Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-09T20:17:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ludemilamartinsdesouza.pdf: 1476036 bytes, checksum: 13c93142a0ac36c1cce3f43d89f846ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-10-10T12:20:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ludemilamartinsdesouza.pdf: 1476036 bytes, checksum: 13c93142a0ac36c1cce3f43d89f846ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T12:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ludemilamartinsdesouza.pdf: 1476036 bytes, checksum: 13c93142a0ac36c1cce3f43d89f846ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 / Dados sobre a ecologia alimentar de duas aves de sub-bosque foram coletados na Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço D’anta, Juiz de Fora – MG, sudeste do Brasil. Conopophaga lineata e Conopophaga melanops são encontradas ocorrendo em simpátria em algumas localidades da Região Sudeste. Estudos com espécies aparentadas e simpátricas podem ser úteis no sentido de avaliar a influência do nicho sobre co ocorrência e co-existência. Durante as amostragens utilizando redes ornitológicas obtivemos 29 capturas de 25 indivíduos de C. lineata, e 28 capturas de 21 indivíduos de C. melanops. Na triagem das amostras fecais de C. lineata e C. melanops foram encontrados, respectivamente, 310 e 276 itens. C. lineata consumiu predominantemente Formicidae (53,5%), Coleoptera (6,8%). Entretanto, o índice alimentar (IA) de Coleoptera (7,47) ficou abaixo de outros grupos como Formicidae (68,2) e Araneae (8,80). C. melanops consumiu altas proporções de Formicidae (23,2%), Coloptera (12,3%), Orthoptera (11,6%) e Isoptera (11,2%), embora em termos de IA o predomínio tenha sido de Formicidae (24,66) e Coleoptera (20,14). A sobreposição de nicho entre as espécies foi maior que o esperado (observado = 0.723). Apesar das diferenças nas proporções dos tipos de artrópodes consumidos não foram suficientes para revelar separação de seus nichos alimentares. Embora se encontrem na literatura que C. lineata seleciona tanto tipo de presas quanto artrópodes maiores que 5 mm em proporções acima do esperado pelo acaso, assim como foi observado para C. melanops predação preferencial sobre alguns táxons. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que, em alguns casos, os padrões ecológicos das respostas das aves aos recursos encontrados no ambiente podem ser diferentes daqueles encontrados em outras regiões. / Data on the food ecology of two understory birds were collected at the Municipal Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço D’anta, Juiz de Fora – MG, Southeastern Brazil. Conopophaga lineata and Conopophaga melanops are found occurring in sympatry in some localities of the Southeast Region. Studies with related and sympatric species may be useful in assessing the influence of the niche on co-occurrence and co-existence. During the samplings using ontological networks were carried out 29 catches of 25 individuals of C. lineata, and 28 catches of 21 individuals of C. melanops. In the sorting of the fecal samples of C. lineata and C. melanops were found, respectively, 310 and 276 items. C. lineata consumed predominantly Formicidae (53.5%), Coleoptera (6.8%). However, Coleoptera dietary index (AI) (7.47) was below other groups such as Formicidae (68.2) and Araneae (8.80). C. melanops consumed high proportions of Formicidae (23.2%), Coloptera (12.3%), Orthoptera (11.6%) and Isoptera (11.2%), although in terms of AI the predominance was Formicidae (24.66) and Coleoptera (20.14). The niche overlap between species was higher than expected (observed = 0.723). Although differences in the proportions of the types of arthropods consumed were not sufficient to reveal separation of their food niches. Although it is found in the literature that C. lineata selects both prey and arthropod species larger than 5 mm in proportions above that expected by chance, just as it was observed for C. melanops preferential predation on some taxa. The results show that, in some cases, the ecological patterns of bird responses to the resources found in the environment may be different from those found in other regions.

