Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Sociais (csociais-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-25T19:12:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 M?rcio_Soares_ Rodrigues_Dis.pdf: 1650077 bytes, checksum: f295f0bb4fc140f92ad684e3b5956a9d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-26T13:46:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 M?rcio_Soares_ Rodrigues_Dis.pdf: 1650077 bytes, checksum: f295f0bb4fc140f92ad684e3b5956a9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T13:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 M?rcio_Soares_ Rodrigues_Dis.pdf: 1650077 bytes, checksum: f295f0bb4fc140f92ad684e3b5956a9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The main purpose of this research is to answer the following question: what were the factors that influenced the members of the MDB party to choose between PMDB or PDT when the multiparty system was restored in the late 1970? We intended to answer that question in two parts. First, we will do a historical analysis that goes from the multiparty system period - that began after the ?Estado Novo? regime - until the final moments of the bipartisanship system, in order to, as proposed by Panebianco (2005), prioritize the analysis of the foundation of the political parties, especially the sections of PTB and MDB from Rio Grande do Sul, as well as its development in such an unusual context as an opposing party, seeking to know how power were distributed in both organizations and the consequences of this interaction when the MDB party was extinguished. Then, we will analyze the political history of the MDB members from the elite of Rio Grande do Sul, searching for patterns in their political careers that may elucidate the choices between the two parties, highlighting the MDB leaders that have decided to join PMDB or PDT. Based on the journalistic coverage of the newspapers ?Zero Hora? and ?Folha da Tarde? from that period of time, we will also investigate how those leaders publicly justified their decision, in order to, considering the Panebianco (2005) study of the collective and selective incentives, verify if they use ideological and/or doctrinal arguments to explain their decisions, according to the narrative structured by the main leaders of those two political parties in that time: Leonel Brizola and Pedro Simon. / A presente disserta??o tem como objetivo principal responder ? seguinte quest?o: quais fatores colaboraram para a defini??o dos emedebistas ga?chos pelo PMDB ou PDT quando do retorno ao pluripartidarismo no final da d?cada de 1970? Buscamos responder das seguintes formas. Primeiro, faremos uma an?lise hist?rica do per?odo pluripartid?rio que se inicia ap?s o Estado Novo at? os momentos finais do bipartidarismo, visando assim, conforme proposto por Panebianco (2005), priorizar a an?lise do momento de nascimento das legendas, principalmente as se??es ga?chas do PTB e do MDB, bem como seu desenvolvimento em um contexto t?o at?pico para uma legenda oposicionista, buscando conhecer a estrutura e forma como o poder era distribu?do dentro de ambas ?s organiza??es, assim como a consequ?ncia desta intera??o no momento da extin??o do MDB. Segundo, atrav?s da an?lise da trajet?ria pol?tica da elite emedebista do Rio Grande do Sul, buscaremos encontrar padr?es de carreiras pol?ticas que possam elucidar a escolha da agremia??o a ser adotada com o retorno do pluripartidarismo, priorizando assim aqueles l?deres emedebistas que caminham para o PMDB ou o PDT. Com base na cobertura jornal?stica dos jornais Zero Hora e Folha da Tarde do per?odo, vamos analisar ainda como os l?deres emedebistas justificaram publicamente suas decis?es a respeito dos partidos adotados com a extin??o do MDB, visando assim, com base nos incentivos coletivos e seletivos de Panebianco (2005), verificar se estes utilizam de argumentos ideol?gicos e/ou doutrin?rios para explicar suas decis?es, conforme a narrativa constru?da pelos principais l?deres das duas legendas no per?odo, Leonel Brizola e Pedro Simon.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-17T19:59:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Elson Barbosa da Silva Junior.pdf: 1890259 bytes, checksum: 16078598a033a11572fd35aadc93d40b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T19:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Elson Barbosa da Silva Junior.pdf: 1890259 bytes, checksum: 16078598a033a11572fd35aadc93d40b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / CAPES / The planting of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is growing in the Midwest of Brazil, which is characterized by a technified agriculture, with an average yield of 1000 kg ha-?. New technologies of inoculation as carriers and the agricultural practice of pre inoculation are presented as alternative to current technologies. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate technologies for cowpea inoculation in the Midwest region of Brazil. The quality of the polymeric IPC 2.2 inoculant was evaluated for the cells survival at 180 days of storage and the ability to maintain viable cells after five weeks of inoculation. The agronomic performance of the polymeric inoculant and the pre inoculation were compared with technologies already recommended, in three different experiments with the same cultivate (BRS Guariba) in areas of Embrapa Agrobiologia (Serop?dica-RJ), Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Sinop-MT) and in the New Horizon farm ? Seeds Tomazetti (Primavera do Leste, MT). The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation was quantified by 15N natural abundance delta (?) in the two experiments in Mato Grosso State. In the experiment at Embrapa Agrobiologia the polymeric inoculant IPC 2.2 was compared with peat and liquid carriers, plus nitrogen treatments with 50 and 80 kg N ha-? and the absolute treatment. In the experiment at Embrapa Agrossilvopastoril the treatments were pre inoculated with polymeric inoculant IPC 2.2 and peat carrier, with 0, 1, 2 and 5 weeks before planting for both inoculants plus addition of nitrogen (70 kg N ha-?), and the absolute treatment. The assay at the New Horizon farm was in a central pivot area of 60 ha with the strains: BR3267 in the polymeric and liquid carriers; BR3262 in polymeric; and a consortium of four recommended strains (BR3267, BR3262, and BR3301 BR3302) in the polymeric carrier. The polymer showed inoculant cell concentration higher than 109 cells per gram after 180 days, and in the field experiment the formulation IPC 2.2 provided yield above the reference treatment and equal to the N treatment, and the peat and liquid carriers. The pre-inoculation with the polymeric blend with five weeks had the highest nodule dry mass, however it did not differ from the N control and the absolute, and the treatments did not differ for the productivity. In the essay at the Novo Horizonte farm the inoculation with the consortium of four strains had the highest nodule dry mass, and it differed from the BR3267 in liquid carrier and the BR3262. The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation did not exceed 50%, and the highest averages were obtained with 48% and 39% of N originated from biological fixation, respectively in the pre inoculation essay (14 days in the peat carrier), and with the BR3262 at the New Horizon farm with the polymeric carrier. Thus, it is concluded that the polymer inoculant might be recommended for the traditional form inoculation of the cowpea crop, and inoculation should be a common practice, since it was proven that with the no inoculated seeds there was no biological nitrogen fixation. / O plantio de feij?o-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] vem crescendo no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, que se caracteriza por uma agricultura tecnificada, com m?dia de produtividade de 1000 kg ha-?. Novas tecnologias de inocula??o, como ve?culos e uma pr?tica agr?cola de pr? inocula??o apresentam-se como alternativa as tecnologias atuais. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tecnologias de inocula??o de feij?o-caupi na regi?o Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foi avaliada a qualidade do inoculante polim?rico IPC 2.2, quanto ? sobreviv?ncia de c?lulas aos 180 dias de armazenamento e quanto ? capacidade de manter c?lulas vi?veis ap?s cinco semanas de inocula??o. O desempenho agron?mico do inoculante polim?rico e da pr? inocula??o foi comparado com as tecnologias j? recomendadas em tr?s experimentos distintos com a mesma cultivar BRS Guariba nas ?reas da Embrapa Agrobiologia (Serop?dica-RJ), Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Sinop-MT) e na fazenda Novo Horizonte- Sementes Tomazetti ( Primavera do Leste-MT). Foi quantificada a contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio pela abund?ncia natural do delta 15N (?) nos dois experimentos no Mato Grosso. No experimento na Embrapa Agrobiologia o inoculante polim?rico IPC 2.2 foi comparado com os ve?culos turfoso e l?quido, mais os tratamentos nitrogenados com 50 e 80 kg N ha-? e o absoluto. No experimento na Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril os tratamentos foram pr? inoculados com inoculante polim?rico IPC 2.2 e turfoso com 0, 1, 2 e 5 semanas antes do plantio para ambos inoculantes, mais o tratamento nitrogenado (70 kg N ha-?) e o absoluto. O ensaio na fazenda Novo Horizonte foi em ?rea de piv? central de 60 ha, com as estirpes: BR3267 em ve?culo polim?rico e l?quido; BR3262 em ve?culo polim?rico; e o cons?rcio das quatro estirpes recomendadas (BR3267, BR3262, BR3301 e BR3302) em ve?culo polim?rico. A formula??o IPC 2.2 manteve concentra??o de c?lulas superior a 109 c?lulas por grama ap?s 180 dias e no campo ela proporcionou uma produtividade superior ao tratamento absoluto e igual a dos tratamentos nitrogenados, ve?culos turfoso e l?quido. A pr?-inocula??o com a mistura polim?rica com cinco semanas obteve a maior massa de n?dulos secos, por?m n?o diferiu do controle nitrogenado e absoluto, assim como na produtividade os tratamentos n?o diferiram entre si. No ensaio na fazenda Novo Horizonte a inocula??o com o cons?rcio das quatro estirpes obteve a maior massa de n?dulos secos e diferiu da BR3267 em ve?culo l?quido e da BR3262. A contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio n?o ultrapassou os 50%, obtidas as maiores m?dias com 48% e 39% do N oriundo da fixa??o biol?gica respectivamente nos ensaios de pr?-inocula??o (14 dias no ve?culo turfa) e com a BR3262, na fazenda Novo Horizonte e em ve?culo polim?rico. Assim, se conclui que o inoculante polim?rico pode ser recomendado para inocula??o tradicional do feij?o caupi e que a inocula??o da cultura deve ser uma pr?tica corriqueira, uma vez que foi comprovado que com sementes n?o inoculadas n?o houve fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-23T18:13:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jakson Leite.pdf: 1055808 bytes, checksum: fa105f74410a81a1f30e45ae5e911c9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T18:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jakson Leite.pdf: 1055808 bytes, checksum: fa105f74410a81a1f30e45ae5e911c9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / CAPES / Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an important crop in northeastern Brazil with strategic advantages for production in semi-arid region, such its drought tolerance and good performance in low fertility soils. In addition, the nitrogen (N) fixed in symbiosis with rhizobia eliminates the demand for N fertilizers, with economic, social and environmental benefits. Little is known about the genetic diversity of bacteria associated to cowpea nodules in Brazilian semi-arid. The aim of the study was to characterize the bacterial diversity of Brazilian semi-arid soils associated with nodules of different cowpea cultivars by dependent and independent bacterial cultivation strategy. Initially a collection of 86 bacteria cowpea nodules isolated from semiarid soils was genetically characterized by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and symbiotic genes nifH and nodC. The sequences were compared with the NCBI database to identify isolates and phylogenetic relationships were built. In another study, we applied the independent cultivation method to evaluate bacterial communities associated with the nodules of two cowpea cultivars (BRS and BRS Acau? Pujante), in Ultisol with no history of cowpea cultivation. Nodules (N) were collected 35 days after germination, and soil samples (BS) from 0-20 cm deeper. DNA was extracted for analysis of bacterial communities with 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene rRNA. The analysis of the diversity of the bacterial collection of the nodules 54 of the 86 isolates were Bradyrhizobium. Other (32) belong to Rhizobium (13) and Microvirga (1), Alfaproteobact?ria class; Burkholderia (8), and Ralstonia (1), Betaproteobacteria class; Acinetobacter (1), Cronobacter (3), Enterobacter (1), and Pantoea (1), Gamaproteobact?ria; and Leifsonia (3), phylum Actinobacteria. As Bradyrhizobium predominated, analyzes were performed with the almost full 16S rRNA, nifH and nodC and isolates were distributed in 5 lines: 16S rRNA type I (44 isolates), type II (6), Type III (1), Type IV ( 2) and type IV (1). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene grouped the Type I strain in the large group Bradyrhizobium japonicum and close to the type strain of Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense. The analyses of the nifH and nodC gene separated the isolates in 5 symbiotic lines (I, II, III, IV and IV) and were congruent among them, which supports the theory of monophyletic in origin symbiotic gene Bradyhrizobium. The symbiotic lineages I and II are nearby and correspond to all isolates with 16S rRNA type I, being the dominant group associated with nodules. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial communities showed high diversity in the three environments (BS, RS and N). The communities associated with the nodes were significantly different (p> 0.01) from the surrounding nodules (LS and RS). Phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria were plentiful for BS and RS. In nodes, the Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes phyla predominated, Gammaproteobacteria being (58.8%) and Alphaproteobacteria (37.4%) in the phylum Proteobacteria and dominant Flavobacteriia (84.8%) and Sphingobacteriia (10.9%) in the phylum Bacteriodetes. For gender, Chryseobacterium, Entreobacter and Bradyrhizobium dominate in all nodes samples where Chryseobacterium prevailed in BRS Acau? and Enterobacter in BRS Pujante. / O feij?o-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] ? uma das principais culturas no Nordeste do Brasil com vantagens estrat?gicas para produ??o no semi?rido, como toler?ncia a seca e bom desempenho em solos de baixa fertilidade. Al?m disso, fixa N em simbiose com riz?bios eliminando a demanda de fertilizantes nitrogenados, com benef?cios econ?micos, sociais e ambientais. Pouco se sabe sobre a diversidade gen?tica de bact?rias associadas aos n?dulos de feij?o-caupi no semi?rido. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a diversidade de bact?rias de solos do semi?rido brasileiro associadas aos n?dulos de diferentes cultivares de feij?o-caupi com arbordagem que depende e independe de cultivo das bact?rias. Inicialmente uma cole??o de 86 bact?rias de n?dulos de feij?o-caupi isoladas de solos do semi?rido foi caracterizada geneticamente pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA e dos genes simbi?ticos nifH e nodC. As sequ?ncias foram comparadas com as do banco de dados do NCBI para identificar os isolados e as rela??es filogen?ticas dos mesmos com as de esp?cies conhecidas. Em outro estudo, aplicou-se o m?todo independente de cultivo para avaliar comunidades de bact?rias associadas aos n?dulos de dois cultivares de feij?o-caupi (BRS Pujante e BRS Acau?), em Argissolo Amarelo sem hist?rico de uso com a lavoura. Os n?dulos (N) foram coletados 35 dias ap?s a germina??o e a amostragem do solo (BS) de 0-20 cm. O DNA das amostras foi extra?do para an?lises das comunidades bacterianas com 454 pirosequenciamento do gene ribossomal 16S rRNA. Na an?lise da diversidade da cole??o de n?dulos 54 dos 86 dos isolados foram de Bradyrhizobium. Os demais (32) pertencem aos g?neros Rhizobium (13) e Microvirga (1), classe Alfaproteobact?ria; Burkholderia (8) e Ralstonia (1), classe Betaproteobact?ria; Acinetobacter (1), Cronobacter (3), Enterobacter (1) e Pantoea (1), Gamaproteobact?ria; e Leifsonia (3), filo Actinobact?ria. Como Bradyrhizobium predominou, foram feitas an?lises com os genes 16S rRNA, nifH e nodC e os isolados distribu?ram-se em 5 linhagens: 16S rRNA tipo I (44 isolados), tipo II (6), tipo III (1), tipo IV (2) e tipo IV (1). A an?lise filogen?tica do gene 16S rRNA agrupou a linhagem tipo I no grande grupo Bradyrhizobium japonicum e pr?ximo da estirpe tipo de Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense. A an?lise dos genes nifH e nodC separou os isolados em 5 linhagens simbi?ticas (I, II, III, IV e IV) e as ?rvores foram congruentes, o que suporta a teoria da origem monofil?tica de genes simbi?ticos em Bradyhrizobium. As linhagens simbi?ticas I e II s?o pr?ximas e correspondem a todos os isolados com 16S rRNA tipo I, sendo o grupo dominante associado aos nodulos. O sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA das comunidades bacterianas mostrou alta diversidade nos tr?s ambientes (BS, RS e N). As comunidades associadas aos n?dulos foram significativamente diferentes (p> 0,01) das que cercam os n?dulos (LS e RS). Os filos Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria foram abundantes para BS e RS. Em n?dulos, os filos Proteobacteria e Bacteriodetes predominaram, sendo Gammaproteobacteria (58,8%) e Alphaproteobacteria (37,4%) dominantes no filo Proteobacteria e Flavobacteriia (84,8%) e Sphingobacteriia (10,9%) no filo Bacteriodetes. Para g?nero, Chryseobacterium, Entreobacter e Bradyrhizobium dominam em todas as amostras de n?dulos, onde Chryseobacterium predominou em BRS Acau? e Enterobacter em BRS Pujante.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-29T17:27:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Miriam de Oliveira Bianchi.pdf: 4091539 bytes, checksum: 098efb42e3013339939d9ac91d1c741c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T17:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Miriam de Oliveira Bianchi.pdf: 4091539 bytes, checksum: 098efb42e3013339939d9ac91d1c741c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CAPES / The studies were carried part of the University of Coimbra - Portugal (Ecotoxicology Laboratory of Soil and Marine Research Institute-IMAR) and part of the premises of Embrapa Agrobiology - RJ. Originated from the beneficiation process aluminum, red mud (red mud), is generated from the refining of bauxite to produce alumina (Al2O3). Characterized as material of high alkalinity and large amount of salts associated with a huge amount produced annually by industries, the disposal of this material requires innumerous care. Accordingly, studies involving the analysis of the possible effects of the use and application of this material in the soil and on water sources emerge as key tools to minimize damage, either to the soil biological community, as water bodies. The aim of this study were assessing the intrinsic toxicity of red mud in soil organisms in artificial soil (Chapter I), and In Natural soil (Chapter II); end on aquatic organisms (Chapter III) as a result of leaching from contaminated soil solution. For ecotoxicological tests with soil organisms we studied two 'types' of waste, namely the red mud ?In Natura? and "Filtered" (with a 3% reduction in the content of Na). The concentrations tested were initially 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% of the residue ?In Natura?, and then set new doses of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% residual In Natura and also the "Filtered", and two types of soil collected in the same region (Po?os de Caldas - MG) where there are deposits of bauxite (Alcoa). In Chapter a considerable difference in the sensitivity of the test organisms was checked. The results showed that the red mud strongly inhibited reproduction for each. The high sodium concentration (Na+ = 18500.9 mg L-1) is probably the most deleterious factor for the reproduction of these species and has not been minimized toxicity by treatment applied to the sludge to reduce this salt. In Chapter II was observed an increase in the effects of the toxicity associated with natural soils. Still, the particular characteristics of each soil allow achieving particular outcomes for each environment tested. In Chapter III the residue ?In Natura? proved toxic to all aquatic organisms studied. / Os estudos foram realizados parte na Universidade de Coimbra ? Portugal (Laborat?rio de Ecotoxicologia de Solos e Instituto de Pesquisas Marinhas-IMAR) e parte nas instala??es da Embrapa Agrobiologia ? RJ. Originada do processo de beneficiamento do alum?nio, a lama vermelha (lama vermelha), ? gerada a partir do refino da bauxita para produ??o de alumina (Al2O3). Caracterizada como material de alta alcalinidade e grande quantidade de sais, associado ? grande quantidade produzida anualmente pelas ind?strias, o descarte desse material necessita de in?meros cuidados. Nesse sentido, estudos que envolvam a an?lise dos poss?veis efeitos da utiliza??o e aplica??o desse material tanto no solo como sobre as fontes de ?gua