Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleSM.pdf: 1455943 bytes, checksum: 8efcc0f4d0f0ac8dfc93b332700f07cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Four different sponge species were screened using Ouchterlony agarose gel and immunodiffusion tests to identify cross-reactivity with the polyclonal antibody IgG anti-deglicosilated CvL, a lectin from Cliona varians. Crude extract from the sponge Cinachyrella apion showed cross-reactivity and also a strong haemmaglutinating activity towards human erythrocytes of all ABO groups. Thus, it was submitted to acetone fractionation, IgG anti-deglicosilated CvL Sepharose affinity chromatography, and Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC-AKTA) gel filtration on a Superose 6 10 300 column to purify a novel lectin. C. apion lectin (CaL) agglutinated all types of human erythrocytes with preference for papainized type A and O erythrocytes. The haemagglutinating activity is independent of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions, and it was strongly inhibited by the disaccharide D-lactose, up to a minimum concentration of 6.25 mM. CaL molecular mass determined by FPLC-AKTA gel filtration on a Superose 12 10 300 column and SDS gel electrophoresis was approximately 124 kDa, consisting of eight subunits of 15.5 kDa, assembled by hydrophobic interactions. The lectin was relatively heat- and pH-stable. Leishmania chagasi romastigotes were agglutinated by CaL, indicating that lactose receptors could be presented in this parasite stage. These findings are indicative of the physiological defense roles of CaL and its possible use in the antibiosis of pathogenic protozoa / Uma varredura de lectinas foi realizada em extratos prot?icos de quatro esp?cies de esponjas utilizando t?cnicas de imunodifus?o para identificar lectinas imunorreativas ao anticorpo policlonal gerado contra CvL, uma lectina de Cliona varians. O extrato bruto da esponja Cinachyrella apion foi imunorreativo e apresentou atividade hemaglutinante a eritr?citos humanos de todos os grupos do sistema ABO. Assim, ele foi submetido ao fracionamento com acetona, ? cromatografia de afinidade com IgG anti-CvL desglicosilada ligada a Sepharose e ? romatografia de gel filtra??o em uma coluna Superose 6 10 300 GL em istema FPLC-AKTA (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) para a purifica??o de uma lectina imunorreativa ao anticorpo IgG anti-CvL. A lectina de C. apion (CaL) aglutinou todos os tipos de eritr?citos humanos, com prefer?ncia por eritr?citos papainizados dos tipos A e O. A atividade hemaglutinante mostrou-se independente dos ?ons Ca2+, Mg2+ e Mn2+, e foi fortemente inibida pelo dissacar?deo D-lactose, at? a concentra??o m?nima de 6,25 mM. A massa molecular da CaL, determinada por gel filtra??o em uma coluna Superose 12 10 300 GL em sistema FPLC-AKTA e eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com SDS, foi de aproximadamente 124 kDa, consistindo de oito subunidades de 15,5 kDa, unidas por intera??es hidrof?bicas. A lectina foi relativamente est?vel em extensas faixas tanto de pH quanto de temperatura. Promastigotos de Leishmania chagasi foram aglutinados por CaL, indicando que receptores de lactose podem estar presentes nesse est?gio do parasita. Esses achados s?o indicativos do papel de defesa fisiol?gica da CaL e do seu poss?vel uso na antibiose de protozo?rios patog?nicos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CiroUM.pdf: 180800 bytes, checksum: 5c8149c852c090a5294eca846131c912 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The caprine milk is a product of high biological value and high digestibility. Due to these characteristics it is quite used by newly born children that are not breastfed or that are intolerant to the bovine milk. The vitamin deficiency is a public health problem in underdeveloped areas as the Northeast of Brazil and where areas the caprine ones adapt very well. The present study was led to analyze the influence of the feeding in the vitamin levels in the caprine milk. The animals used were the races Saanen and Murciana, divided in three groups. The first group with 38 animals of race Saanen and the second with 30 animals of race Murciana were, fed with concentrated and voluminous. A third group with 20 animals of the race Saanen was fed exclusively with voluminous. The four group was added with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato, administered directly, like capsule, in the mouth of animal. Parallel it was verified the level of retinol of milk in the beginning and final of the sucked, in the goats of the second group (race Murciana n =30). The retinol of caprine milk was determined through the system of liquid cromatografia of high efficiency (HPLC). The retinol levels in the studied groups were respectively: first (38. 5 ? 12. 7 ?g/100ml), second (40. 5 ? 9. 7 ?g/100ml); third, with 20 animals of race Saanen fed exclusively with voluminous (23. 1 ? 6. 7 ?g/100ml) and in the group a, suplementation with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato (43,7 ? 18,8 ?g/100ml) before, and (61,9 ? 