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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Avaliação química e biológica de espécimens de Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae) / Chemical and biological evaluation of Bostrychia radicans specimens (Rhodomelaceae)

Ana Ligia Leandrini de Oliveira 02 March 2009 (has links)
Macroalgas vermelhas da espécie Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae) foram coletadas em diferentes ecossistemas de Ubatuba, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, mais especificamente nos costões rochosos da Praia Dura e no manguezal do Rio Escuro. Os extratos e frações obtidos dos espécimes, provenientes das duas regiões, expressaram diferentes respostas quando avaliadas as atividades tripanocida, leishmanicida, antitumoral, antifúngica e citotóxica. Estes resultados nos levaram a inferir que há uma possível relação entre as variações ambientais e a produção de metabólitos secundários biologicamente ativos nesta espécie. Concomitantemente ao estabelecimento do potencial biológico de extratos e/ou frações, foram realizadas avaliações comparativas do perfil químico da espécie B. radicans, coletada nos diferentes ecossistemas citados anteriormente. Através da comparação dos constituintes voláteis destas amostras, obtidos por microextração em fase sólida, foi possível observar diferenças significativas entre estas; sendo que a amostra proveniente dos costões apresentou uma maior diversidade de metabólitos. Em contrapartida, as análises comparativas dos constituintes apolares, realizadas por CG-EM, não revelaram diferenças significativas quanto à composição química da espécie. Com relação ao perfil cromatográfico das substâncias polares, obtido via CLAE, também foi observada semelhança quanto aos constituintes presentes em ambas as amostras. Ainda, a partir dos estudos químicos desta espécie foi possível o isolamento do colesterol e 4-hidroxi-N-(2-hidroxietil)-benzamida, além de outras substâncias isoladas em mistura, tais como: heptadecano, esqualeno, ácidos tetradecanóico e hexadecanóico, ésteres 9-octadecenoato e hexadecanoato de metila, os diterpenos trans-fitol e neofitadieno; além das substâncias aromáticas: 4-metoximetilfenol, 4-hidroxibenzaldeído, 4-hidroxibenzenoacetato de metila, 4-hidroximandelato de metila, 4-diidroxibenzenopropanoato de metila, hidroquinona, 4-hidroxibenzoato de metila, ácido 4-hidroxibenzenoacético e 4-formilcarbonilfenol. / Red macroalgae from Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae) species were collected in different ecosystems in Ubatuba, north littoral of São Paulo state, more specifically in Praia Dura rocky shores and Rio Escuro mangrove. The extracts and fractions obtained from specimens, of the two regions, expressed different responses when the trypanocide, leishmanicide, antitumoral, antifungic and citotoxic activities were evaluated. Based on these results, we could infer that there is a possible relation between the environmental variations and the production of secondary metabolites with biological activity, in this specie. At the same time, comparative analyses of chemical profiles of B. radicans from the different ecosystems were done in order to stabilish the influence of the habitat. The chemical profile of volatile compounds of B. radicans, obtained by solid phase microextraction, diverged significantly according to their habitat (mangrove or rocky shore) and the rocky shore specimens showed more variability of compounds. On the other hand, the chemical profile of apolar constituents, performed by GC-MS, were not significantly different in their midst. Concerning the chromatographic profile of polar constituents, obtained by HPLC, it was observed that these compounds were very similar. Moreover the chemical study of this species led to the isolation of cholesterol, and 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzamide, and other constituents isolated together, like: heptadecane, squalene, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids, methyl 9-octadecenoate and methyl hexadecanoate, trans-phytol e neophytadiene; behind the phenols: 4-metoxymethylphenol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, methyl 4-hydroxybenzeneacetate, methyl 4-hydroxymandelate, methyl 4-dihydroxybenzenepropanoate, hydroquinone, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and 4-fomylcarbonyl-phenol.
112