Orientador: José Roberto Rus Perez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monfredini_MariaIsabel_D.pdf: 1785874 bytes, checksum: 88b4c75f3f57fe0096b72bbdfcdfb97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este estudo exploratório se caracteriza por uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com o objetivo geral de compreender o desenho da política de proteção integral ancorado na intersetorialidade do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, para identificar as inter-relações com o campo da educação no Brasil. Insere-se na análise de políticas públicas, sendo o caminho metodológico pautado na caracterização da proteção integral e do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, por estar estruturado com uma dimensão pedagógica especial, que requer ações intersetoriais e articuladas. A interlocução analítica tem como principal referência o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente que, após vinte e três anos de promulgação, continua tendo uma leitura fragmentada, contribuindo para o distanciamento da visão de totalidade em que vivem e estão imersos crianças e adolescentes. Um pressuposto tem na questão da intersetorialidade e da articulação a vertente estruturante para que os improvisos sejam evitados e as intervenções se consolidem efetivamente com a instituição de protocolos interinstitucionais. Apontamos a articulação concentrada de todos os atores/operadores do Sistema de Garantia, como alternativa para consolidar uma prática organizada, estruturada e totalizante, visando superar a situação que está a demandar respostas efetivas, com propostas que rompam ou modifiquem a situação de ameaça ou de violação de direitos. Para tanto, encurtar a distância entre os marcos legais, normativos e regulatórios e a operacionalização da política de atendimento, transversal e intersetorial, é condição necessária e que vem rebater nos dilemas e problemas das políticas sociais setoriais. Apreender como a educação se insere e participa deste processo, fundamentou o nosso objeto de estudo, considerando a escola como um espaço de cuidado, onde se processam as relações para a manutenção do direito à educação. A complexidade sinaliza que consensos teóricos e operacionais, permanecem postos como desafios, assim como a construção intersetorial de diálogos e acordos na operacionalização da proteção integral e dos direitos, nos arranjos institucionais e nas práticas decorrentes, para a estruturação da gestão da infância e da adolescência. Correlacionado está também à necessidade profissional, pois estar inserido neste Sistema não equivale dizer que se tem a necessária clareza de sua amplitude e complexidade. É preciso qualificar o conhecimento para desenhar e cimentar as especificidades territoriais. Vários direitos encontram expressão e se entrecruzam com o campo da educação, mas, especificamente, tomamos como parâmetro o direito à convivência familiar, que permite entender o quanto a escola pode ser um local que contribui para romper as discriminações em torno da criança e do adolescente acolhido institucionalmente. Para demonstrar uma alternativa de prática intersetorial, priorizamos considerações mais gerais sobre as audiências concentradas, ocorridas no âmbito da justiça da infância e da juventude. / Abstract: This exploratory study is characterized by a bibliographic research, with the overall goal of understanding the structure of the full protection policy anchored in the intersectoriality of the System and the Guarantee of the Rights of the Child and Adolescent to identify the interrelationships with the field of education in Brazil. It is part in a public policy analysis, being the methodological process based in the characterization of integral protection and of the System and the Guarantee of Rights from an interdisciplinary perspective, to be structured with a special pedagogical dimension that requires intersectoral action and articulated. The analytic dialogue has as main reference the Statute of Children and Adolescents that after twenty-three years of enactment, still has a fragmented understanding, contributing to the detachment of the total reality that live and are immersed the children and adolescents. There is an assumption in the issue of intersectoriality, and articulation the structuring axis for the improvisations be avoided and interventions be consolidated efficiently with the establishment of interinstitutional protocols. The articulation concentrated of all the actors / operators of the System the Guarantee is pointed as an alternative to consolidate a practice organized, structured and totalizing, aiming to overcome the situation that is to demand effective responses, with proposals that break or modify the threat