26,9 ?g/100ml) after the supplementation. It was not found significant difference between the averages from animals of the first and second group, that were fed with the same concentrate diet and voluminous, showing that the retinol levels in the milk of these two races are equivalent. Already in the animals of the first and third group that they were fed with different diets, in those which diet was just voluminous, a drastic reduction was verified in the retinol levels. In relation to the retinol of the milk in different moments from the same sucked, it was observed in the beginning of the breast-feeding (22. 6 ? 9. 8 ?g/100ml) and at the end of the sucked (49. 6 ? 14. 7?g/100ml), being the difference between the averages, statistically significant (p < 0,0001). Already in the animals that were supplemented, a significant increase was observed in the retinol concentration, being obtained a medium response of 41,85% / O leite caprino ? um produto de alto valor biol?gica e alta digestibilidade. Devido a estas caracter?sticas ? bastante usado por crian?as rec?m nascidas que n?o s?o alimentadas ao seio ou s?o intolerantes ao leite bovino. A defici?ncia de vitamina A ? um problema de sa?de p?blica em ?reas subdesenvolvidas como o Nordeste do Brasil e nessas regi?es os caprinos se adaptam muito bem. O presente estudo foi conduzido para analisar a influ?ncia da alimenta??o sobre os n?veis de vitamina A no leite caprino e o fornecimento de vitamina A para crian?as e cabritos. Os animais usados foram das ra?as Saanen e Murciana, divididos em tr?s grupos. O primeiro grupo com 38 animais da ra?a Saanen e o segundo com 30 animais da ra?a Murciana, foram alimentados com concentrado e volumoso. O terceiro grupo com 20 animais da ra?a Saanen foi alimentado exclusivamente com volumoso. O quarto grupo, formado por 25 animais do primeiro grupo tamb?m alimentados com concentrado e volumoso, foram suplementados com 10.000 UI de palmitato de retinol, administrados na forma de c?psula diretamente na boca do animal. Paralelamente foi verificado o n?vel de retinol do leite no in?cio e final da mamada, nas cabras do segundo grupo (ra?a Murciana n=30). O retinol do leite foi determinado atrav?s do sistema de cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (HPLC). Os n?veis de retinol no leite dos grupos estudados foram respectivamente: primeiro (38.5 ? 12.7 ?g/100ml), segundo (40.5 ? 9.7 ?g/100ml); terceiro, com 20 animais da ra?a Saanen alimentados exclusivamente com volumosos (23.1 ? 6.7 ?g/100ml) e no grupo suplementado com 10.000 UI de palmitato de retinol (43,7 ? 18,8 ?g/100ml) antes, e (61,9 ? 26,9 ?g/100ml) depois da suplementa??o. N?o foi encontrada diferen?a significativa entre as m?dias dos animais do primeiro e segundo grupo, que foram alimentados com a mesma dieta de concentrado e volumoso, mostrando que os n?veis de retinol no leite destas duas ra?as s?o equivalentes. J? nos animais da ra?a Saanen do primeiro e terceiro grupo que foram alimentados com dietas distintas, daqueles com dieta apenas de volumoso, foi verificada uma redu??o dr?stica nos n?veis de retinol. Em rela??o ao retinol do leite em momentos distintos da mesma mamada, foi observado no in?cio da amamenta??o (22.6 ? 9.8 ?g/100ml) e ao final da mamada (49.6 ? 14.7?g/100ml), sendo a diferen?a entre as m?dias, estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,0001). Nos animais que foram suplementados, observou-se um aumento significativo na concentra??o de retinol, obtendo-se uma resposta m?dia de 41,85%

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaLuciaLA.pdf: 558802 bytes, checksum: 98d47e89c4e4a60e90c20365fb7f45e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work studies the involved enzymatic way in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans sulfateds in the mollusc Pomacea sp. Had been identified endoglycosidases and exoglycosidases in the enzymatic extract of the mollusc Pomacea sp by means of hydrolysis activity in condroitim sulphate of whale cartilage and of the p-Nitrofenil-?-glucuronide, respectively. The enzymatic extracts qere obtained of Pomacea sp. being used of 0.1 sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0 and later centrifugated the 8,000 x g and the presents proteins in the sobrenadante were submitted to the fractionament with two crescents ammonium sulphate concentrations, the visualized activity biggest in the F2 fraction (50-80%). The ?-glucuronidase (F3) was isolated in gel chromatography filtration Biogel 1.5m, the purification degree was ratified in Chromatography Liquid of high efficiency (HPLC). The enzyme was purificated 6.362,5 times with 35,6% yield. The ? -glucuronidase isolated in this work showed a molecular mass of 100 kDa, determined for eletroforese in poliacrilamida gel . The determination of the ideal kinetic parameters for the catalysis of the p-nitrofenil- ? -glucuronide for ?-glucuronidase, showed excellent activity in pH 5,0 and temperature 65?C for 6 hours and apparent Km of 72 x 10-2 mM. It is necessary for the total degradation of 3mM of p-N-?