Walk-A-Way : A Maya Plug-in for Walk Cycle Automation

Christiansson, Kajsa January 2009 (has links)
In 3D and 2D animations walk cycles of characters appear very frequently and are an important way of expressing various aspects of the story told. However walk cycles are tedious and time consuming to animate. In this work an Autodesk MAYA plug-in has been developed, that aims at automating this process. The walk cycle plug-in can be highly beneficial for animators when creating convincing walk cycles in a fast and simple way. The plug-in calculates the right values for each phase in the walk cycle. The GUI of the plug-in makes it easy to provide the required input parameters. In addition, the plug-in allows the animation of a character to walk along a chosen path.
113

Dinâmica da perda e formação de compostos voláteis durante a concentração de suco de caju (Anacardium Occidentale L.) e impacto sobre o perfil sensorial da bebida / Dynamics of the losses and formation of volatile compounds during the concentration of cashew-apple juice (Anacardium Occidental L.) and impact on the sensory profile of the beverage

Biasoto, Aline Camarão Telles, 1981- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Aparecida Azevedo Pereira da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Biasoto_AlineCamaraoTelles_D.pdf: 2961321 bytes, checksum: 2144f2646383ead14df3703953f1a70a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O suco concentrado de caju apresenta grande potencial de mercado, mas tem sua receptividade prejudicada em decorrência da perda, por evaporação ou degradação, de compostos voláteis importantes para o aroma e sabor da bebida. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: conhecer a dinâmica da perda e formação de voláteis durante a concentração do suco de caju por evaporação, avaliar o impacto dessas alterações sobre o perfil sensorial da bebida ao longo do processo de concentração, e identificar a importância odorífera dos voláteis perdidos e formados. Suco fresco de caju (clone CCP76) foi concentrado de 10,3°Brix a 42,1°Brix em evaporador piloto tipo termo-sifão, operando em sistema fechado, com vácuo de 700mmHg e com vapor a 110oC. Ao longo do processo de concentração cinco amostras de suco foram recolhidas. Seus teores de sólidos solúveis foram de 11,8°Brix, 14,9°Brix, 20,2°Brix, 29,6°Brix e 42,1°Brix. Os voláteis do suco fresco e das cinco amostras de suco concentrado foram extraídos por método de enriquecimento dos vapores do headspace em armadilha contendo polímero poroso (Porapak®), procedendo-se duas horas de captura sob vácuo de 70mmHg, e eluição dos voláteis capturados em acetona. Os voláteis foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e quantificados por padronização externa, utilizando-se 12 padrões de diferentes classes químicas. A importância odorífera dos voláteis presentes nos isolados do suco fresco e do suco concentrado a 42,1°Brix foi avaliada pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa-olfatometria (CG-O) Osme. O perfil sensorial do suco fresco e das cinco amostras de suco concentrado foi gerado pela técnica de Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ®). Os dados sensoriais foram analisados por ANOVA, Tukey (p=0,05) e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Modelos preditivos gerados para avaliar a dinâmica da perda e formação de ésteres, terpenos, álcoois, aldeídos, cetonas e hidrocarbonetos ao longo da concentração do suco de caju, indicaram que logo na primeira etapa de concentração, quando o suco foi concentrado até 11,8°Brix, foram perdidos aproximadamente 95% dos terpenos, 85% dos ácidos e cerca de 50% das cetonas e aldeídos. Já na segunda etapa do processamento, quando a bebida foi concentrada até 14,9°Brix, foram perdidos mais de 90% dos ésteres inicialmente presente no suco fresco, 85% dos álcoois e 90% dos hidrocarbonetos. Quando o suco atingiu 20,2°Brix, o conteúdo de álcoois e principalmente de hidrocarbonetos passou a aumentar, sugerindo uma possível formação de voláteis dessas classes químicas nas etapas finais de concentração do suco. Alterações significativas no perfil sensorial ocorreram a partir da concentração do suco acima de 20,2°Brix, com destaque para o aumento na intensidade de aroma e sabor cozido, aroma e sabor passado, aroma e gosto doce e redução de aroma e sabor de caju fresco. A análise CG-olfatometrica e correlações entre os dados instrumentais e sensoriais identificaram os seguintes voláteis como marcadores potenciais da intensidade de aroma e sabor de caju fresco na bebida: isovalerato de metila, 2-metil-butanoato de etila, butanoato de etila, isovalerato de etila, hexanoato de etila, butanoato de metila, 2-metil-butanoato de metila e 2-metilene-butanoato de etila. Por sua vez, os voláteis pentanal, tolueno, salicilato de homomentila, psi-cumeno e