Esta pesquisa analisa o processo de reestruturação do setor siderúrgico mundial e brasileiro após os anos da década de 1990, o mesmo está representado pela internacionalização das empresas do setor, com a formação de grupos multinacionais, via fusões e aquisições, sendo impulsionado pelo processo intenso de privatizações, além da nova divisão internacional do trabalho com o crescimento da produção de aço dos países subdesenvolvidos, principalmente os asiáticos. Nesse sentido, buscamos analisar o comportamento da siderurgia nacional e, especialmente o da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) nessa nova conjuntura mundial, assim como, as suas conseqüências para a sócio-espacial brasileira. Podendo-se observar dois cenários possíveis: A desnacionalização dos ativos internos do setor siderúrgico nacional ou a inserção ativa do país nesse processo mundial de reestruturação. / This research analyzes the process of restructuring of the Worldwide and Brazilian Worldwide and Brazilian industry sector after 90\'s, the same has been represented by the internationalization of companies in the sector, with the formation of multinational groups, via mergers and acquisitions, which have been pushed by the intense process of privatization, in addition to the new international division of labor with the growth of steel production of the developing countries, especially the Asians. Thus, we seek to analyze the behavior of the domestic ironworks industry and especially the National Ironworks Company\'s one (CSN) in this new worldwide conjecture, as well as their consequences to the Brazilian social space. It could be observed two possible scenarios: The denationalization of the domestic assets of the national ironworks sector or the active insertion of the country in this global restructuring process.

The interest for Business Process Management (BPM) is increasing in Sweden. Government agencies such as the Swedish Nation Board of Student Aid (CSN), the Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket) and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan) are implementing BPM into their organizations. Sogeti is an IT-consulting company that has employees that works at CSN with BPM, and one of the tools they use for integration is IBM Integration Designer. Since this technology is new and is gaining popularity, there is a need for increased knowledge about it. This thesis report explores the tool IBM Integration Designer, regarding its different ways to integrate with systems and compares the different options for exposing the integration solu- tions. By researching documentation from IBM, and by learning how to use the tool itself, knowledge could be acquired about IBM Integration Designer. The result was an implementation of the five different export bindings: SCA, HTTP, SOAP over HTTP, Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) and Java Messaging Service (JMS), a comparison of these export bindings and finally a service in IBM Inte- gration Designer that accesses a database and uses an external SMS API to send text messages. The result has been satisfactory to the purpose of this project in giving insight into IBM Integration Designer, one of the popular tools for inte- grating BMP.

Im Rahmen dieser Studienarbeit soll die Bedeutung klassenbasierter Anschlüsse im Chemnitzer Studenten Netz untersucht und Tools bereitgestellt werden, welche eine weitgehend automatisierte Anlage/Verwaltung solcher Netzklassen ermöglichen.

IT-utveckling är ett område präglat av ständig förändring, i form av tekniska medel, innovationer och arbetssätt. Precis som all annan form av produktutveckling varierar det tillvägagångssättet vida mellan organisationer, företag och myndigheter. Inom mjukvaruutveckling har förändringen varit lika snabb som uppkomsten och den har gått från sekventiell traditionella utvecklingsmetoder till flexibla agila. Nu sker det återigen ett nytt skifte till ett mer dynamiskt utvecklingssätt, ämnat att sammanföra och i grunden förändra sättet som teams skapar IT-produkter. I det närmaste en ny filosofi - DevOps. DevOps bygger på principen att utvecklingssidan, “Development”, och drift- och förvaltningssidan, “Operations”, går samman för att skapa ett enhetligt team som är gemensamt ansvariga för hela utvecklings- och förvaltningscykeln. Underlaget som möjliggör detta är en kombination av en stark samarbetskultur, god kommunikation och nyskapande tekniska verktyg. Tillvägagångssätten för att implementera ett sådant brett koncept är många, och implementation av nya arbetssätt är en utmaning för alla organisationer som vågar ligga i framkant. Centrala Studiestödsnämnden, CSN, är en sådan organisation, och en myndighet på väg mot DevOps. Det är inte ett okomplicerat arbete för en myndighet som olikt ett privat företag inte arbetar i vinstsyfte och behöver följa andra lagar och förordningar. Denna studie har genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och en kompletterande litteraturgenomgång utrett hur en organisation kan implementera DevOps och vilka förutsättningar som finns i nuläget. Resultatet pekar på att CSN som organisation har en god utgångspunkt för en lyckad DevOps-miljö, med några nyckelsteg för att fullfölja en fulländad implementation. Dessa inkluderar faktorer som att minska avståndet mellan Development och Operations, möjliggörandet av nödvändiga tekniska verktyg för automatisering, och en förändring i sin utvecklingsstruktur.