-glucoronide, the amount of 1,2?g of ss-glucuronidase. The BaCl2 increased the activity of ss-glucuronidase, and the activity was inhibited completely by the composites SDS and NaH2PO4 / Esse trabalho estuda a via enzim?tica envolvida no metabolismo de glicosaminoglicanos sulfatados no molusco Pomacea sp. Foram identificadas atividades exo e endoglicosid?sicas no extrato prot?ico do molusco Pomacea sp por meio de hidr?lise do p-Nitrofenil-?-glucuron?deo e atividade em condroitim sulfato de cartilagem de baleia, respectivamente. O tecido obtido do molusco foi homogeneizado a 4?C com tamp?o acetato de s?dio, em seguida centrifugado a 8.000 x g e a prote?na presente no sobrenadante foi submetida ao fracionamento com crescentes concentra??es de sulfato de am?nio, sendo a atividade glicosid?sica maior visualizada na fra??o F2 (50-80%). A ?-glucuronidase (F3) foi isolada em cromatografia de gel filtra??o Bio-gel A 1.5m, o grau de purifica??o de 6.362,5 vezes foi ratificado em Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE) com um rendimento de 35,6%. A ?-glucuronidase isolada neste trabalho apresenta uma massa molecular de 100 kDa, determinada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. A determina??o dos par?metros cin?ticos ideais para a cat?lise do p-nitrofenil-?-glucuron?deo pela ?-glucuronidase, apresentou atividade ?tima em pH 5,0 e temperatura de 65?C por 4 horas e um Km aparente de 72 x 10-2 mM. S?o necess?rias para a degrada??o total de 3mM de p-N-?-glucuron?deo, a quantidade de 1,2mg de ?-glucuronidase. O BaCl2 aumentou a atividade da ?-glucuronidase e a atividade foi inibida completamente pelos compostos SDS e NaH2PO4

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelaPC.pdf: 1566185 bytes, checksum: 7d1058ec264f2b220826cdd6e4419f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-23 / The Visceral Leishmaniose (LV) disease is endemic in some places in Brazil. It is caused by the protozoa Leishmania chagasi, being transmitted for vector, the phlebotomies, Lutzomyia longipalpis. In virtue of the expansion of the illness in Rio Grande do Norte, it is necessary to evaluate the determinative ambient factors in the proliferation of the vector for better control of the illness. The variable rainfall and the social variables had been analyzed using space regression with two models and the ambient variable of ZANE and the variables analyzed in 205 houses in the cities of Natal, Extremoz, N?sia Floresta, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, S?o Jose do Mipibu, Parnamirim and Maca?ba the Person and ML Chi-square were used . The analyses had shown that high rainfall, plain relief, the forest, the humid tropical climate the activities of production culture of sugar cane and fruit culture and the presence of bovines increase the risk of the LV. The work showed that it has space aggregation and that ambient factors influence in the LV in the State / A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) ? uma doen?a end?mica em algumas regi?es do Brasil causada pelo protozo?rio Leishmania chagasi, sendo transmitida por vetor, o flebotom?neo, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Em virtude da expans?o da doen?a no Rio Grande do Norte, ? necess?rio avaliar os fatores ambientais determinantes na prolifera??o do vetor para melhor controle. Foram analisadas as vari?veis pluviom?tricas e sociais utilizando a regress?o espacial com dois modelos. Para as vari?veis ambientais do Zoneamento Agroecol?gico do Nordeste e as analisadas nos munic?pios de Natal, Extremoz, N?sia Floresta, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, S?o Jos? do Mipibu, Parnamirim e Maca?ba, onde foram georeferenciadas 205 casas, utilizando-se o coeficiente de Pearson e tamb?m o qui-quadrado para as primeiras. Os resultados mostraram que alta pluviosidade, relevo plano, a presen?a de floresta, o clima tropical ?mido as atividades de produ??o cultivo de cana de a??car e fruticultura e a presen?a de bovinos aumentam o risco da LV. Foi confirmada que h? agrega??o espacial e que fatores ambientais influenciam na LV no Estado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VideannyVAS.pdf: 505722 bytes, checksum: 93cf2e382da9c35e84a47a279a6d117f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / The intake of adequate quantities of food, including those rich in vitamins, is necessary for a healthy life. The lack of vitamin A has been characterized as a public health problem in developing countries, however, a high intake of vitamin A can result in toxic and teratogenics effects. High concentrations of vitamin A have been observed in the livers of animals. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of retinol in chicken livers and verify the effect of frozen storage on these levels. 64 livers from two chicken strains, Cobb and Ross, were used, came from four different farms. We examined 32 livers from each strain, 8 samples from each farm. Liver sample were homogenized individually, then 4 aliquots were taken from each sample. One of aliquots was analyzed immediately after slaughter (T0), the others were analyzed after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage at -18oC (T30, T60 and T90, respectively). Retinol dosage in the liver was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The levels of retinol varied significantly according to the strain. The mean retinol value in the fresh samples was 6678.0 ? 