acetato de 1-metil-hexila correlacionaram-se positivamente com intensidade dos aromas e sabores de cozido e passado no suco de caju. De um modo geral, a perda de ésteres e terpenos ao longo da concentração do suco, associada ao aumento dos níveis de hidrocarbonetos promoveu alterações drásticas no perfil sensorial do suco concentrado. Uma adequada recuperação dos terpenos e ésteres evaporados no inicio do processo de concentração, seguida da sua reincorporação ao suco processado seria uma solução para a melhoria da qualidade sensorial do suco concentrado por evaporação / Abstract: Concentrated cashew apple juice shows considerable market potential, but its acceptability is affected by the loss of volatile compounds of importance to the aroma and flavor of the beverage, due to evaporation or degradation. The objectives of this research were: understand the dynamics of the loss and formation of volatiles during the concentration of cashew apple juice by evaporative concentration, evaluate the impact of these alterations on the sensory profile of the beverage throughout the concentration process, and identify the odiferous importance of the lost and formed volatiles. Fresh cashew-apple juice (clone CCP76) at 10.3ºBrix were concentrated to 42.1ºBrix in a pilot thermo-syphon type evaporator operating in a closed system with 700mmHg of vacuum and steam at 110ºC. Five juice samples were taken throughout the concentration process and were found to contain the following soluble solids contents: 11.8°Brix, 14.9°Brix, 20.2°Brix, 29.6°Brix and 42.1°Brix. The volatiles of the fresh juice and of the five concentrated samples were extracted from the headspaces for two hours using a vapor enrichment method with a trap containing the porous polymer Porapak® under a vacuum of 70mmHg, followed by elution of the trapped volatiles into acetone. The volatiles were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified by external standardization using 12 standards of different chemical classes. The odoriferous importance of the volatiles present in the isolates from the fresh juice and from that concentrated to 42.1ºBrix were evaluated by the Osme gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technique. The sensory profiles of the fresh juice and of the five samples of concentrated juice were generated by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®). The sensory data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey (p=0.05) and by the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Predictive models generated to evaluate the dynamic of the loss and formation of esters, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons during concentration of the cashew-apple juice indicated that in the first step of concentration, when the juice was concentrated to 11.8ºBrix, approximately 95% of the terpenes were lost, 85% of the acids, about 50% of the ketones and aldehydes. In the second processing step when the beverage was concentrated to 14.9ºBrix, more than 90% of the esters initially present in the fresh juice were lost, more than 90% of the hydrocarbons and 85% of the alcohols. When the juice reached 20.2ºBrix, the content of alcohols and principally that of hydrocarbons starting increasing again, suggesting the formation of volatiles from these chemical classes in the final juice concentration steps. Significant changes in the sensory profile occurred when the juice was concentrated to 20.2ºBrix or above, highlighting increases in the cooked flavor and aroma, overripe flavor and aroma and sweet flavors and aromas, with reductions in the fresh cashew apple flavor and aroma. The GC-olfactometry analysis plus correlations between the instrumental and sensory data identified the following volatiles as potential markers of the intensity of fresh cashew apple flavor and aroma in the beverage: methyl isovalerate, ethyl 2-methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl butanoate, methyl 2-methyl butanoate and ethyl 2-methylene- butanoate. On the other hand, the volatiles pentanal, toluene, homomenthyl salicylate, psi-cumene and 1-methyl-hexyl acetate correlated positively with the intensities of the cooked and overripe aromas and flavors of cashew apple juice. In general it can be conclude that the loss of esters and terpenes during concentration of the juice, associated with the increase in hydrocarbons resulted in drastic changes in the sensory profile of the concentrated juice. One possible solution for improvement of the sensory quality of the concentrated juice could be an adequate recovery of the terpenes and esters evaporated off at the start of the concentration process by evaporation, followed by their reincorporation into the processed juice / Doutorado / Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos / Doutora em Alimentos e Nutrição
114