Since the introduction of CSN (Centrala studiestödsnämnden/Swedish Board of StudentFinance), the amount of students entering higher education has drastically increased. Along-term investigation has been conducted by the Swedish Financial Department(Finansdepartementet) in order to identify potential ways of improvement of the Swedishstudy aid system. A financial incentive proposition was made to decrease the graduationage, which CSN has rejected on the basis of limited effect, additionally, CSN stated thatreasons for late graduation are unknown.To investigate potential reasons for late graduation a “Potential system misuse”hypothesis was developed which intended to explain the trade-off students have to facewhen starting university studies - early graduation and no savings or late graduation, butsignificant savings for the future life. Further advantages or disadvantages of early or latestart of university studies have been analysed.This research was aimed to provide objective and empirical support on the claims madeby the CSN in their response to the government’s investigation into the Swedish studyaid system. The purpose of this research was to examine if a financial incentive wouldprovide significant effect on possible earlier average graduation age and to identify towhat extent are economic reasons for late graduation age unknown. Furthermore, twohypotheses concerning CSN loan taking not as intended (potential system misuse) andamount of savings having an impact on such a misuse have been analysed.The research has considered examples from neighbouring Nordic countries as well as theUnited States in order to consider strengths and weaknesses of each system. Suchcomparison has helped to identify what seems to be working in order countries and whatcould perhaps be adapted in the Swedish system too.A quantitative method of research has been adapted since it seemed the most appropriateand effective in order to gather a significant amount of data from a sample (UmeåUniversity students) to draw conclusions about the general population (students takingCSN study aid in Sweden). A non-probability, convenience sampling procedure has beenadapted, with clear arguments presented why it was deemed to be the most appropriatefor the purpose of this research. A sample of 301 responses allowed significant analysisto be conducted.With this research and a hypothetical scenario created the authors were able to concludethat writing off student loans could have a significant effect on the graduation age,especially since it was favourably seen by older students in the research. The reasons forlate start of university studies have been identified, but not limited to, having strongpositive correlation with taking CSN loan not as intended and value of one’s combinedsavings. Empirical support has indicated that while the majority (53.1%) of students wereusing CSN loan as intended, according to our data approximately half of all studentsmisuse the CSN loan. Furthermore, a significant correlation between high value ofsavings and using CSN not as intended has been found.