1337.7 and 8324.1 ? 1158.5 ?g/100g in the Cobb and Ross strain, respectively. Values of 4258 ? 918.7 ? 1391.7 and 4650.5 ? 1391.7 &#956;g/100g were found after 90 days of storage for Cobb and Ross strain, respectively. The liver freezing caused a significant reduction in their levels of retinol, causing a loss of up to 44% with respect to fresh livers. The reduction in retinol levels occurred from 30 days of storage. Even with the losses from the frozen, the ingestion of a typical portion of 100 g of liver, regardless the chicken strain analyzed, surpass all recommendations of consumption and the maximum tolerable intake of vitamin A (3000 &#956;g/day) for adults / A ingest?o de quantidades adequadas de alimentos, incluindo aqueles ricos em vitaminas, ? necess?ria para uma vida saud?vel. A car?ncia de vitamina A tem sido caracterizada como um problema de sa?de p?blica nos pa?ses em desenvolvimento, entretanto, uma alta ingest?o de vitamina A pode resultar em efeitos t?xicos e teratog?nicos. Altas concentra??es de vitamina A tem sido observadas nos f?gados de animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os n?veis de retinol em f?gados de frango e verificar o efeito da estocagem sob condi??es de congelamento sobre esses n?veis. Foram utilizados 64 f?gados de duas linhagens de frango, Cobb e Ross, provenientes de quatro diferentes propriedades. Examinamos 32 f?gados de cada linhagem, 8 amostras de cada granja. As amostras de f?gado foram homogeneizadas individualmente, em seguida foram retiradas de cada amostra 4 al?quotas. Uma das al?quotas foi analisada imediatamente ap?s o abate (T0), as demais foram analisadas ap?s 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento a 18oC (T30, T60 e T90, respectivamente). A dosagem de retinol no f?gado foi realizada atrav?s da Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE). Os n?veis de retinol variaram significativamente de acordo com a linhagem. O valor m?dio de retinol nas amostras frescas da linhagem Cobb e Ross foi de 6678,0 ? 1337,4 e 8324,1 ? 1158,5 ?g/100g, respectivamente. Valores de 4258 ? 918,7 e 4650,5 ? 1391,7 &#956;g/100g foram encontrados ap?s 90 dias de estocagem para a linhagem Cobb e Ross, respectivamente. O congelamento do f?gado causou uma redu??o significativa nos seus n?veis de retinol, ocasionando uma perda de at? 44% com rela??o aos f?gados frescos. A redu??o nos n?veis de retinol ocorreu a partir de 30 dias de estocagem. Mesmo com as perdas decorrentes do congelamento, a ingest?o de uma t?pica por??o de 100 g de f?gado, independentemente da linhagem do frango analisada, ultrapassa todas as recomenda??es de consumo e o limite m?ximo de ingest?o toler?vel de vitamina A (3000 ?g/dia) para adultos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoLPM.pdf: 466570 bytes, checksum: 827ec94d9844ad03ef852080e819058f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is considered the most destructive pest of the world fruitculture. Many pest management practices, mainly based on agrochemicals, have been developed to allow the world-wide commerce of fruit. Solutions to decrease the use of synthetic insecticides in agriculture are based on the development of new target-specific compounds which cause less damage to the environment, especially vegetal proteins with insecticidal effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate the deleterious effect of a purified vicilin of E. velutina (EvV) seeds to C. capitata larvae and adult insects and to investigate the mechanisms involved in these effects. EvV was purified, characterized and its deleterious effect was tested in bioassay systems. EvV mechanism of action was determined by immunodetection techniques and fluorescence localization in chitin structures that are present in C. capitata digestory system. EvV is a glycoprotein with affinity to chitin. Its molecular weight, of 216,57 kDa, was determined by gel filtration chromatography in FPLC system. Using SDS-PAGE, it was possible to observe EvV dissociation in two main subunits of 54,8 and 50,8 kDa. When it was submitted to eletrophoresis in native conditions, EvV presented only one band of acid characteristic. The WD50 and LD50 values found in the bioassays were 0,13% and 0,14% (w/w), respectively for the larvae. EvV deleterious effects were related to the binding to chitin structures presented in peritrophic membrane and gut epithelial cells, associated with its low digestibility in C. capitata digestive tract. The results described herein are the first demonstration of the larvicidal effects of plant protein on C. capitata larvae. EvV may be part of the pest management programs, in the toxic bait composition, or an alternative in plant improvement program / A mosca-da-fruta Ceratitis capitata ? considerada a praga mais destrutiva da fruticultura