situation or violation of the rights. Therefore, shorten the gap among the legal frameworks, normative and the regulatory and the practice of attendance policy, intersectoral and transversal it is necessary and that comes rebut in the dilemmas and problems of sector social policies. Grasping as the education is part of and takes part in this process, it was the object of study, considering the school as an area of care where happens the processing of relationships for the maintenance of the right to education. The complexity indicates that theoretical consensuses and operational, remain as challenges, as well as the intersectoral construction of dialogues and agreements in the operations of full protection and of the rights, in the institutional arrangements and in the practices arising to the structure of management of childhood and adolescence. Correlated is also the professional necessity because to be inserted in this system is not equivalent to saying that it has the necessary clarity of scale and complexity. It is needed qualify the knowledge to draw and cement the specifications territorial. Various rights find expressions and intercross with the field of education, but, specifically, we take as a parameter the right to family coexistence, that allows to understand how the school may be a place that contributes to break the discrimination around the child and adolescent institutionally accepted. To demonstrate an alternative of practical intersectoral it was prioritized more general considerations about the hearings concentrated, that occurring in the context of justice of children and youth. / Doutorado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Doutora em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:47:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Dilli Goncalves_Dissertacao.pdf: 1113767 bytes, checksum: 2ce170c23934534d9f7dd66c7a6f3d9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / This dissertation constitutes a study focused on the construction and reconstruction of principles of coexistence by the students of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense, Charqueadas Campus. The main objective of the investigation is to unveil the meaning of this collective construction process for learners. It is a qualitative study, which aims to interpret the reports given by the learners, relating their narrations to the theoretical support and the investigation problem as well. The data have been produced via a semi-structured interview, observing not only their answers, but also the students body language and behavior, conducting the data analysis based on the theoretical references of the humanizing education and collective work, taking into account, fundamentally, Paulo Freire s considerations. The investigation verified to what extent the collective work motivated the development of new relationships among them, besides confirming that the students involvement in the construction of the principles contributed to a new attitude towards disciplinary issues. This study seeks to contribute with the discussions on elaboration processes based on collective work with students. The findings point out the strengthening of the affective relations, the value given to collective work, the importance of the dialogue and of listening to others. / Esta dissertação constitui uma pesquisa cujo foco é a elaboração e reelaboração dos princípios de convivência pelos educandos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense, Campus Charqueadas. O objetivo principal da investigação é desvelar o significado desse processo de construção coletiva para os educandos. É um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que pretende interpretar os depoimentos dados pelos aprendizes, relacionando-os com o aparato teórico e o problema de investigação. Os dados foram produzidos através de uma entrevista semiestruturada, observando-se não só as respostas dadas aos questionamentos pelos educandos, mas também gestos e comportamentos dos sujeitos envolvidos com o estudo, realizando-se então, a análise dos resultados da pesquisa com base nos referenciais teóricos da educação humanizadora e do trabalho coletivo, centrada em Paulo Freire. A investigação verificou em que medida esse trabalho conjunto estimulou o desenvolvimento de novas relações entre eles, além de corroborar que o envolvimento dos estudantes na construção dos princípios contribuiu para uma nova atitude frente às questões disciplinares. Este estudo busca contribuir com as discussões sobre os processos de elaborações baseadas no trabalho coletivo com os educandos. Os achados apontam para o fortalecimento das relações afetivas, a valorização do trabalho coletivo, a importância do diálogo e de ouvir o outro.