Das COP9 Signalosom (CSN) ist ein hoch konservierter Proteinkomplex, der an der Regulation des Ubiquitin (Ub)-26S Proteasomsystems (UPS) beteiligt ist. Das UPS ist die wichtigste Proteolysemaschinerie in eukaryotischen Zellen, bei der Proteine über eine dreistufige Kaskade der Enzyme E1-E3 mit einer Ub-Kette markiert werden, die als Erkennungssignal für den Abbau durch das 26S Proteasom dient. Das CSN gilt als Paralog zum Lid, einem Subkomplex des 26S Proteasoms, und interagiert mit einer Vielzahl von Proteinen, unter anderem mit E3-Ligasen und Kinasen. In dieser Arbeit konnte die direkte Bindung des CSN an das 26S Proteasom gezeigt werden, was zu einem Einfluss auf die Peptidaseaktivität des 26S Proteasoms in vitro führt. In Flag-Pulldown-Experimenten aus B8 Mausfibroblasten, die stabil mit Flag-CSN2 transfiziert waren, wurde ein vollständiger Flag-CSN-Komplex nachgewiesen, der mit dem 26S Proteasom assoziiert vorliegt. Co-Immunpräzipitationen beider Komplexe in vitro wiesen auf eine konzentrationsabhängige Verdrängung des Lid-Subkomplexes durch das CSN hin. Diese Interaktion führte zur Reduktion der proteolytischen Aktivität des 26S Proteasoms. Darüber hinaus wurde eine assoziierte deubiquitinierende Aktivität am CSN entdeckt und als USP15 identifiziert. Die Charakterisierung von USP15 zeigte, dass es durch die am CSN assoziierte Kinase CK2 phosphoryliert und stabilisiert wird. Erstmalig konnte durch Inhibitorstudien mit ortho-Phenanthrolin eine Metallabhängigkeit der Aktivität von USP15 nachgewiesen werden, die zur Identifizierung eines bisher unbekannten Zn-Fingers führte. Mutationsanalysen des Zn-Fingers zeigen, dass dieser für die Bindung und Spaltung von Ub-Ketten, nicht aber von linearen Ub-Konstrukten, notwendig ist. In Zellexperimenten konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass USP15 die E3 Ligase Rbx1 stabilisiert, was vermutlich auf eine Umkehr der Autoubiquitinierung zurückzuführen ist. Das CSN scheint somit sowohl das 26S Proteasom als auch die E3-Ligasen direkt zu beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit stellen eine Vertiefung der Erkenntnisse über das CSN als Regulator des UPS dar. / The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a conserved protein complex that is involved in the regulation of the ubiquitin (Ub)/26S proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is the most important degradation machinery in eukaryotic cells. By the concerted action of three enzymes, E1-E3, proteins are labelled with a Ub-chain that serves as a recognition signal for the degradation by the 26S proteasome. The CSN is homologous to the lid, a subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, and interacts with numerous proteins, including E3 Ub ligases and kinases. In this study a direct interaction of the CSN with the 26S proteasome could be shown which has consequences for the peptidase activity of the 26S proteasome in vitro. In Flag-pull-down experiments from mouse B8 fibroblasts, that permanently expressed Flag-CSN2, an intact Flag-CSN complex was detected that is associated with the 26S proteasome. Co-immunoprecipitation of both complexes in vitro indicated a concentration-dependent replacement of the lid subcomplex by the CSN. This interaction led to a decrease of the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome. Moreover, a deubiquitinating activity associated with the CSN was discovered and identified as USP15. The USP15 was phosphorylated by the CSN-associated kinase CK2 that stabilised the enzyme. For the first time inhibitor studies with ortho-phenanthroline demonstrated a metal-dependency for the activity of USP15 that could be attributed to a formerly unidentified Zn-finger. Mutational analysis of the Zn-finger showed that it is necessary for the binding and cleavage of poly-Ub-chains but not for linear Ub-constructs. Cell culture experiments demonstrated a stabilisation of the E3 ligase Rbx1 by USP15 most likely by reversing its autoubiquitination. Therefore the CSN seems to directly influence the 26S proteasome as well as E3 ligases in their functions. These results expand the present knowledge on the CSN as a regulator of the UPS.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao EDUARDO DE REZENDE PROENCA.pdf: 1091633 bytes, checksum: 6bb6cbf6ac30f895733886cad7f14e60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research investigates the relationship between the determinants of internationalization process of a great Brazilian company and the strategies adopted for its insertion in the external market. The evolution of the internationalization process will be based in a case study in the National Steel Company (CSN). Specialists affirm that a company needs to increase its compromising and insertion in the international market to increase competitiveness. Exhibition into other markets make possible the learning and it presents opportunities and threats to the international company. However, in spite of the advantages of performance in other markets, the Brazilian companies act timidly at other markets. This incipient character provoked us to research the determinants and strategies of international insertion of CSN, a big one in Brazilian company that began internationalization process in the end of the seventies, with their first exports. The observation of the case CSN allows to notice the evolution of the process of internationalization of the company, characterized in two phases. The first, until half of the nineties, marked by the performance in the exterior through Tradings Companies, while second, starting from 1995, begins the compromising of resources into foreign markets. These strategies can be related with the determinants or incentives in the search for other markets. This dissertation discusses incentives as the saturation of the Brazilian internal market, the search of external markets to gain production scale, the compromising of resources in the exterior to overcome the customs barriers and to elevate the knowledge on the operation of the external markets, among other decisive. The objective of this research is to relate them with the strategies of performance in the exterior to show roads and incentives for other companies act in the exterior / Esta pesquisa de mestrado investiga a relação entre os determinantes do processo de internacionalização de uma grande empresa brasileira e as estratégias adotadas para sua inserção no mercado externo. A evolução do processo de internacionalização será observada através de um estudo de caso na Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN). Especialistas afirmam que uma empresa necessita aumentar seu comprometimento e sua inserção no mercado internacional para aumentar sua competitividade. A exposição a outros mercados possibilita o aprendizado e apresenta oportunidades e ameaças à empresa internacional. Entretanto, apesar das vantagens de atuação em outros mercados, as empresas brasileiras atuam timidamente no exterior. Este caráter incipiente nos provocou a pesquisar os determinantes e as estratégias de inserção internacional da CSN, uma grande empresa brasileira que iniciou seu processo de internacionalização nos final dos anos 70, com suas primeiras exportações. A observação do caso CSN permite perceber a evolução do processo de internacionalização da empresa, caracterizado em duas fases. A primeira, até metade da década de 90, marcada pela atuação no exterior através da Tradings Companies, enquanto a segunda, a partir de 1995, inicia o comprometimento de recursos no exterior. Estas estratégias podem ser relacionadas com os determinantes ou motivadores na busca de outros mercados. Esta dissertação discute motivadores como a saturação do mercado interno brasileiro, a busca de mercados externos para ganhar escala de produção, o comprometimento de recursos no exterior para superar as barreiras alfandegárias e elevar o conhecimento sobre o funcionamento dos mercados externos, entre outros determinantes. O objetivo da pesquisa é relacioná-los com as estratégias de atuação no exterior para mostrar caminhos e incentivadores para outras empresas atuarem no exterior

