of the Department of Local Government and Housing may want to leave the Department and seek employment elsewhere. In addition to this, an evaluation of the Career and Retention Management Policy would provide a perceptive for assessing the effectiveness of the Policy in terms of its capacity to reduce employee turnover, at the same time ensuring that the Department remains an attractive employer of choice. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to forty senior managers; however twenty-one were completed and returned by the participants. The analysis of the data revealed that the public service has the capability to retain critically skilled employees and that this is not necessarily brought about by the introduction of improved remuneration packages, but rather by placing an emphasis on career development because very often employees in the Department of Local Government and Housing are denied opportunities to climb the career ladder and this results in the Department’s retention ability being challenged. Various gaps within the Policy were identified, predominantly its content, which was described by participants as ambiguous. The study recommends possible solutions and strategies for addressing the challenges that were identified in the analysis. International best practices are utilised as a benchmark for establishing how other institutions have successfully formulated and implemented effective career development and management systems. / Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / School of Public Management and Administration / unrestricted

This Master's Thesis deals with the issue of talent management at Tesco Stores ČR a.s. The main goal was to create an action plan for cooperation with talent's at Tesco Stores ČR a.s. leading to an increase in employee engagement. Through a detailed study of specialized literature, talent management and its processes, employee development, succession planning, career management and performance management were defined. An analysis of the current system of talent management in the company was created based on interviews and a questionnaire survey. A SWOT analysis generated recommendations and suggestions for improvement on specific activities for talents, optimization of succession plans and development programmes.

Studiens syfte är att studera hur grundskollärare beskriver sitt arbete med elevers valkompetens, särskilt när det gäller att uppmärksamma könsmönster och stärka elevers självförtroende för att kunna göra väl underbyggda val. För datainsamling användes en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tematisk analys för att analysera insamlad data. Resultatet visade att lärarna ansåg sig spela en viktig roll för elevers valkompetens. Detta genom att hjälpa eleverna ta in och bearbeta information kring utbildningar och yrken. Men även genom att i sin dagliga undervisning arbeta för att utmana de könsmönster som finns i samhället och stärka elevernas situationsspecifika självförtroende genom bland annat positiv feedback. Studiens resultat tyder på att lärarna, genom sitt arbete med att stärka elevernas valkompetens, bedriver vägledning i ett generellt perspektiv utan att alltid vara medvetna om det. / The purpose of this essay is to study how compulsory school teachers describe their work with students’ career management skills (CMS), especially when it comes to paying attention to gender patterns and strengthening students’ self-efficacy in order to make well-founded choices. A qualitative method with semistructured interviews was used to answer the purpose of this essay and a thematic analysis was used to analyze the gathered data. The results showed that the teachers viewed themselves to play an important role in their students’ career management skills. This by helping their students collect and process information about different educations and vocations. But also by challenging gender patterns in society in the daily interactions with their students, together with strengthening their students’ self-efficacy through positive feedback, among other things. The results of this study indicates that the teachers, through their efforts to strengthen the students’ career management skills, provide guidance in a general perspective without always being aware of it.

Många som drabbas av utmattningssyndrom (UMS) upplever en nedsatt kognitiv förmåga och att sjukdomen blir en brytpunkt och ett vägval som kräver en väl fungerande handlingsplan inför framtiden. Denna studie har intervjuat individer med UMS och frågat hur de ser på karriärvägledning, om den behövs och vilken typ av vägledning som de efterfrågar. Resultaten från de kvalitativa intervjuerna analyserades utifrån careershipteorin och konstruktivistisk teori och visar att personer med UMS är i behov av en livsförändring som kräver ny insikt, utsikt och framsikt för en lyckad återgång till arbetslivet och ett hälsosamt förhållningssätt till arbete och prestation. Vidare framkom det ett behov av ett holistiskt förhållningssätt där individens egen livshistoria sätts i centrum då det inte finns några mediciner eller färdiga lösningar som passar alla. Karriärkompetens och livslångt lärande är centrala delar av denna studie och med en fördjupad kunskap inom detta område kan en studie- och yrkesvägledarens insats, det vill säga karriärvägledning, vara till stor nytta för personer med UMS. / Many people who suffer from fatigue syndrome (UMS) experience a reduced cognitive ability that becomes a turning point, leading to a crossroad that requires a well-functioning action plan for the future. In this study, interviews with people that are or have been diagnosed with UMS have shared their opinions regarding career guidance, whether career guidance is needed, and what type of guidance they perceive as needed. The results from the qualitative interviews were analyzed drawing on careership theory and constructivist theory, showing that people with UMS are in need of a life change that requires new insight, perspective and foresight for a successful return to work and a healthy way of relating to work and accomplishment. Furthermore, the study shows that there is a need for a holistic approach where the individual's own life story is put at the center, since no medications or ready-made solutions that suit everyone exist. Career management skills and lifelong learning are central parts of this study and with an expertise within this area, a career counsellor’s contribution, i.e. career guidance, can be of great benefit to people with UMS.