Abstract Animals live in a heterogeneous world where threats and abundance and quality of resources vary across space and time. Heterogeneity induces uncertainty in decisions that animals must make, e.g., where to breed. Adaptive decisions may be facilitated by personally collecting information on the quality of the environment and by observing the behaviour and success of other individuals. Such social information use is common in nature. I investigate information use in relation to ecological threats (brood parasites, nest predators) and long-term information use in breeding site choice in the wild. Moreover, I examine the genetic basis of social cue use in breeding site choice. I demonstrated experimentally that open-nesting hosts of a brood parasite, the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), can cue on cuckoo vocalizations to estimate cuckoo abundance and avoid breeding sites with high perceived parasitism risk. Another experiment showed that pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) derive predation risk information from the fates of heterospecific nests, can associate the information with a nest site characteristic and generalize the association to own nest site choice. However, apparently only young females that made their choice quickly used the information in nest site choice. Pied flycatchers were further observed to collect habitat quality information based on the old nest contents during the post-breeding period. Use of the information in breeding site choice in the following spring varied between sex and age groups as well as geographically. Some birds integrated the post-breeding period information with the information available during settlement suggesting sequential social information use. Finally, quantitative genetic analyses revealed low additive genetic variances and genetic heritabilities of social cue use in breeding site choice in a collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) population. These results demonstrate new aspects of informed habitat choice in wild animals which have important implications for species coexistence and community ecology, parasite-host coevolution, between-species niche dynamics and evolution. Between-individual variation in information use is highlighted throughout the thesis and warrants further research. The evolutionary potential of information use appears low, but more studies in other populations and species are needed. / Tiivistelmä Eläimet elävät ympäristössä, jossa resurssit ja uhat vaihtelevat ajallisesti ja alueellisesti. Tämä vaihtelu aiheuttaa epävarmuutta eläinten päätöksentekoon, kuten pesimäpaikan valintaan. Hyödyllisten päätösten tekoa voi edesauttaa keräämällä tietoa ympäristön laadusta itsenäisesti tai seuraamalla muiden yksilöiden käytöstä ja menestystä. Tällainen sosiaalisen informaation käyttö on yleistä eläinkunnassa. Tutkin informaation käyttöä ekologisten uhkien (pesäloiset, -pedot) suhteen ja pitkäaikaista informaation käyttöä pesimäpaikan valinnassa luonnonpopulaatioissa. Lisäksi selvitän pesimäpaikan valintaan liittyvän informaation käyton geneettistä periytyvyyttä. Selvitin kokeellisesti, että pesäloisen, käen (Cuculus canorus), isäntälajit voivat käyttää käkien ääntelyä vihjeenä alueellisesta loisintauhasta ja siten välttää korkean uhan alueita pesimäpaikan valinnassa. Toisessa kokeessa havaittiin kirjosieppojen (Ficedula hypoleuca) keräävän tietoa pesäpetouhasta toisen lajin pesätuhojen kautta, kykenevän yhdistämään tiedon erilliseen pesäpaikan ominaisuuteen ja käyttämään tätä assosiaatiota omassa pesäpaikan valinnassa. Kuitenkin vain nuoret naaraat, jotka tekivät valintansa nopeasti, käyttivät kyseistä informaatiota valinnassaan. Lisäksi havaitsin kirjosieppojen keräävän tietoa ympäristön laadusta pesinnän jälkeen vanhojen pesäsisältöjen avulla. Kyseisen tiedon käyttö pesimäpaikan valinnassa seuraavana keväänä vaihteli lintujen sukupuolen ja iän suhteen, kuin myös alueellisesti. Osa linnuista yhdisti pesimäpaikan valinnassaan aikaisempaa, pesinnän jälkeen kerättyä tietoa ja keväällä saatavilla olevaa sosiaalista informaatiota. Geneettinen analyysi viittasi pesimäpaikan valintaan liittyvän informaation käytön alhaiseen additiivisen geneettisen varianssin määrään ja siten alhaiseen geneettiseen periytyvyyteen sepelsiepolla (Ficedula albicollis). Väitöskirjani tulokset kuvaavat uudenlaisia informaation käytön muotoja eläinten pesimäpaikan valinnassa. Havainnot auttavat ymmärtämään pesälois-isäntä rinnakkaisevoluutiota, lajien välisiä vuorovaikutuksia, lajiyhteisöjen toimintaa ja evoluutiota. Yksilöiden välinen vaihtelu informaation käytössä näyttää olevan yleistä, ja lisätutkimuksen tarpeessa. Informaation käytön evolutiivinen potentiaali näyttää rajalliselta, mutta lisätutkimukset eri populaatioilla ja lajeilla ovat tarpeen.