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根據以往探討評價合成型抵押擔保債券之文獻研究，最廣為使用的方法應用大樣本一致性資產組合(large homogeneous portfolio portfolio ; LHP)假設之單因子常態關聯結構模型來評價，但會造成合成型抵押擔保債券憑證與市場報價間的差異過大，且會造成相關性微笑曲線現象。由文獻顯示，單因子關聯結構模型若能加入厚尾度或偏斜性能夠改善以上問題，且對於分券評價時也會有較好的效果，像是Kalemanova et al. (2007) 提出應用LHP假設之單因子Normal Inverse Gaussian(NIG)關聯結構模型以及邱嬿燁(2007)提出NIG及Closed Skew Normal(CSN)複合分配之單因子關聯結構模型(MIX模型)在實證分析中得到極佳的評價結果。自2008年起，合成型抵押擔保債券商品結構開始出現變化，而以往評價合成型抵押擔保債券價格時，商品結構皆為同一種型式。本文將利用常態分配、NIG分配、CSN分配以及NIG與CSN複合分配作為不同的單因子關聯結構模型，藉由絕對誤差極小化方法，針對不同商品結構的合成型抵押擔保債券評價，並進行模型比較分析。由最後實證分析結果顯示，單因子NIG(2)關聯結構模型優於其他模型，也證明NIG分配的第二個參數 β 能夠帶來改善的評價效果，此項證明與過去文獻結論有所不同，但 MIX模型則為唯一一個符合LHP假設的模型。 / Based on the literature of discussing the approach for pricing synthetic CDOs, the most widely used methods used application of Large Homogeneous Portfolio (LHP) assumption of the one factor Gaussian copula model, however , it fails to fit the prices of synthetic CDOs tranches and leads to the implied correlation smile. The literature shows that one factor copula model adding the heavy-tail or skew can improve the above problem, and also has a good effect for pricing tranches such as Kalemanova et al (2007) proposed the application of LHP assumption of one factor NIG copula model and Qiu Yan Ye (2007) proposed the application of LHP assumption of one factor NIG and CSN copula model. This article found that the structure of synthetic CDOs began to change since 2008. The past of pricing synthetic CDOs, the structure of synthetic CDOs are the same type, so this article will use different one factor copula model for pricing different structure of synthetic CDOs by using the absolute error minimization. This article will observe whether the above model can be applied in the new synthetic CDOs and implement of different type model for comparative analysis. The last empirical analysis shows that one factor NIG (2) copula model is superior to other models, more meeting the actual market demand, also proving the second parameter β of the NIG distribution able to bring about improvements in pricing results. This proving is different for the past literature conclusions. However, the MIX model is the only one in line with the LHP assumptions.

The aim of this thesis is to make the design of the collector. The work is divided into two parts. The first part will analyze the individual parts of the collector and its analytical calculation using the EN 12 952, ČSN 69 0010 and ASME I. The second part is focuses on the verification of the analytical calculation using the FEM in ANSYS and explore the most dangerous places. The result is also creating drawings documentations.