surgem como ferramentas fundamentais para minimizar danos, seja para a comunidade biol?gica do solo, como de corpos h?dricos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a toxicidade intr?nseca da lama vermelha sobre organismos em solo artificial (Cap?tulo I); e em solos naturais (Cap?tulo II); e sobre organismos aqu?ticos (Cap?tulo III) em consequ?ncia da lixivia??o da solu??o do solo contaminado. Para os ensaios ecotoxicol?gicos com organismos de solo foram estudados dois ?tipos? do res?duo, a saber, a lama vermelha ?In Natura? e ?Filtrado? (com redu??o de 3% no teor de Na). As concentra??es ensaiadas foram inicialmente 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 e 90% do res?duo ?In Natura?, e em seguida, definidas novas doses de 0, 2,5, 5, 10, 20, 30 e 40% de res?duo ?In Natura? e tamb?m do ?Filtrado?, al?m de dois tipos de solo coletados na mesma regi?o (Po?os de Caldas - MG) onde ocorrem jazidas de bauxita. No Cap?tulo I foi verificada uma consider?vel diferen?a na sensibilidade dos organismos testados. Os resultados demonstraram que a lama vermelha inibiu fortemente a reprodu??o para cada um deles. O alto teor de s?dio (Na+ = 18500,9 mg L-1) ? provavelmente o fator mais delet?rio para a reprodu??o dessas esp?cies, n?o tendo sido minimizada a toxicidade pelo tratamento aplicado ? lama para a redu??o desse sal. No cap?tulo II foi poss?vel observar um incremento dos efeitos dessa toxicidade quando associado a solos naturais. Ainda assim, caracter?sticas particulares de cada solo permitem alcan?ar resultados particulares para cada ambiente testado. No Cap?tulo III o res?duo ?In Natura? mostrou-se t?xico para todos os organismos aqu?ticos estudados.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-05T20:11:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernanda Marques Peixoto.pdf: 14003225 bytes, checksum: 89c95a9ad22b1e74cdf2bda273665230 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T20:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernanda Marques Peixoto.pdf: 14003225 bytes, checksum: 89c95a9ad22b1e74cdf2bda273665230 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-08 / A lot of interest in the consumption of anthocyanins increased after the association of their intake and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Despite of in vitro evidences of anthocyanins benefits to health, there is still a gap in the knowledge of the mechanisms of absorption of anthocyanins by the human body. It is known that concentration of food anthocyanins doesn't reflect the amount of these compounds which are absorbed, metabolized, distributed and biologically active in humans. Some in vitro models have been developed to evaluate the steps of cell release and transport ( uptake) of these compounds from food. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro absorption of food anthocyanins using the in vitro digestion followed by uptake and transport in Caco-2 human intestinal cell line and MKN-28 human gastric cell line. Initially, anthocyanins bioaccessibility of diverse fruits was evaluated in order to select the better sources for transport assays. The bioaccessibility assays were performed using an in vitro digestion model, which mimics the human oral, gastric and intestinal stages. Quantification and characterization of anthocyanins profile were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Thermo Scientific? C1s 2.4 (4.6 x 10mm) column. After selection of the most promising fruits, the bioaccessibility tests were followed by transport assays. To assess gastric absorption, the product from gastric digestion was applied on the MKN-28 cell monolayer, which was obtained after 7 days of culture of 2.5 x 10^5 MKN-28 cells seeded in RPMI culture media in transwell? plates. The permeate was collected after 30, 60, 120 andl80 minutes oftransport. For evaluation of intestinal absorption after digestion, the digesta from the intestinal phase was applied on the Caco-2 cell monolayer, which was obtained after 21 days of culture of 2.5 x 105 Caco-2 cells seeded in DMEM culture media in TRANSWELL? plates. The permeate was collected after 30, 60 and 120 minutes of transport. All analyses were made by forming CLUE / photodiode array detector (Thermo? Scientific) at 520nm. Peel powder from jabuticaba, jambo and Jamel?o were the most promising sources. The bioaccessibility of anthocyanins after gastric digestion was 13% for jabuticaba, 45 % for jambo and 65 % for jamel?o. In addition, the intestinal bioaccessibility was 1 O % for jabuticaba, 15 % for jambo and 45 % for jamel?o. The transport assay with the MKN-28 gastric cell line, revealed 19.7%, 9.7 % and 14.1 % of transport efficiency, respectively, for jambo, jabuticaba and jamel?o digestion products. While Caco-2 intestinal cell model showed 0.8 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 % oftransport efficiency, respectively, for jambo, jabuticaba and jamel?o. These results suggest food anthocyanins are preferentially absorbed by the human gastric mucosa and to a lesser extent by the human intestinal epithelium. / O interesse pelo consumo das antocianinas aumentou ap?s o surgimento da rela??o entre o seu consumo e a redu??o do risco de doen?as cr?nicas. Apesar das evid?ncias in vitro quanto a esses beneficios ? sa?de, ainda h? uma lacuna que permanece sob investiga??o: o mecanismo de absor??o das antocianinas pelo organismo humano. Sabe-se que a quantidade desses compostos, nos alimentos, n?o reflete a quantidade absorvida, metabolizada, distribu?da e biologicamente ativa em humanos. Alguns modelos in vitro t?m sido desenvolvidos para avaliar as etapas de digest?o e transporte celular (absor??o) de compostos dos alimentos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o transporte in vitro de antocianinas em alimentos utilizando modelos de digest?o in vitro seguido do transporte em c?lulas intestinais Caco-2 e c?lulas g?stricas MKN-28. Na 1? etapa, oito frutos foram analisados quanto aos valores de bioacessibilidade (BCSS) fornecidos pelas antocianinas presentes, para posterior sele??o para os ensaios de transporte. Os ensaios de BCSS foram realizados com um modelo de digest?o in vitro, para simula??o das fases oral, g?strica e intestinal humana. A quantifica??o e determina??o do perfil de antocianinas foram realizadas por Cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE), com coluna Thermo? Scientific C1s 2,4 (4,6 x 100mm). Na 2? etapa, realizou-se os ensaios de BCSS, anteriormente aos ensaios de transporte, nos frutos potencialmente mais promissores. Para a avalia??o do transporte g?strico, na sequ?ncia, o digerido g?strico foi aplicado sobre a monocamada de c?lulas MKN-28, com 2,5 x 10^5 c?lulas, em meio RPMI, em placa transwell? e, ap?s 7 dias de cultivo, o permeado foi coletado nos tempos 30, 60, 120, 180 minutos. Para o transporte intestinal, sequencial, o digerido intestinal foi aplicado sobre a monocamada celular Caco-2, com 2,5 x 105 c?lulas, em meio DMEM, em placas transwell? e, ap?s 21 dias de cultivo, o permeado foi coletado nos tempos 30, 60 e 120 minutos de transporte. Todas as an?lises foram realizadas por CLUE/detector de arranjo fotodiodo (Thermo? Scientific), a 520 nm. Os p?s da casca da jabuticaba, jambo e jamel?o foram as matrizes mais promissoras. A BCSS das antocianinas, ap?s a digest?o g?strica, foi de 13 % parajabuticaba, 45 % parajambo e 65 % parajamel?o, enquanto a BCSS intestinal foi de 10% para jabuticaba, 15 % para jambo e 45 % para jamel?o. Os ensaios de transporte (ET) com os modelos de c?lula MKN-28 resultaram em 19,7; 9,7 e 14,1 % de ET, respectivamente, para os p?s do jambo, jabuticaba, e jamel?o, enquanto que o modelo Caco-2, resultaram em 0,8, 0,2 e 0,3 % de ET, respectivamente. Estes resultados sugerem que as antocianinas s?o preferencialmente absorvidas pela mucosa g?strica.