[pt] A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) para o atendimento às mulheres usuárias de drogas da maternidade de um hospital universitário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Como pontos específicos do estudo, discutiu-se a política de drogas vigente no município, além do mapeamento dos equipamentos disponíveis, no âmbito da saúde, na rede no território do hospital buscando contribuir para subsidiar políticas e serviços voltados para esse grupo na perspectiva da convivência familiar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória sobre esse tema bastante atual, porém, ainda pouco estudado. Como recursos metodológicos, foi realizada uma análise crítica da literatura acadêmica, das legislações e das políticas a respeito do assunto, além da participação em oficinas de debates e seminários, o que muito contribuiu para as reflexões. O estudo permitiu constatar que a rede ainda não possui serviços específicos voltados para o atendimento às puérperas usuárias de drogas, os dispositivos atuam de forma isolada e incipiente com equipamentos precarizados e contam com a presença de um número reduzido de profissionais. / [en] The research aims to Analyze the Psychosocial Care Network that serve pregnant women who are drug users at a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Some specific issues were discussed, such as: the current drug policy in the city and the mapping of services available within the health care network in the hospital territory aiming at contributing to support policies and services for this group in view of family life. An exploratory study was carried out focusing on this very current topic, though still under explored. As methodological resources, a critical analysis of academic literature, legislation and policy on the matter was carried out, as well as participation of the researcher in workshops debates and seminars, which greatly contributed to the current analysis. Results pointed out that the network does not have any specific service for mothers who are drug users, services operate in isolated and precarious ways and rely on a small number of professionals.

A partir de l'étude des interactions quotidiennes entre Katangais et Kasaïens, après les violences de masse perpétrées contre les Kasaïens « non originaires» au début des années 1990, la thèse montre que les Katangais et les Kasaïens mettent en œuvre, dans le cadre de leurs interactions en face-à-face (Goffman), des pratiques de coexistence fondées sur l'évitement, le silence et les non-dits. Le silence sur les violences passées et l'évitement des sujets politiques interprétables en fonction du conflit entre les deux communautés constituent en fait une norme interactionnelle de coexistence pacifique, à rebours de l'injonction au dialogue et à la compréhension mutuelle, qui est au cœur des pratiques des ONG de pacification « par le bas». La thèse montre également que dans certains contextes politiques ou socio-économiques macros constituant des situations de crise (Dobry ; Vidal), se produit un phénomène de polarisation des identités collectives : les Katangais et les Kasaïens ne sont alors plus perçus que par rapport à leur origine ethno-régionale. L'anticipation du déroulement des situations d'interaction devient plus difficile, du fait de I' « incertitude structurelle» qui caractérise ces situations de crise; et les pratiques routinisées de coexistence fondées sur l'autocensure et l'évitement tendent à diminuer. A partir de ces conclusions, la thèse interroge les injonctions morales à la réconciliation et au dialogue, qui sont à l'œuvre dans les théories et pratiques de pacification «par le bas», et la possibilité même d'une réconciliation «par le bas», diffusant de proche en proche une « culture de la paix » qui finirait par imprégner toute une société. / Based on the study of daily interactions between Katangese and Kasaians, in the aftermath of the mass violence committed against the non-native Kasaians in the early 1990s, the dissertation shows that in their face-to-face interactions (Goffman), Katangese and Kasaians used practices of coexistence based on avoidance, silence, and self-censorship. Silence on the past violence and on political topics that can be interpreted with regard to the conflict between the two communities has indeed became an interactional norm of peaceful coexistence, unlike the injunction of NGOs specialized in the 'bottom-up' pacification to set up a dialogue that is deemed to foster a mutual understanding. The dissertation also shows that specific political or socio-economic contexts lead to 'crisis situations' (Dobry; Vidal). These crisis situations result in the polarization of collective identities: Katangese and Kasaians are viewed only by their ethno-regional origins. The expectations about interaction situations are made more difficult, because of the “structural uncertainty” that characterizes 'crisis situations'; and the routine practices of coexistence based on self-censorship and avoidance tend to disappear. From these findings, the dissertation questions the moral injunctions in favor of reconciliation and dialogue, which are at the heart of the theories and practices of 'bottom-up' pacification, and even the eventuality of a “bottom-up” reconciliation spreading step by step a 'culture of peace', which would eventually permeate society as a whole.