Persistência de fragrância em cabelo : influência das propriedades físico-químicas e da encapsulação de óleo essencial / Persistence of fragrance in human hair : role of physicochemical properties and encapsulation of perfume oil

Pavani, Matheus, 1989- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Marcos José Salvador, Inés Joekes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pavani_Matheus_M.pdf: 3408518 bytes, checksum: bdb62efa906a9a04de3a371f12ecd0f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A fragrância de um produto cosmético é um aspecto importante para determinar seu desempenho. É crescente o emprego de produtos naturais, bem como de fragrâncias encapsuladas na indústria cosmética. Entretanto, há escassos estudos descrevendo o perfil de liberação de fragrâncias a partir de matrizes complexas, muito menos a partir de cabelos. Este trabalho investigou a interação de uma fragrância livre ou encapsulada em cabelos virgens caucasianos. Óleo essencial de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf), livre ou encapsulado, foi empregado como fragrância em formulações de xampu e condicionador sem enxágue. O processo de encapsulação deu-se por meio de polimerização in situ da resina de melamina-formaldeído, variando-se parâmetros reacionais como velocidade de agitação, acidificação do meio e teor de óleo essencial. Os perfis de liberação da fragrância proveniente de mechas de cabelo, tratadas com as formulações obtidas, foram tomados ao longo do tempo (0 a 12 h), com amostragem por microextração em fase sólida (SPME) e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-MS). A liberação das substâncias da fragrância na forma livre variou em função do tipo de formulação cosmética (xampú ou condicionador sem enxágue). Neste caso, a persistência delas na fibra capilar se correlacionaou com seus valores de coeficiente de partição óleo-água (logP). Micropartículas esféricas (dH = 9 ± 1 µm) e rendimento de processo de 86 % foram obtidos com decaimento lento de pH aliado a agitação vigorosa durante a reação de formação. Estas partículas promoveram liberação sustentada para os constituintes linalol e citral (12 e 2 vezes mais duradoura em relação à forma livre, respectivamente), mostrando um aumento da persistência da fragrância encapsulada quando inserida em formulação sem enxágue, e modificando as forças de interação cabelo¿fragrância / Abstract: Fragrance plays an important role in the performance of a cosmetic formulation. The use of natural products in the cosmetic industry as well as encapsulated fragrances is growing. However, there are few studies describing the release profile of fragrances from complex matrices, much less from Human hair. This work investigates the interaction of a fragrance composition (free or encapsulated) with un-treated Caucasian hair. Lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf) was employed as fragrance in rinse-off shampoo or leave-on formulations. Encapsulation was performed by in situ polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde monomers, changing reaction parameters such as stirring rate, pH decay, and essential oil content. Fragrance release profiles from the hair tresses treated with the abovementioned formulations were acquired over the time (0 to 12 h) with a solid phase microextraction (SPME) device, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The release of free form fragrance constituents depended on the type of cosmetic formulation (shampoo or leave-on), but its persistence on hair fiber was correlated with its oil-water partition coefficient (logP) value in both cases. Spherical microparticles (dH = 9 ± 1 µm) and 86 % yield were obtained with slow pH decay combined with vigorous stirring during the encapsulation process. Sustained release of the fragrant components linalool and citral (12 times and twice longer-lasting compared to the free form, respectively) was found, showing an increased persistence of the encapsulated fragrance when inserted in the leave-on formulation and changing perfume¿hair interaction / Mestrado / Fármacos, Medicamentos e Insumos para Saúde / Mestre em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos
115

