Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur medarbetarnas uppfattning av Empowerment förändrats till följd av att helt eller delvis arbeta på distans. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ utgångspunkt med en deduktiv ansats. Studien består av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer som har genomförts med medarbetare på revision- och redovisningsföretag.  Resultat och slutsats: Studiens slutsats visar att kommunikationen och informationsdelningen inom företagen har påverkats av distansarbetet. Dock inte i sådan utsträckning att medarbetarnas uppfattning av Empowerment minskat. Resultatet av studien visar även hur den individuella utvecklingen hos medarbetarna bromsats till följd av distansarbetet och därmed även engagemanget för arbetet. Slutligen konstateras det att kreativitet bör ses som en betydande del av konceptet Empowerment vilket det inte gjorts i tidigare forskning.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit med större förståelse för hur distansarbetet påverkat medarbetarnas uppfattning av Empowerment inom revision- och redovisningsföretag. Studien redogör för viktiga komponenter inom begreppet Empowerment och hur dessa i sin tur har påverkats av att arbetet skett hemifrån. Studien bidrar även med insikten att kreativitet bör ses som en betydande del av Empowerment vilket inte har berörts i särskilt stor utsträckning i tidigare forskning. / Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of working from home on Empowerment in auditing and accounting companies. Method: The study has a qualitative construction with an deductive approach; Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees at auditing and accounting firms. Result and conclusion: The studies conclusion shows that communication and information sharing within the companies has been affected by working from home. But not in the extent that the employees perception of Empowerment has decreased. The result of the studie also shows how the individual development of the employees decreased due to working from home and thereby the engagement for their work. Finally the studie establish that creativity should be seen as a considerable part of the consept Empowerment, which it has not been in previous research. Contribution of the thesis: The studie has contributed with a greater understanding for how working from home has affected the employees perception of Empowerment within auditing and accounting companies. The studie account for important components within the concept Empowerment and how those components has been affected by working from home. The studie also contributes with the insight that creativity should be seen as a great part of Empowerment, which has not been enlighted in a greater extent in previous research.

Using resiliency theory as a lens, this qualitative study explored the educational journey and post-graduation experiences of 5 (2 females and 3 males) undocumented Latino college graduates (ULCGs). All participants completed a college degree from a U.S. four-year institution located in a state with an active in-state resident tuition (ISRT) policy. Pseudonyms were used to protect the identity of study participants since a viable path to permanent U.S. residency for undocumented students and/or graduates is currently unavailable. Participants shared their journeys through two 90-minute interviews conducted via Skype, follow-up questions conducted via e-mail, and journal entries collected via e-mail. Consistent with existing literature, findings revealed that participants experienced numerous cultural, academic, legal, and personal barriers, but were relentless in reaching their goals. Contrary to most existing literature, participants in this study enjoyed significant academic capital, aspirational capital, and followed a different and unique decision-making rationale. Findings are presented in five individual portraits and one collective portrait. Individual portraits illustrate participants' struggles, key turning points, and their life decisions. The collective portrait addresses four themes that emerged from the data, including 1) life barriers, 2) reflections of resiliency, 3) decision time, and 4) college education interpretation.

Studies on the career paths of municipal police officers have revealed an emergence of four distinct phases which officers pass through during their professional careers, phases where the perception of their profession changes. These phases are more constant at the patrol officer level where most officers begin and finish their career. Among these four phases is the disillusion phase (between 6 and 13 years), where the expectations at work are not met. The perception of the police administration, the public and the criminal justice system, all become negative and the hope for promotions diminish. These studies were mainly conducted in a period where there were very few or no women in policing. Through a feminist perspective and a social constructionist theoretical framework, this thesis makes the hypothesis that because women have different expectations at work, a varying work/life balance and a contrasting aspiration to attain positions of power, women will live this second phase differently. To explore this hypothesis, data was collected from ten semi-structured interviews with female patrol officers having worked between 6 and 13 years in municipal police departments. A discourse analysis effectively shows significant differences for the reasons underlying our hypotheses. Even if they have some frustrations about certain aspects of their work, we did not see any disillusionment from any women in this phase.