[pt] A presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar as repercussões da parentalidade tardia na vida dos filhos, sob a perspectiva dos mesmos, estudando sua infância, adolescência e vida adulta. Está sendo apresentada em formato de dois artigos; no primeiro são discutidos os resultados referentes à infância e à adolescência, e, no segundo, aqueles relacionados à idade adulta. Participaram seis sujeitos, entre 25 e 29 anos, sendo dois casados e quatro solteiros, sem filhos, que nasceram quando ao menos um de seus pais tinha mais de 40 anos. Para a avaliação das entrevistas, foi utilizado método de análise de conteúdo, proposto por Bardin (2011), na sua vertente categorial. Do material obtido, emergiram as categorias: convivência familiar; desencontros geracionais; liberdade e autonomia; conflitos; saída de casa; preocupações filiais e expectativas parentais; planejamento de futuro. Constatou-se que, os filhos tardios valorizam a história de vida dos pais mais velhos, porém reconhecem que a diferença geracional pode se traduzir em conflitos e em uma relação de mais respeito e distância afetiva, em dificuldade de compreensão cultural e em práticas educativas distintas da tendência atual. A metade dos entrevistados afirma ter tido na infância e adolescência maior convivência com o grupo familiar do que com amigos de sua idade e percebia-se como muito maduro em relação a seus pares. O envolvimento nos litígios conjugais dos pais também se fez presente em mais da metade dos relatos. Todos os participantes relataram dificuldade na saída da casa dos pais, seja por parte deles ou de seus progenitores. As preocupações dos filhos tardios configuram-se em torno da saúde e solidão dos pais, e o relacionamento e a felicidade dos mesmos. Nos planejamentos futuros, há a marca de um adiamento quanto a possíveis afastamentos; aparece o desejo de formar família e de ter mais de um filho; e a vontade de que os pais participem de rituais de passagem como o casamento e convivam com os futuros netos. / [en] The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the repercussions of late parenting on the children s lives, from their perspective, studying their childhood, adolescence and adult life. It is being presented in two articles format; the first one discusses the results referring to childhood and adolescence, and the second those related to adulthood. Six subjects, between 25 and 29 years old, two of them married and four unmarried, who were born when at least one of their parents was over 40 years old. To evaluate the interviews, it was used the method of content analysis, proposed by Bardin (2011), in its categorical aspect. From the material obtained, the categories emerged: family living; generational mismatches; freedom and autonomy; conflicts; leaving home; filial concerns and parental expectations; future planning. It was found that late children value the life history of older parents, but recognize that the generational difference can be translated into conflicts and a relationship of more respect and affective distance, difficulty in cultural understanding and in different educational practices of the current trend. Half of the interviewees affirm that they had, on their childhood and adolescence, more time with the family group than with friends their age, and perceived themselves as very mature in relation to their peers. Involvement in marital disputes of their parents was also present in more than half of the stories. All participants reported difficulty in leaving their parents home, either by themselves or their parents. The preoccupations of the later children are based around the health and loneliness of the parents, and the relationship and the happiness of the same. In future planning, there is the mark of a postponement regarding possible departures; the desire to form a family and to have more than one child appears; and the willingness of parents to participate in rituals of passage such as marriage and cohabit with future grandchildren.