mundial, para o seu controle v?rios programas de erradica??o baseados em agroqu?micos foram criados para permitir o com?rcio mundial de frutas. Solu??es para a diminui??o do uso de inseticidas sint?ticos na agricultura est?o baseadas no desenvolvimento de novos compostos alvos-espec?ficos com menos persist?ncia no meio ambiente, em especial prote?nas vegetais com efeitos inseticidas. Neste trabalho o principal objetivo foi avaliar o efeito delet?rio de uma vicilina purificada de sementes de E. velutina (EvV) para larvas de C. capitata e propor o mecanismo de a??o da prote?na. EvV foi purificada, caracterizada e o seu efeito delet?rio foi testado em sistemas de bioensaios. O mecanismo de a??o de EvV foi determinado por t?cnicas de imunodetec??o e localiza??o por fluoresc?ncia em estruturas quitinosas, presentes no sistema digest?rio de C. capitata. EvV ? uma glicoprote?na com afinidade a quitina cuja massa molecular foi de 216,57 kDa, determinado por cromatografia de gel filtra??o em sistema de FPLC. Por SDS-PAGE, EvV dissociouse em duas subunidades principais de 54,8 e 50,8 kDa, e quando foi submetida a eletroforese em condi??es nativas apresentou uma banda ?nica de caracter?stica eletrofor?tica ?cida. Nos bioensaios a WD50 e a LD50 para as larvas foram de 0,13% e 0,14% (p/p). Os efeitos delet?rios de EvV foram relacionados a sua liga??o a estruturas quitinosas presentes na membrana peritr?fica e no epit?lio intestinal, associado com a baixa capacidade de C. capitata em digeri-la. Com esses resultados ? poss?vel propor a EvV como candidata a fazer parte de programas de manejo integrado de pragas, na composi??o de iscas t?xicas, como um potencial bioinseticida de natureza prot?ica.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRFA.pdf: 2472351 bytes, checksum: daab3b710d9abca3798e5b5314990137 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Background: Leprosy can cause severe disability and disfigurement and is still a major health in different parts of the world. Only a subset of those individuals exposed to the pathogen will go on to develop clinical disease and there is a broad clinical spectrum amongst leprosy patients. The outcome of infection is in part due to host genes that influence control of the initial infection and the host?s immune response to that infection. Aim: Evaluate if polymorphisms type SNP in the 17q118q21 chromosomic region contribute to development of leprosy in Rio Grande do Norte population. Material and methods: A sample composed of 215 leprosy patients and 229 controls drawn from the same population were genotyped by using a Snapshot assay for eight genes (NOS2A, CCL18, CRLF3, CCL23, TNFAIP1, STAT5B, CCR7 and CSF3) located in chromosomic region 17q118q21. The genotype and allele frequency were measured and statistical analysis was performed by chi-square in SPSS version 15 and graph prism pad version 4 software. Results: Ours results indicated that the markers NOS2A8277, NOS2A8rs16949, CCR78rs11574663 and CSF38rs2227322 presented strong association with leprosy and their risk genotype were GG, TT, AA and GG respectively. The risk genotypes for all markers associated to leprosy presented recessive inheritance standard. When we compared the interaction among the markers in different combination we find that the marker NOS2A8277 associated with CCR78rs11574663 presented highest risk probability to development of leprosy. When we evaluated the haplotype of the risk markers it was found a haplotype associated with increase of the protection (CSF38rs22273228CC, CCR78 rs115746638GA, NOS2A8rs169498CT and NOS2A82778GA). The association of the clinical forms paucibacilary and multibacilary with markers showed that to the markers NOS2A8 2778GG, CCR78rs115746638AA and CSF38rs22273228GG there were a strong influence to migration to multibacilary pole and to marker NOS2A8rs169498TT the high proportion was found to the paucibacilary form. Conclusions: Changes in the genes NOS2A, CCR7 and CSF3 can influence the immune response against Mycobacterium leprae. The combination among these polymorphisms alters the risk probability to develop leprosy. The markers type SNP associated to development of the leprosy also are linked to clinical forms and its severity being the polymorphism NOS2A8rs169498TT associated with paucibacilar form and the polymorphisms NOS2A82778GG, CCR78rs115746638AA and CSF38rs22273228GG associated to multibacilar form / Introdu??o: A hansen?ase ? uma doen?a milenar que pode causar incapacidades f?sicas e desfiguramento, sendo ainda imponente em nosso pa?s, um problema de sa?de p?blica em seis pa?ses incluindo o Brasil. Apenas uma fra??o dos indiv?duos expostos ao Mycobacterium leprae desenvolve sintomas caracter?sticos da hansen?ase. Os fatores relacionados ? evolu??o da infec??o para doen?a depende em parte de caracter?sticas gen?ticas do hospedeiro que influenciam o controle da infec??o e ? progress?o da resposta imune. Objetivo: Avaliar se polimorfismos localizados na regi?o cromoss?mica 17q118q21 est?o associados ? hansen?ase numa popula??o oriunda do Rio Grande do Norte. Material e m?todos: Foram estudados 215 pacientes de hansen?ase e 229 controles sendo genotipados por Snapshot. Foram estudados varia??es em oito genes (NOS2A, CCL18, CRLF3, CCL23, TNFAIP1, STAT5B, CCR7 e CSF3) localizados na regi?o cromoss?mica 17q118q21. As freq??ncias genot?picas e al?licas foram determinadas por contagem direta e as diferen?as na distribui??o dessas entre os casos e os controles foram avaliadas por qui-quadrado usando o pacote estat?stico SPSS vers?o 15, e Graph Prism Pad vers?o 4.0. Resultados: Nossos resultados mostraram que os marcadores NOS2A8277, NOS2A8rs16949, CCR78rs11574663 e CSF38rs2227322 apresentam forte associa??o com a hansen?ase e seus gen?tipos de risco foram GG, TT, AA e GG respectivamente, apresentando todos padr?o de heran?a recessivo. O marcador NOS2A8277 e CCR78rs11574663 indicou maior probabilidade de risco no desenvolvimento a hansen?ase em (OR = 3,92, p = 0,0001). A avalia??o e hapl?tipos mostrou que CSF38rs22273228CC, CCR78rs115746638GA, NOS2A8rs169498CT e NOS2A82778GA est?o relacionados com a prote??o para o desenvolvimento da doen?a. Quando analisamos a distribui??o genot?pica dos marcadores estudados entre as formas cl?nicas paucibacilar e multibacilar, foram encontrados que os marcadores NOS2A82778 GG, CCR78rs115746638AA e CSF38rs22273228GG apresentavam uma forte associa??o com o polo multibacilar enquanto que o marcador NOS2A8rs169498TT foi associado a forma paucibacilar. Conclus?es: Os genes NOS2A, CCR7 e CSF3 possuiram grande import?ncia na resposta imune contra o Mycobacterium leprae e que modifica??es na seq??ncia nucleot?dica desses genes alteram a forma como agem no controle e desenvolvimento da hansen?ase. Os polimorfismos nesses genes possuem uma maior probabilidade de risco quando analisados combinados. A maior susceptibilidade induzida pelos polimorfismos nesses genes est? ligada a forma como evolui a doen?a sendo alguns deles associados a uma doen?a mais severa e outros a forma mais branda. Estes dados validam que o agregado de genes presentes no cromossomo 17 que expressam mol?culas importantes para manuten??o do equil?brio imune e que contribuem de forma intensa para a prote??o contra microorganismos intracelulares como o Mycobacterium leprae podem ter suas fun??es comprometidas por altera??o de suas seq??ncias nucleot?dicas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LigiaRSG.pdf: 1967006 bytes, checksum: 8b87b6099179ae794004d1fbc6ee2c9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The vitamins A and E are recognizably important in the initial stages of life and the newborn depends on nutritional adequacy of breast milk to meet their needs. These vitamins share routes of transport to the tissues and antagonistic effects have been observed in animals after supplementation with vitamin A. This study aimed to verify the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin A megadose (200,000 UI) in the immediate post-partum on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum. Healthy parturient women attended at a public maternity natalensis were recruited for the study and divided into two groups: control (n = 37) and supplemented (n = 36). Blood samples of colostrum and milk were collected until 12 hours after delivery. The women of the supplemented group was administered a retynil palmitate capsule and 24 hours after the first collection was obtained the 2nd sample of colostrum in two groups for analysis of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in milk. The mean retinol concentration of 50,7 ? 14,4 ?g/dL (Mean ? standard deviation) and alpha-tocopherol of 1217.4 ? 959 mg/dL in the serum indicate the nutritional status biochemical appropriate. Supplementation with retynil palmitate resulted in increase not only retinol levels in the colostrum of the supplemented group (p = 0.002), but also the concentration of alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.04), changing from 1456.6 ? 1095.8 mg/dL to 1804.3 ? 1432.0 mg/dL (milk 0 and 24 respectively) compared to values in the control group, 984.6 ? 750.0 mg/dL and 1175.0 ? 730.8 mg/dL. The women had different responses to supplementation, influenced by baseline levels of retinol in colostrum. Those with previous by low levels of retinol in colostrum (<60 mg/dL) had increased the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in milk, whereas those with adequate levels (> 60 mg/dL), showed a reduction after supplementation. Supplementation with retinol palmitate is an important intervention in situations of high risk for vitamin A deficiency, when considering the need to maternal supplementation, since the excess vitamin can offer unfavorable interactions between nutrients essential for the mother-child group / As vitaminas A e E s?o reconhecidamente importantes nos est?gios iniciais de vida, sendo os rec?m-nascidos dependentes da adequa??o nutricional do leite materno para suprir suas necessidades. Estas vitaminas compartilham vias de transporte para os tecidos e poss?veis efeitos antag?nicos t?m sido observados em animais ap?s a suplementa??o com vitamina A. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da suplementa??o materna com megadose de vitamina A (200.000 UI) no p?s-parto imediato sobre a concentra??o de alfa-tocoferol no colostro. Parturientes saud?veis atendidas em uma maternidade p?blica natalense foram recrutadas para o estudo e divididas em dois grupos: controle (n = 37) e suplementado (n = 36). Amostras de sangue e leite colostro foram coletadas at? 12 horas p?s-parto. Neste momento, nas mulheres do grupo suplementado foi administrada a c?psula de vitamina A. Decorrido 24 horas ap?s a primeira coleta foi obtida a 2? amostra de colostro nos dois grupos para an?lise de retinol e alfa-tocoferol no leite. A concentra??o m?dia de retinol de 50,7 ? 14,4 ?g/dL (Media ? Desvio Padr?o) e de alfa-tocoferol de 1217,4 ? 959 ?g/dL no soro das mulheres indicaram estado nutricional adequado nas vitaminas A e E. A suplementa??o com retinol palmitato resultou em aumento n?o somente na concentra??o do retinol no leite colostro do grupo suplementado (p= 0,002), mas tamb?m na concentra??o do alfa-tocoferol (p = 0,04), alterando de 1456,6 ? 1095,8 ?g/dL para 1804,3 ? 1432,0 ?g/dL (leite 0 e 24 respectivamente) em rela??o aos valores no grupo controle, 984,6 ? 750,0 ?g/dL e 1175,0 ? 730,8 ?g/dL. As parturientes apresentaram diferentes respostas ? suplementa??o, influenciadas pelos n?veis basais de retinol no colostro. Aquelas com n?veis pr?vios baixos de retinol no colostro (< 60 ?g/dL) apresentaram aumento na concentra??o de alfa-tocoferol no leite, enquanto que, as que tinham n?veis adequados (> 60 ?g/dL), apresentaram redu??o ap?s a suplementa??o. A suplementa??o com retinol palmitato ? uma medida importante na preven??o da defici?ncia de vitamina A, por?m somente quando considerada a real necessidade de suplementa??o materna, visto que o excesso de vitamina pode propiciar intera??es desfavor?veis entre nutrientes essenciais para o grupo materno-infantil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianeTML.pdf: 2113007 bytes, checksum: bca6e876ace0dbfe30a0861199114512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Polymers of mushroom cellular wall are recognized for presenting a lot of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumoral action. Polysaccharides from mushrooms of different molecular mass obtained mushrooms can activate leucocytes, stimulate fagocitic, citotoxic and antimicrobial activity including oxygen reactive species production. In this study were investigated chemical characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory action in an acute inflammation model of the polysaccharides extracted from Tylopilus ballouii. Results showed that were mainly extracted polysaccharides and that it primarily consisted of mannose and galactose with variable amounts of xylose and fucose. Infrared analysis showed a possible interation between this polysaccharides and proteins. In addition, molecular mass was about 140KDa. Antioxidant activity was tested by superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation assay. For superoxide and hydroxyl radical generation inhibition, polysaccharides have an IC50 of 2.36 and 0.36 mg/mL, respectively. Lipid peroxidation assay results showed that polysaccharides from Tylopilus ballouii present an IC50 of 3.42 mg/mL. Futhermore, anti-inflammatory assay showed that polysaccharides cause an paw edema decreasing in 32.8, 42 and 56% in 30, 50 and 70 mg/Kg dose, respectively. Thus, these results can indicate a possible use for these polysaccharides from Tylopilus ballouii as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. / Pol?meros da parede celular de fungos s?o conhecidos por possu?rem muitas atividades biol?gicas como suas a??es antiinflamat?rias, antioxidante e antitumoral. Polissacar?deos de diferentes pesos moleculares obtidos de cogumelos podem ativar os leuc?citos, estimular a atividade fagoc?tica, citot?xica e antimicrobiana, incluindo a produ??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio. No presente estudo, foi investigada a caracter?stica qu?mica dos polissacar?deos extra?dos de Tylopilus ballouii sua atividade antioxidante in vitro e a sua atividade antiinflamat?ria no modelo de inflama??o aguda. Os resultados mostraram que foram extra?dos predominantemente polissacar?deos e esses consistiram primariamente de manose e galactose e possui quantidades vari?veis de xilose e fucose. As an?lises de infravermelho mostraram a poss?vel intera??o entre estes polissacar?deos e prote?nas. Al?m disso, seu peso molecular ? de cerca de 140 kDa. A atividade antioxidante foi testada com rela??o ao seq?estro sobre os radicais super?xido e hidroxila, atividade antioxidante total e peroxida??o lip?dica. Com rela??o ? inibi??o da forma??o dos radicais super?xido e hidroxila, os polissacar?deos atingiram um IC50 de 1,64 e 1,25 mg/ml, respectivamente. Os resultados do ensaio de peroxida??o lip?dica mostraram que os polissacar?deos de Tylopilus ballouii apresentam um IC50 de 1,65 mg/ml. Al?m disso, a atividade antiinflamat?ria mostrou que eles agem reduzindo o edema em 32,8, 42 e 56% nas doses de 30, 50 e 70 mg/kg, respectivamente. Assim, estes resultados podem indicar o poss?vel uso dos polissacar?deos de Tylopilus ballouii como antiinflamat?rio e antioxidante.