Notre recherche a pour double objectif de caractériser les parcours professionnels des enseignants du premier degré et de qualifier leurs dynamiques professionnelles sur un temps long. L’exercice du métier de professeur des écoles a été récemment modifié, d’une part avec le prolongement du nombre d’années professionnelles à effectuer, et d’autre part, avec la multiplication des réformes visant à améliorer les résultats des élèves au regard des classifications internationales. Ces décisions affectent la trajectoire professionnelle des maîtres d’école et leur activité au quotidien, deux dimensions qui sont peu pensées conjointement. Comme un trait d’union, la notion de développement professionnel semble propice pour déceler des indicateurs de construction de compétences et de remaniements identitaires, sous-jacents au déroulement des parcours. Pour ce faire, notre enquête s’appuie sur des récits de vie professionnelle, recueillis auprès de professeurs des écoles en milieu de carrière. L’analyse pointe un système d’épreuves et de ressources qu’il est possible de catégoriser, moins dans une logique de suite ordonnée que dans une perspective révélatrice de dynamiques d’engagement dans le travail. Pour faire face à la complexité du métier, il s’avère que les professeurs des écoles reconfigurent leur activité et leur(s) parcours professionnel(s) selon la teneur des épreuves rencontrées dans le travail (nature, intensité, cadence…) et selon les ressources employées en ces circonstances. Ainsi, les conditions nécessaires à des phases de développement professionnel articulent des éléments biographiques (parcours personnel, motivations et représentations par rapport au métier, éléments des sphères familiales, …) conjugués à des éléments de l’activité située (environnement de travail des différents postes occupés, effets croisés des politiques nationales et locales d’éducation,…). En somme, être professeur des écoles aujourd’hui, et envisager de le rester, requiert un travail constant d’actualisation de son expérience et de son identité professionnelle. / Our research has 2 objectives: to define the careers of primary school teachers and to consider their long term work commitment. The work of primary school teachers has recently been changed, on the one hand the number of required working years has been lengthened and on the other there has been a multiplication of reforms in order to improve pupils' results with regard to the international league tables. These decisions affect school teachers' careers and their activity on a daily basis, two aspects which are rarely considered together. Linked to that, we are envisaging our research from the notion of professionnal development which seems appropriate to us in order to find the indicators of construction of skills and identity, underlying reorganisations in the progress of careers. In order to do this, our enquiry is based on the narratives of mid-career primary school teachers reflecting on their professional lives. The analysis shows a system of events and resources which is possible to categorise, less in an orderly logic than in a revealing perspective of dynamics of commitment to work. In order to confront the complexity of their work, it turns out that primary school teachers restructure their activity and their career(s) in accordance with the difficulties experienced in their work (their nature, intensity, rhythm...) and with the resources used in such circumstances. So the necessary conditions for professional development are coherent with biographical elements (career paths, consistent motivation and elements of the family spheres...) and are combined with the elements of the activity in context (the working environment of the different positions held, the crossed effects of national and local educational politics,...). All in all, being a primary school teacher today and intending to remain so, requires a constant updating of experience and identity.

Studies on the career paths of municipal police officers have revealed an emergence of four distinct phases which officers pass through during their professional careers, phases where the perception of their profession changes. These phases are more constant at the patrol officer level where most officers begin and finish their career. Among these four phases is the disillusion phase (between 6 and 13 years), where the expectations at work are not met. The perception of the police administration, the public and the criminal justice system, all become negative and the hope for promotions diminish. These studies were mainly conducted in a period where there were very few or no women in policing. Through a feminist perspective and a social constructionist theoretical framework, this thesis makes the hypothesis that because women have different expectations at work, a varying work/life balance and a contrasting aspiration to attain positions of power, women will live this second phase differently. To explore this hypothesis, data was collected from ten semi-structured interviews with female patrol officers having worked between 6 and 13 years in municipal police departments. A discourse analysis effectively shows significant differences for the reasons underlying our hypotheses. Even if they have some frustrations about certain aspects of their work, we did not see any disillusionment from any women in this phase.

The influence of volunteering on the career of young people in the Czech environment represents an unexplored area of research. This diploma thesis is searching for the answer if volunteering experience and competencies acquired during volunteer activities can affect the start of a career of young people. Particular attention is also paid to social capital and to persons whose activities in the organization push volunteers forward in a professional sense and share new contacts useful for career. The theoretical basis includes the theory of social capital, signal theory, career path theory, and career anchor theory. Design work is qualitative research. The source of the data are semi- structured interviews with ten participants who have experience in volunteering and currently can provide their own opinion on the impact of volunteering on their careers. Key Words: volunteering, career, social capital, career path, career counselling, volunteer coordination, management of a nonprofit organization

No description available.