Überlegungen zur Parameterwahl im Bramble-Pasciak-CG für gemischte FEM

Meyer, Arnd, Steinhorst, Peter 11 September 2006 (has links)
Variants on the choice of nessecary control parameters in the generalized Bramble-Pasciak-CG method are discussed.
116

Betrachtungen zur Spektraläquivalenz für das Schurkomplement im Bramble-Pasciak-CG bei piezoelektrischen Problemen

Meyer, Arnd, Steinhorst, Peter 28 November 2007 (has links)
Der Einsatz der Finite-Element-Methode bei linearen piezoelektrischen Problemen führt auf eine Systemmatrix der Struktur \[\left( \begin{array}{lr} C & B \\ B^T & -K \end{array} \right)\] mit positiv definiten Blockmatrizen C und K. Zur Lösung indefiniter Gleichungssysteme, die diese symmetrische Blockstruktur besitzen, kann der Bramble--Pasciak--CG eingesetzt werden. Entscheidend für eine schnelle Lösung ist es dabei, gute Vorkonditionierer für den Block C sowie für ein inexaktes Schurkomplement zu finden. Nachfolgend wird das Schurkomplement auf Spektraläquivalenz zur Blockmatrix K untersucht, für welche gute Vorkonditionierer bekannt sind. / Using the Finite-Element-Method with linear piezoelectric problems leads to a linear system of the structure \[\left( \begin{array}{lr} C & B \\ B^T & -K \end{array} \right)\] with symmetric positive definite matrix blocks C and K. The Bramble--Pasciak--CG is a possible solver for indefinite linear systems of equations with this special symmetric block structure. Essential for fast solving are good preconditioners for the block C as well as for an inexact Schur complement. In the following, the Schur complement is examined to spectral equivalence with the matrix K. For K quite good preconditioners are known.
117

The synchrony and diachrony of New Western Iranian nominal morphosyntax

Karim, Shuan Osman January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
118

When Designers Ask, "What If?"

Denison, E. Scott 09 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
119

ITERATIVE SOLVERS FOR DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

SINGH, ONKAR DEEP 06 October 2004 (has links)
No description available.
120

Analog and Digital Approaches to UWB Narrowband Interference Cancellation

Omid, Abedi 02 October 2012 (has links)
Ultra wide band (UWB) is an extremely promising wireless technology for researchers and industrials. One of the most interesting is its high data rate and fading robustness due to selective frequency fading. However, beside such advantages, UWB system performance is highly affected by existing narrowband interference (NBI), undesired UWB signals and tone/multi-tone noises. For this reason, research about NBI cancellation is still a challenge to improve the system performance vs. receiver complexity, power consumption, linearity, etc. In this work, the two major receiver sections, i.e., analog (radiofrequency or RF) and digital (digital signal processing or DSP), were considered and new techniques proposed to reduce circuit complexity and power consumption, while improving signal parameters. In the RF section, different multiband UWB low-noise amplifier key design parameters were investigated like circuit configuration, input matching and desired/undesired frequency band filtering, highlighting the most suitable filtering package for efficient UWB NBI cancellation. In the DSP section, due to pulse transmitter signals, different issues like modulation type and level, pulse variety, shape and color noise/tone noise assumptions, were addressed for efficient NBI cancelation. A comparison was performed in terms of bit-error rate, signal-to-interference ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and channel capacity to highlight the most suitable parameters for efficient DSP design. The optimum number of filters that allows the filter bandwidth to be reduced by following the required low sampling rate and thus improving the system bit error rate was also investigated.

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