7 ABSTRACT Topic: Mothers manager - can cope with motherhood and career? is topical and is an area where there are still certain provisions regarding gender equality, which indicates the fact that women are represented only less than a third, although almost half the working population. It is clear that career managers are affected by many factors that are slowing down, which probably has the most significant effect of motherhood. In their qualitative research, I took aim at women who work as managers and have small children. Analyze in detail the four key areas: the experience of women returning after maternity / parental leave for managerial position, the impact of motherhood on their careers, strategies and experiences in balancing work and family and any experience with any form of discrimination in the labor market. The basic research question was: "What are the challenges facing the mother-manager gender inequality in our society?"

The master thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography, applications. In the theoretical part presents the basic concepts of business management theory. In the practical part, the general characteristics of the organization under study are described, and a study has been conducted on the management of the business career of technical specialists in government bodies. On the basis of the obtained data, recommendations have been developed for increasing the efficiency of managing the business career of technical staff with personnel management tools. In conclusion, summarized in accordance with the tasks. / Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, библиографического списка, приложений. В теоретической части представлены основные понятия, теории управления деловой карьерой. В практической части описывается общая характеристика исследуемой организации, проведено исследование управления деловой карьерой технических специалистов в органах государственной власти. На основе полученных данных разработаны рекомендации по повышению эффективности управления деловой карьерой технических сотрудников средствами управления персоналом. В заключении подведены итоги в соответствии с поставленными задачами.

The purpose of study is to investigate how guidance couselors in year 7-9 in primary school, work with students with intellectual disabilities, IF, to strengthen students´career management skills before various future choices, especially the choice of upper secondary special school. The study is carried out with qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight guidance counselors, all of whom have mentoring assignment for the special school. The result is analyzed on the basis of CIP theory, Cognitive Information Processing, which describes the decision-making process regarding elections and how career management skills develops during this process. The results show that guidance counselors work on the basis of sevrela different conditions and in differens ways. It is striking that guidance counselors work to create relationsships and broaden perspectives, in order to strengthen students´self awareness and develop knowledge about working life. Knowledge is the basis for students to be able to develop their career management skills. The study shows that guidance in compulsory school has challenges that limit the management space for students, wich affects the counselors´way of working. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur vägledare i år 7-9 i grundsärskolan, arbetar med elevermed intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, IF, för att stärka elevers valkompetens inför olikaframtida val, framför allt valet till gymnasiesärskolan. Studien är genomförd med kvalitativsemistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta stycken studie och yrkesvägledare som samtliga harvägledaruppdrag mot särskolan. Resultatet är analyserat utifrån CIP-teorin, CognitiveInformation Processing, som beskriver beslutsprocessen rörande val och hur valkompetensutvecklas under denna process. I resultatet framkommer att vägledare arbetar utifrån fleraolika förutsättningar och på olika sätt. Framträdande är att vägledarearbetar relationsskapande och perspektivvidgande, för att stärka elevernas självkännedom ochutveckla kunskaper om arbetslivet. Dessa kunskaper är grunden för att elever ska kunnautveckla sin valkompetens. Studien visar att vägledning i grundsärskolan har utmaningar sombegränsar handlingsutrymmet för elever vilket påverkar vägledarens arbetssätt.