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CelinaMPGD.pdf: 1314503 bytes, checksum: 36d544c2b00794858e90a0efed0d11ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Fungal polysaccharides have received a great deal of attention due to itsbecause of their potential use in a wide rangegreat variety fromof industries. Some studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides extracted offrom basidiomycetes they have presented significant properties as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumoral properties. In spite of thisDespite these potential properties, these mushrooms have not been insufficiently investigated, and the great number of antibiotics number produced forby these organisms suggests that they canmay be a new source of bioactives composites source. In tThe present work, reports onlated the chemical composition, potential antioxidant, antiinflammatory and citotoxycity of extracted polymers extracted offrom the fruits bodies of the fungiius Geastrum saccatum and Polyporus dermoporus, native mushrooms of the Atlantic forest inof the state of the Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The Cchemical analyses had revealed ademonstrated text of total sugar rates of 65% and 49%, and proteins of 7.0% for in extracts of G. saccatum and P. dermoporus extracts, respectively. The analyses ofNMR spectroscopy of RMN had demonstrated that these extracts are composites forof a complex involving &#946;- glucans and- proteins complex. The inhibition of the formation of superoxide radicals formation was of 88.4% in G. saccatum and 83.3% in P. dermoporus, and 75 and 100% for inhibition of hydroxyls radicals inhibition. TopicalThe topic application of extracts the 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg extract in BALBc mice with cutaneous inflammation induced byfor croton oil demonstrated to inhibitedion of ear edema of ear and cells polimorfonuclears cells atin the inflamed siteplace, being this reply more effective in lower concentrations being more effective. The evaluation of the glucans of G. saccatum and P. dermoporus glucans under induced pleurisy for carrageenan-induced pleurisya of showed the antiinflammatory action of these composites., being analyzed tThe frame number in the pleural exudates and thedosage of nitric oxide dosage was also analyzed. The cytotoxic action of these polymers was analyzed throughthrough the mitochondrial function (MTT). The incubation of the glucans with mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood demonstrated that the extracted glucans extracted fromof G. saccatum havepossess a moderate cytotoxic action. These results suggest that these mushrooms possess polymers formed byfor a complex glucana-protein complex, with antiinflammatory and antioxidant actions / Polissacar?deos de fungos t?m recebido grande aten??o devido ao seu uso potencial numa grande variedade de ind?strias. V?rios estudos t?m demonstrado que polissacar?deos extra?dos de basidiomicetos t?m apresentado propriedades significantes como anti-inflamat?rio, antimicrobial , antioxidante e anti-tumoral. Apesar dessas propriedades potenciais, esses cogumelos t?m sido insuficientemente investigados, e o grande n?mero de antibi?ticos produzidos por esses organismos sugere que eles podem ser uma fonte de novos compostos bioativos. No presente trabalho, relatamos a composi??o qu?mica, potencial antioxidante, antiinflamat?rio e citotoxico de pol?meros extra?dos dos corpos de frutifica??o dos fungos Geastrum saccatum e Polyporus dermoporus, cogumelos nativos da mata atl?ntica do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. As an?lises qu?micas demonstraram teor de a??cares totais de 65% e 49%, prote?nas a 7,0% nos extratos de G. saccatum e P. dermoporus, respectivamente. As an?lises de espectroscopia de RMN demonstraram que esses extratos s?o compostos por um complexo envolvendo b - glucanas e por??es prot?icas. A inibi??o da forma??o de radicais super?xido foi de 88,4% G. saccatum e 83,3% em P. dermoporus, e 75 e 100% para inibi??o de radicais hidroxilas. A aplica??o dos extratos a 10, 30 e 50 mg/kg em camundongos BALBc com inflama??o cut?nea induzida por ?leo de cr?ton demonstrou inibi??o de edema de orelha e de c?lulas polimorfonucleares no local inflamado, sendo esta resposta mais efetiva em concentra??es mais baixas. A avalia??o das glucanas de G. saccatum e P. dermoporus sob pleurisia induzida por carragenana de montrou a??o antiinflamat?ria desses compostos, sendo analisado o n?mero de c?lulas no exudato pleural e dosagem de ?xido n?trico. A a??o citot?xica desses pol?meros foi analisada atrav?s da fun??o mitocondrial (MTT). A incuba??o das glucanas com c?lulas mononucleares do sangue perif?rico demonstrou que as glucanas extra?das de G. saccatum possuem um a??o citot?xica moderada. Estes resultados sugerem que esses cogumelos possuem pol?meros formados por um complexo glucana-prote?na, ativos como antiinflamat?rio e antioxidante