CNPq / Faced with the need to implement a sustainable development, and seeking solutions for protecting the environment, the management of residues has undergone marked changes. Companies are increasingly involved in the optimization of residues produced in their production processes. The oil industry participates in this search by funding research and development of environmentally sound technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the development of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) in soils incubated with drill waste from oil well treated by washing to eliminate the influence of sodium. Two residues generated during drilling of the well 7-SMC-50D-AL were selected to be used in two assays: one in pots planted with barley, and one with leaching columns. For the pots testing the residues were washed with water, using a ratio of 1:5, aiming to reduce the effects of the sodium. Thus, the washing treatment defined two other conditions: residue washed and unwashed. The quantity of residue added to the soil was defined in order to obtain the barium concentrations of 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 and 1200 mg kg-1. The soil moisture was maintained at 70% of field capacity. The experimental units were kept incubated for 30 days, and covered with plastic bags to prevent water loss by evaporation. The plants sowing was made using 10 seeds in each pot, and after the thinning with 30 days there was left 4 plants per pot. After the harvesting, the plants were separated into root, shoot and grain; and it was evaluated the absorption of the elements barium, iron, manganese, calcium, sodium, zinc and potassium. The results showed that the residues of the centrifugal and the dryer promoted an increased production of plant dry matter, especially in the treatment with the residue washing. For the test columns, there was no washing of the residues. The same doses were tested with two conditions of humidity (70% of field capacity and reduced condition, simulating the presence of a ground water table). During the incubation the pH and the redox potential (Eh) were monitored until, in the reduction condition, values close to ? 200 mV were obtained, and then, waiting for 30 days to ensure the occurrence of the reduction reactions. After that, the leaching test proceeded, simulating rainfall and collecting the extract leachate to evaluate the barium content. The geochemical fractionation of barium was done using a modification of the BCR method. The fractionation results showed that the reduction condition provided greater availability of barium, increasing the bioavailable fraction for both cuttings. In the leaching test, there was an increase in barium level in the reduction condition, due to the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. / Diante da necessidade de implementar o desenvolvimento sustent?vel, buscando solu??es para a prote??o do meio ambiente, a gest?o de res?duos tem passado por mudan?as marcantes. As empresas est?o cada vez mais envolvidas na otimiza??o de res?duos produzidos em seus processos produtivos. A ind?stria petrol?fera participa dessa busca por solu??es atrav?s do financiamento de pesquisas e do desenvolvimento de tecnologias ambientalmente seguras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) em solos incubados com res?duos de perfura??o de po?o de petr?leo tratados com lavagem para eliminar a influ?ncia do s?dio. Foram selecionados dois res?duos gerados durante a perfura??o do Po?o7-SMC-50D-AL para serem utilizados em dois ensaios: um com vasos cultivados com cevada e outro com colunas de lixivia??o. Para o ensaio com vasos foi feita a lavagem dos res?duos em ?gua, na propor??o 1:5, visando diminuir os efeitos do s?dio. Dessa forma, o tratamento de lavagem definiu duas condi??es: res?duo lavado e res?duo n?o lavado. A quantidade de res?duo adicionada ao solo foi definida de modo a atingir as concentra??es de b?rio de 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 e 1200 mg kg-1. A umidade do solo foi mantida a 70% da capacidade de campo. As unidades experimentais permaneceram incubadas por 30 dias, cobertas com sacos pl?sticos para evitar a perda de ?gua por evapora??o. Em seguida foi feita a semeadura, utilizando 10 sementes em cada vaso, e com o desbaste ap?s 30 dias restaram apenas 4 plantas por vaso. Ap?s a coleta as plantas foram separadas em raiz, parte a?rea e gr?os e foi avaliada a absor??o dos elementos b?rio, ferro, mangan?s, c?lcio, s?dio, zinco e pot?ssio. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga promoveram aumento da produ??o de mat?ria seca pelas plantas, principalmente no tratamento lavado. Para o ensaio com colunas n?o houve lavagem dos res?duos. Foram testadas as mesmas doses em duas condi??es de umidade (70% da capacidade de campo e ambiente reduzido com presen?a de l?mina de ?gua). Durante a incuba??o foi feito o monitoramento de pH e potencial redox (Eh) at? que, na condi??o de redu??o, fossem atingidos valores pr?ximos de -200 mV, aguardando por 30 dias para assegurar a ocorr?ncia das rea??es de redu??o. Em seguida foi feito o ensaio de lixivia??o, simulando uma precipita??o e coletando o extrato lixiviado para avalia??o quanto ao teor de b?rio. Foi feito o fracionamento geoqu?mico do elemento b?rio utilizando-se o m?todo BCR com algumas modifica??es. Os resultados mostraram que no fracionamento as fra??es biodispon?vel para ambos os res?duos na condi??o de redu??o proporcionou uma maior disponibilidade do b?rio. Na lixivia??o houve um aumento dos teores de b?rio na condi??o de redu??o proporcionado pela redu??o de sulfato a sulfeto.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-28T18:08:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - V?ctor de Carvalho Martins.pdf: 5700751 bytes, checksum: 07961d0468442fc22ade82dc8b861206 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T18:08:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - V?ctor de Carvalho Martins.pdf: 5700751 bytes, checksum: 07961d0468442fc22ade82dc8b861206 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / Coffee is one of the most appreciated beverages in the world, due to its sensorial and functional characteristics. Currently, as the main producer and exporter in the world, it is estimated that in Brazil there will be growth in the domestic market in the coming years, in which roasted and ground coffee predominates. This type of product is impaired mainly by adulteration with other plant materials. The implementation of more sensitive and selective methods is necessary to ensure higher quality products. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a method to detect adulterants (rice, barley, corn and soybeans) in commercial samples of coffee, through the oligosaccharides profile and the techniques of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). From standard solutions of five possible chemical markers (maltose, raffinose, stachyose, 1-kestose and nystose) in aqueous solution of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (1:1) and in Milli-Q grade water, the operational parameters of the mass spectrometer and the chromatographic conditions were tested. The adopted chromatographic method consisted of chromatography by hydrophilic interaction and gradient elution of acetonitrile and aqueous solution of formic acid 0.1%, with injector temperature 20?C; injection volume 1.0 ?L; flow rate 0.5 mL/min; column temperature 35?C; and run time 10 min. For the spectrometric method, electrospray ionization was used in positive mode, with capillary, sampling and extraction cones voltages of, respectively, 3.0 kV, 50 V, 2.0 V; sample temperature 80?C; cone gas flow 40 L/h; temperature and flow of desolvation gas 300?C and 500 L/h; and collision energies of at least 15.0 V. The results indicated a good repeatability among analysis of standard solution, with selectivity by the real-time monitoring of the sequential mass spectra. Extracts from the previously roasted samples of adulterants were analyzed. It was confirmed the effect of temperature as an interfering factor for the detection of oligosaccharides. Only soybean presented as potential chemical markers raffinose and stachyose. For the grains of rice, barley and corn, another precursor ion of the same mass/charge ratio (m/z) of raffinose and 1-kestose was observed. It has been identified as maltotriose, in which isomeric differentiation can be ensured by different fragmentation profiles. The study of the mass spectra still ratified these results by the observation of a greater susceptibility of the rupture of ?, ? (1?2) bonds and the formation of ions fragments with saturated cyclic chain. However, through the use of the methodology, the chemical markers were not detected in the commercial samples of coffee, even with the samples previously disapproved for the presence of barley. The optimization of the extraction method or the inclusion of sodiated solvents may be necessary and, therefore, new experiments should still be performed, ensuring the applicability of the method by UPLC-MS-MS. / O caf? consiste em uma das bebidas mais apreciadas em todo o mundo, devido a suas caracter?sticas sensoriais e funcionais. Atualmente como principal produtor e exportador no mundo, estima-se que no Brasil haja crescimento no mercado interno para os pr?ximos anos, em que se predomina o caf? torrado e mo?do. Este tipo de produto ? prejudicado principalmente pela pr?tica de adultera??o com outras mat?rias-primas vegetais. A implementa??o de m?todos de maior sensibilidade e seletividade ? necess?ria para a garantia de produtos de maior qualidade. O objetivo desta disserta??o foi desenvolver um m?todo de detec??o de adulterantes (arroz, cevada, milho e soja) em amostras comerciais de caf?, atrav?s do perfil de oligossacar?deos e das t?cnicas de Cromatografia L?quida de Ultra Efici?ncia acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas Sequencial (CLUE-EM-EM). A partir de solu??es padr?o de cinco poss?veis marcadores qu?micos (maltose, rafinose, estaquiose, 1-kestose e nistose) em solvente solu??o aquosa de ?cido f?rmico a 0,1% e acetonitrila (1:1) e em ?gua grau Milli-Q, foram testados os par?metros operacionais do espectr?metro de massas e as condi??es cromatogr?ficas. O m?todo cromatogr?fico adotado consistiu no uso da cromatografia por intera??o hidrof?lica e elui??o em gradiente de acetonitrila e solu??o aquosa de ?cido f?rmico, com as condi??es de temperatura do injetor de 20?C; volume de inje??o de 1,0 ?L; fluxo de 0,5 mL/min; temperatura da coluna de 35?C; e tempo de corrida de 10 min. Para o m?todo espectrom?trico, empregou-se a ioniza??o por eletrospray em modo positivo, com voltagem no capilar, nos cones de amostragem e de extra??o de, respectivamente, 3,0 kV, 50 V, 2,0 V; temperatura da amostra de 80?C; fluxo do g?s do cone de 40 L/h; temperatura e fluxo do g?s de dessolvata??o de 300?C e 500 L/h; e energias de colis?o de, no m?nimo, 15,0 V. Os resultados indicaram uma boa repetitividade entre as an?lises das solu??es padr?o, com a seletividade sendo garantida pelo monitoramento em tempo real dos espectros de massas sequencial. Extratos das amostras previamente torradas dos adulterantes foram analisados, sendo confirmado o efeito da temperatura como um fator interferente para a detec??o dos oligossacar?deos. Apenas a soja apresentou como potenciais marcadores qu?micos rafinose e estaquiose. Para os gr?os de arroz, cevada e milho, foi observado outro ?on precursor de mesma rela??o massa/carga (m/z) da rafinose e da 1-kestose. Este foi identificado como a maltotriose, em que a diferencia??o isom?rica pode ser garantida pelos diferentes perfis de fragmenta??o. O estudo dos espectros de massas ainda ratificou estes resultados pela observa??o de uma maior facilidade da ruptura das liga??es ?,? (1?2) e de forma??o de ?ons fragmentos de cadeia c?clica saturada. Por?m, atrav?s do emprego da metodologia, n?o foram detectados os marcadores qu?micos nas amostras comerciais de caf? analisadas, mesmo com as amostras previamente reprovadas pela presen?a de cevada. A otimiza??o do m?todo de extra??o ou a inclus?o de solventes sodiados podem ser necess?rios e, por tal raz?o, novos experimentos ainda devem ser realizados, garantindo a aplicabilidade do m?todo por CLUE-EM-EM.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-04T17:35:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Fernanda Santana de Paulo.pdf: 1349643 bytes, checksum: 8da583439baf6dcac85c9ddb6af5ffbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T17:35:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Fernanda Santana de Paulo.pdf: 1349643 bytes, checksum: 8da583439baf6dcac85c9ddb6af5ffbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CAPES / Embrapa / The cowpea bean is a legume that has a wide economic potential, but it has not been explored efficiently. For this reason it has shown a yield potential far from the expectations of a so efficient legume in NBF as can be. The objective of this study is to obtain appropriate levels of P, Co, Mo nutrients. It is believed that these nutrients can optimize nodulation, nitrogen biological fixation and the growth of cowpea bean plants in representative soils from Cerrado, Mato Grosso. Based on the chemical analysis from the soil cited before, calculations for fertilization and liming were made. From the results obtained, were established doses for the elements of the present work (P, Co and Mo). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse conditions and performed in a randomized block design. It was used a factorial arrangement 2 x 5 (2 soils; five doses of each element of the present study ? inoculated with 3262 strain) + 1 + 3 replicates. The additional treatment (+1) was included to evaluate crop performance when applied 50 Kg.ha-1 of nitrogen. The study was split in two trials. In the first trial, different dosages of phosphorous were tested: control (without Phosphorus application); low (44 mg.vase-1 of P), medium (88 mg.vase-1 of P), medium-low (130mg.vase-1 of P) and high (175 mg.vaso-1 of P). These tests were made to obtain a optimum dosage. In the second trial, cobalt and molybdenum nutrient was tested as the following levels respectively: 0, 2, 3, 4, 6 mg and 0, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg. In the thirty-fifth day, the experiment developed in a greenhouse was collected. From the plants were evaluated height and plant diameter, nodulation (dry matter and number of nodules), shoot dry matter, root dry matter, chlorophyll content and N accumulation in shoot. The 88mg of P.vase-1 dosage that corresponds to 200 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 and the medium-high Cobalt and Molybdenum dosage that corresponds the application of 32g of Mo.ha-1 + 4g.ha-1 of Co provided higher nodulation in cowpea bean plants with consequent increase of biomass and nitrogen accumulation. The site where soil was collected had influence on the development and on the nodulation of the cowpea bean crop, when submitted to different dosages of P and Co+Mo. / O feij?o-caupi ? uma leguminosa de vasto potencial econ?mico, por?m n?o est? sendo explorado de maneira eficiente apresentando-se com potencial produtivo bem aqu?m das expectativas de uma leguminosa t?o eficiente em FBN. Sendo ent?o, o objetivo deste trabalho obter os n?veis adequados dos nutrientes P, Co e Mo que otimizem a nodula??o, a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio e o crescimento de plantas de feij?o-caupi em solos representativos do Cerrado do Mato Grosso. Com base na an?lise qu?mica do solo, foram realizados os c?lculos da necessidade de calagem e aduba??o e foram estabelecidas as doses dos elementos em estudo (P, Co e Mo). O experimento foi realizado em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (2 solos; 5 doses de cada elemento de estudo ? inoculadas com a estirpe 3262) +1 e 3 repeti??es. O tratamento adicional (+1) foi inclu?do para avaliar o desempenho da cultura na dose de N proporcional a 50 kg.ha-1. O trabalho foi dividido em dois ensaios, onde primeiro foram testadas dosagens diferenciadas de f?sforo que foram denominadas: controle, (sem aplica??o de F?sforo); baixa (44 mg.vaso-1 de P), m?dia (88 mg.vaso-1 de P), m?dia-alta (130 mg.vaso-1 de P), alta (175 mg.vaso-1 de P) para a obten??o de uma dosagem ?tima. Na segunda fase, foram testados os micronutrientes Co nas doses: 0, 2,3 ,4 ,6 mg e Mo nas doses: 0, 8, 16, 32 e 64 mg. Em casa de vegeta??o, aos 35 dias foi feita a coleta, as vari?veis avaliadas foram: altura e di?metro da planta, nodula??o (massa de n?dulos secos e n?mero de n?dulos), massa seca da parte a?rea, massa seca da raiz, teor de clorofila e ac?mulo de N na parte a?rea. A dose de 88 mg de P. vaso-1, que corresponde a 200 kg.ha-1de P2O5 e at? a dose m?dia-alta de cobalto e molibd?nio com correspondente a aplica??o de 32 g de Mo. ha-1 + 4 g ha-1de Co proporcionou maior nodula??o das plantas de feij?o-caupi com consequente aumento da biomassa do vegetal e ac?mulo de nitrog?nio. O local de coleta de solo influenciou no desenvolvimento e nodula??o da cultura do feij?o-caupi, quando submetida a diferentes doses de P e Co+Mo.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-04T17:50:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leilane da SIlva Lima.pdf: 2571314 bytes, checksum: 6a887a80293fe4214d8df0859a55db54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T17:50:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leilane da SIlva Lima.pdf: 2571314 bytes, checksum: 6a887a80293fe4214d8df0859a55db54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / CNPq / A major environmental issue is the impact caused by the extraction of primary materials and the waste disposal. The industry tries to change that with adjustments in the production chain to reduce impacts to the environment. However, this is a subject that has few studies. This study aimed to evaluate the development of rice plants (Oryza sativa) in soils incubated with waste from drilling oil wells, treated by washing to eliminate the influence of sodium and under two moisture conditions. Two residues generated during the drilling of the well 7-SMC- 50D AL were selected. Subsequently, the residue washing was done in water with the 1:5 proportions, to reduce the effects of sodium. Thus, the washing treatment defined two conditions: washed and unwashed residues. The amount of residue added to the soil was set to achieve concentrations of barium of 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg -1 and 900 mg kg-1. The soils were kept in two moisture conditions (70% of field capacity and waterlogged to get a reduced condition). During the incubation of vessels the redox potential (Eh) was monitored until values close to -200 mV was reached, in the reduction condition. After reaching these values, we waited up to 30 days before transplanting the rice seedlings and the test starting. Samples were collected from each experimental unit, and the elements barium, iron, manganese, calcium, sodium and potassium were analyzed. The rice was planted, and went throughout the vegetative cycle (approximately 3 months) until the plants were harvested for analysis. The results showed that the residues from the dryer and the centrifuge, with and without washing, in the oxidized condition, did not affect the dry matter yield of the rice plants. However, the soil reduction condition promoted increasing concentrations of barium absorbed by plants, and reduced the iron level. In the treatments with the residue and reduction condition, the solubilization of barium combined with a moderate iron deficiency possible interfered on dry matter production. / Uma grande quest?o ambiental ? o impacto causado pela extra??o de materiais prim?rios e pela deposi??o de res?duos. A ind?stria tenta mudar esse cen?rio com adequa??es ao longo da cadeia produtiva para diminuir os impactos ao meio ambiente. Entretanto, essa ? uma ?rea ainda pouco estudada.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa) em solos incubados comres?duos de perfura??o de po?o de petr?leo tratados com lavagem para eliminar a influ?ncia do s?dio e sob duas condi??es de umidade. Foram selecionados dois res?duos gerados durante a perfura??o do Po?o7-SMC-50D-AL. Posteriormente, foi feita a sua lavagem em ?gua, na propor??o 1:5, visando diminuir os efeitos do s?dio. Dessa forma, o tratamento de lavagem definiu duas condi??es: res?duo lavado e res?duo n?o lavado. A quantidade de res?duo adicionada ao solo foi definida de modo a atingir as concentra??es de b?rio de 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 e 900 mg kg-1. Os solos foram mantidos em duas condi??es de umidade (70% da capacidade de campo e reduzido com presen?a de l?mina de ?gua). Durante a incuba??o dos vasos foi monitorado o potencial redox (Eh) at? que, na condi??o de redu??o, fossem atingidos valores pr?ximos de -200mV. Ap?s atingir esses valores, aguardou-se 30 dias para o transplantio das mudas de arroz e in?cio da realiza??o do ensaio. Foram coletadas amostras de cada unidade experimental, onde foram feitas an?lises dos elementos b?rio, ferro, mangan?s, c?lcio, s?dio e pot?ssio. Foi realizado o plantio do arroz, permanecendo durante todo ciclo vegetativo (aproximadamente 3 meses) at? serem colhidas as plantaspara an?lise. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga, com e sem lavagem, na condi??o de oxida??o, n?o interferiram na produ??o de mat?ria seca das plantas de arroz. Entretanto, a condi??o de redu??o do solo promoveu o aumento dos teores de b?rio absorvidos pelas plantas e redu??o nos de ferro. Nos tratamentos com res?duo e na condi??o de redu??o, a solubiliza??o de b?rio combinada a uma defici?ncia moderada para ferro levou a uma poss?vel interfer?ncia na produ??o de mat?ria seca.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-17T18:11:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - N?colas Andretti de Souza Neves.pdf: 3040016 bytes, checksum: 3600f05656878beafe9a7cf3690b764f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T18:11:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - N?colas Andretti de Souza Neves.pdf: 3040016 bytes, checksum: 3600f05656878beafe9a7cf3690b764f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / The economy, as present in absolutely ordinary activities in antiquity was already studied by the great names of philosophy, as Aristotle and Plato. However, today we see is an obvious lack of guidance about the economy in a comprehensive way, as a science that is specific and, when engaged with all relevant aspects of the life of modern man, namely labor relations, production and especially in the education process. You can still see a gap between large population of what are the most basic concepts of economics. There is a resistance, often laden with myths, to which seeks to understand what really is the economy. In Brazil, the teaching of economics in high school is still in the process hiking very short steps. The initiative is still timid and faces resistance, especially in private educational institutions. And in public institutions Economy is present mainly in technical and vocational courses. One must realize that even the smallest social groups need to recognize the science that allows them the effective relations gain, profit upon their productions, whether basic, dedicated to agriculture, livestock, within a familiar aspect, or still in production, for example, crafts. It is possible to see that the IFAM courses, throughout its history, has sought to insert mechanisms to make space to learn, know and practice. And in this context, it appears in the curriculum of their courses, subjects directly related to economics. It is possible to bring to the Alto Solim?es communities, for example, the necessary support so that the people who had long lives fishing, handicraft production, fruit of the fruits of the region to develop their art, their work, knowing that he is inserted in an economic process, enabling a marked growth, since it is not only related to the empirical, but brings with it science Economics, as a source of knowledge necessary to make you think and rethink the means of production, ways of producing, selling strategies and expansion of any business that makes real what is taught in the classroom of technical courses offered by IFAM. In this sense, the teaching of economics in the production chain bio handicraft and jewelry echo in Tabatinga-AM district, allows monitoring of this creative activity and its stages, which takes advantage of the natural resources sustainably, available in the forest, together with inputs and tools to help artisan productivity and generate you income. This work aimed to achieved assess learning of economics concepts in the formation of the course students Medium Level Technical Administration of the Federal Institute of Education, Amazon Science and Technology - Campus Tabatinga, through the Theory of Production content, Production and Maximizing Profits costs in the participative study of the handicraft production chain in the upper Amazon, specifically in Tabatinga-AM / A Economia, t?o presente em atividades absolutamente corriqueiras, na antiguidade j? era objeto de estudo de grandes nomes da Filosofia, como Arist?teles e Plat?o. No entanto, hoje o que vemos ? uma car?ncia evidente de uma orienta??o acerca da economia de uma forma ampla, enquanto ci?ncia que ?, e espec?fica, quando envolvida com todos os aspectos pertinentes ? vida do homem contempor?neo, a saber as rela??es de trabalho, de produ??o e principalmente no processo de educa??o. Ainda ? poss?vel perceber uma dist?ncia entre grande parte da popula??o daquilo que sejam os conceitos mais b?sicos sobre economia. H? uma resist?ncia, muitas vezes carregada de mitos, a que se busque compreender o que realmente ? a Economia. No Brasil, o ensino da Economia no ensino m?dio ainda ? o processo que caminha a passos muito curtos. A iniciativa ainda ? t?mida e enfrenta resist?ncia, especialmente nas institui??es de ensino privado. E nas institui??es p?blicas a Economia est? presente principalmente nos cursos t?cnico-profissionalizante. H? que se perceber que mesmo os menores grupos sociais precisam reconhecer a ci?ncia que lhes permite as rela??es efetivas de ganho, de lucro em cima de suas produ??es, sejam elas b?sicas, voltadas para a agricultura, pecu?ria, dentro de um aspecto bastante familiar, ou ainda da produ??o, por exemplo, do artesanato. J? ? poss?vel ver que os cursos do IFAM, ao longo de sua trajet?ria, tem buscado inserir mecanismos que abram espa?o para o aprender, conhecer e praticar. E nesse contexto, surge, na grade curricular de seus cursos, as disciplinas diretamente ligadas ? Economia. J? ? poss?vel levar ?s comunidades do Alto Solim?es, por exemplo, o apoio necess?rio para que o povo que desde muito vive da pesca, da produ??o do artesanato, fruto dos frutos daquela regi?o possa desenvolver sua arte, seu trabalho, ciente de que ele est? inserido num processo econ?mico, viabilizando um crescimento not?rio, visto que n?o est? apenas relacionado ao emp?rico, mas traz em seu bojo a ci?ncia Economia, como fonte dos saberes necess?rios para que se pense e repense meios de produ??o, formas de produzir, estrat?gias de venda e amplia??o de todo e qualquer neg?cio que torne real aquilo que se ensina na sala de aula dos cursos t?cnicos oferecidos pelo IFAM. Nesse sentido, o ensino da economia na cadeia produtiva do artesanato de bio e eco joia no munic?pio de Tabatinga-AM, permite um acompanhamento desta atividade criativa e suas etapas, que aproveita os recursos naturais de forma sustent?vel, disponibilizados na floresta, em conjunto com insumos e ferramentas que auxiliam a produtividade do artes?o e que lhe geram renda. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo alcan?ado avaliar a aprendizagem dos conceitos de Economia na forma??o dos discentes do curso T?cnico de N?vel M?dio em Administra??o do Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas ? Campus Tabatinga, atrav?s dos conte?dos da Teoria da Produ??o, Custos de Produ??o e Maximiza??o do Lucros, no estudo participativo da cadeia produtiva do artesanato na regi?o do Alto Solim?es, especificamente em Tabatinga-AM.