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-03-12T00:12:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - C?ssia Alves de S?.pdf: 408040 bytes, checksum: a24d9c29b600bca2f7903bdca077b81c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-12T00:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - C?ssia Alves de S?.pdf: 408040 bytes, checksum: a24d9c29b600bca2f7903bdca077b81c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The daily activity pattern of social wasps can be influenced by different mechanisms such as environmental restrictions or interspecific interactions. However, the importance of interspecific interactions on the determination of the daily activity patterns may decrease on habitats with high environmental complexity. In this sense, we evaluated two hypotheses in order to understand what factors affect the daily activity patterns of social wasps: 1) The abundance overlap of different species during the day is lower when environmental complexity is greater, and 2) Thermal restrictions may constrain wasp activity. We counted the abundance of several wasp species foraging throughout the day on extrafloral nectaries in two plantations of caupi bean: on esurrounded by a pasture matrix (low structural complexity) and the other surrounded by fruit trees (high structural complexity). Afterwards, we evaluated the abundance overlap during the day, the abundance variations per hour and the preferential time of start and end of day activity. Temporal overlapping between species during the day was high for both plantations. The majority of species had a bimodal abundance pattern, with one abundance peak during the morning and the other during the afternoon. Species of major size started their activity during later hours, while species of minor size were active on every hour. These results indicate two scenarios: first, competition seems to below in these communities and second, temperature seems to be particularly restrictive for the activity of species of greater size. / A coleta de recursos gluc?dios pelas vespas sociais ao longo do dia pode variar como resposta a diferentes mecanismos, podendo responder a restri??es ambientais ou a intera??es interespec?ficas. Por?m, a import?ncia relativa das intera??es interespec?ficas pode ser reduzida em sistemas com maior complexidade ambiental. Para compreender esse efeito, avaliamos as seguintes hip?teses: 1) A sobreposi??o nos hor?rios de forrageamento das esp?cies de vespas sociais ao longo do dia ? menor quando a complexidade ambiental ? maior e 2) o padr?o de atividade di?rio das vespas ao longo do dia ? determinado por restri??es ambientais. Para isso, quantificamos a abund?ncia de diferentes esp?cies de vespas sociais forrageando em nect?rios extraflorais em duas planta??es de do feij?o caupi: uma circundada por matriz de pasto (baixa complexidade estrutural) e outra por frut?feras (alta complexidade estrutural). Iniciamos as observa??es e coletas ao longo do dia, depois que os NEFs do feij?o estavam ativos, e avaliamos o padr?o de sobreposi??o temporal de abund?ncia, o padr?o de abund?ncia em cada hor?rio, bem como a rela??o entre o hor?rio de in?cio e fim de atividade e o tamanho de cada esp?cie. A sobreposi??o temporal foi alta para as duas ?reas. O padr?o de abund?ncia foi bimodal ao longo do dia. As esp?cies de maior tamanho entraram em atividade em hor?rios mais tardios enquanto as esp?cies de pequeno tamanho n?o apresentaram um padr?o de inicio e fim de atividade. Esses resultados indicam que a competi??o entre esp?cies de vespas sociais ? baixa, permitindo a alta sobreposi??o do hor?rio de atividade nas duas ?reas. J? a temperatura parece restringir o hor?rio de atividade para vespas de grande porte.

Les traditions culturelles et l’histoire commune des états membres de l’UEMOA ont été des facteurs clé de leur rapprochement dans divers domaines. En effet, la monnaie commune de ces différents pays a permis d’instaurer les fondements d’un droit commun des investissements, et une zone de coopération fondée sur une profonde solidarité . Ceci devait se faire, à travers la reconnaissance de la liberté de circulation des capitaux dans le traité du 12 mai 1962 instituant l’UMOA qu’ils s’étaient engagés à transformer en Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine . Au fil du temps, le développement du droit communautaire en Afrique de l’Ouest a évolué et couvert un large champ qui s’étend désormais aux investissements . Les enjeux du Droit International des Investissements, en raison des exigences de la mondialisation des économies, ont contraint les États de l’espace UEMOA, importateurs de capitaux, à faire converger leur réglementation des investissements afin de favoriser leur attractivité et d’en tirer le meilleur parti . La difficulté d’un tel objectif réside d’une part, dans la nécessité d’arriver à̀ concilier leurs intérêts avec ceux des investisseurs ; qui ne sont pas toujours convergents et d’autre part, soulèvent certaines questions concernant le choix des juridictions compétentes et du droit applicable aux conventions d’investissements. L’Union n’a pas dérogé aux standards internationaux de protection des investissements qui existent pour les garanties procédurales . Elle a reconnu la pertinence de l’arbitrage comme principal mode de règlement des différends tout en réaffirmant le principe de la compétence des juridictions nationales et communautaires. Dès lors, pour débattre « de la cohabitation des juridictions encadrant la résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux dans l’UEMOA » thème de l’étude que nous avons menée, nous avons suivi la démarche ci-après : Au Chapitre I, nous avons présenté l’UEMOA dans toute sa composante. Dans le Chapitre II, nous avons présenté les différents investissements au sein de l’UEMOA. Quant au Chapitre III, il a porté des éclairages sur l’arbitrage au sein de l’UEMOA, l’un des principaux modes de résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux et traite de certaines sentences arbitrales sur des cas de conflits entre États membres de l’Union et des investisseurs. Par ailleurs, le chapitre IV propose quelques analyses critiques sur la gestion des conflits. Enfin, le Chapitre V, fait état de nos analyses critiques et recommandations à l’effet d’apporter notre contribution pour l’amélioration de cette pratique importante et délicate pour l’Union. / The cultural traditions and the common history of the UEMOA member states have been key factors in bringing them together in various fields. Indeed, the common currency of these different countries has made it possible to establish the foundations of a common investment law, and an area of cooperation based on deep solidarity. This was to be done, through the recognition of the freedom of movement of capital in the treaty of May 12, 1962 establishing the UEMOA which they had undertaken to transform into the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Over time, the development of community law in West Africa has evolved and covered a large field which now extends to and covered to investment. The challenges of International Investment Law, due to the requirements of the globalization of economies, have forced the WAEMU States, importers of capital, to converge their investment regulations in order to promote their attractiveness and draw better. The difficulty of such an objective lies, on the one hand, in the need to manage to reconcile their interests with those of investors ; which are not always convergent and on the other hand, raise certain questions concerning the choice of competent courts and the law applicable to investment agreements. The Union has not departed from the international investment protection standards that exist for procedural guarantees. It recognized the relevance of arbitration as a means of settling disputes while reaffirming the principle of the jurisdiction of national and Community courts. Therefore, to debate "the cohabitation of the jurisdictions framing the arbitration of conflicts arising from international investments in the UEMOA" theme of the study that we conducted, we followed the following approach : vi In Chapter I, we presented UEMOA in its entire component. In Chapter II, we presented the various investments within the UEMOA. As for Chapter III, it shed light on arbitration within the UEMOA and deals with certain arbitral awards on cases of conflicts between Member States of the Union and investors. In addition, Chapter IV offers some critical analyzes on conflict management. Finally, Chapter V presents our critical analyzes and recommendations to make our contribution to the improvement of this important and delicate practice for the Union.

Diplomová práca sa zaoberá štúdiom koexistencie, ktorá môže nastať medzi bezdrôtovými komunikačnými systémami LoRa a Wi-Fi v bezlicenčnom ISM pásme 2,4 GHz. V teoretickej časti práce sú stručne popísané fyzické vrstvy obidvoch systémov. Následne sú definované spoločné frekvenčné pásma a koexistenčné scenáre, ktoré môžu vzniknúť medzi uvažovanými systémami v spoločnom rádiofrekvenčnom (RF) pásme. V experimentálnej časti práce je prezentované laboratórne meracie pracovisko, ktoré bolo navrhnuté na meranie rôznych koexistenčných scenárov medzi technológiou LoRa a Wi-Fi. Funkčnosť navrhnutej koncepcie je overená experimentálnym meraním. Výsledky meraní sú detailne komentované a prezentované. Je navrhnutá laboratórna úloha a vzorový protokol pre vzdelávacie účely v Laboratóriu Mobilných a Bezdrôtových komunikácií.