Universitet är stora meritokratiska organisationer där strävan efter konkurrenskraft aldrig tar slut. Universitetets främsta roll är att utbilda, forska och bygga ny kunskap. Medarbetares kompetens och ytterst meriter samt att bygga rätt sammansättning av meritering är därför centralt för universitetet. Det blir därmed viktigt för universiteten att behålla de bästa medarbetarna och motivera medarbetarna till att arbeta mot organisationens mål. Denna studie behandlar medarbetarna på Luleå tekniska universitets syn på relationen mellan motivation, återkoppling, belöning, prestation och befordran. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera hur meritering ser ut och är relaterat till prestationerna i en meritokratisk organisation. Genom att uppnå syftet kan vi bidra och inspirera till vidare forskning om hur medarbetare med långsiktiga mål och tydliga karriärvägar kan uppfatta styrning. För att uppnå detta har litteratursökningar i vetenskapliga artiklar gjorts och empiriska underlag samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. En abduktiv ansats har tillämpats i studien. Resultatet visar att det finns ett tydligt samband mellan medarbetarnas prestation och befordran. Men att det i förlängningen är starkare genom forskningen än undervisningen. Empirin visar även att intervjupersonerna främst ser de icke monetära belöningarna som bidragande faktorer till ökad motivation samt att återkoppling är viktigt för motivation. De anställda anser att de får tillräcklig återkoppling från studenterna men flertalet önskar mer återkoppling från chefer. / Universities are large meritocratic organizations where the pursuit of competitiveness never ends. The main role of universities is to educate, conduct research and discover new knowledge. Therefore are both the employees’ competence and the right composition of merit central to the universities. It thus becomes crucial for the universities to retain the best employees and motivate the employees to work towards the organization's goals. This study shows the employees at Luleå University of Technology's view of the correlation between motivation, feedback, reward, performance, and promotion. The purpose of the study is to find out what merit looks like and how it is related to the performance of a meritocratic organization. By achieving the purpose, we can contribute and inspire further research on how employees with long-term goals and clear career paths can perceive management control. To achieve this, literature searches in scientific articles have been done and empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. An abductive approach has been applied in the study. The results show that the connection between employees' performance and promotion is stronger through research than teaching. The empiric also shows that the interviewees mainly see the non-monetary rewards as contributing factors to increased motivation and that feedback is important for motivation. The employees consider that they receive enough feedback from the students, but the majority want more feedback from managers.

Text in English with abstracts and keywords in English, Afrikaans and isiZulu. Translated titles in Afrikaans and isiZulu supplied. / The research focused on individual–organisational career path congruence and the development of an integrated measure (I-PIA-M) constituting individual variables (i.e. career anchor preferences, career interests and abilities) which are recognised as influencing individuals’ perceptions of fit with the organisation. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach: (1) principles and constructs of person–environment (P-E) fit were applied, both to develop the I-PIA-M and empirically test the measure for reliability and validity; and (2) a qualitative study (career intervention) was conducted in which the empirically tested measure was applied in a career counselling context, to assess and guide career path congruence in an authentic work setting. The quantitative study involved a randomly selected sample (N = 270) of predominantly working adults in the economic and management sciences fields. The qualitative study involved five respondents in a career construction interview, along with the administration of the empirically tested I-PIA-M measure. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the multi-dimensionality of the I-PIA-M, and the reliability and construct validity of the scale. The results showed that race and gender significantly explain individuals’ self-perceived career anchor preferences and career interests, but not their self-perceived abilities. Age did not significantly explain individuals’ self-perceived career anchor preferences, career interests or abilities. The qualitative study corroborated the multi-directionality of individuals’ career paths and the notion of guiding person–organisation career path congruence by means of the I-PIA-M. The research contributed to career psychology and career counselling practice through the empirical testing and application of the I-PIA-M in the contemporary work context. Various limitations and recommendations for further research were also highlighted in this thesis. / Die navorsing het gefokus op individuele-organisatoriese-loopbaankongruensie en die ontwikkeling van 'n geïntegreerde maatstaf (I-PIA-M) bestaande uit individuele veranderlikes (bv loopbaanankervoorkeure, loopbaanbelangstellings en vermoëns) wat erken word as faktore wat individue se persepsies van passing met die organisasie beïnvloed. Die navorsing het 'n gemengdemetode-benadering gevolg: (1) beginsels en konstrukte van persoon-omgewing is toegepas om sowel die I-PIA-M te ontwikkel en die maatstaf empiries vir betroubaarheid en geldigheid te toets; en (2) 'n kwalitatiewe studie (loopbaanintervensie) is onderneem waarin die empiries getoetsde maatstaf in 'n loopbaanberadingskonteks gebruik is om die loopbaanpadkongruensie in 'n outentieke werksituasie te evalueer en te lei. Die kwantitatiewe studie het 'n ewekansig geselekteerde steekproef (N = 270) van oorwegend werkende volwassenes op die terrein van ekonomiese en bestuurswetenskappe betrek. Die kwalitatiewe studie het vyf respondent in 'n loopbaankonstruksie-onderhoud betrek, saam met die aanwending van die empiries getoetste I-PIA-M maatstaf. Verkennende faktoranalise en bevestigende faktoranalise het die multidimensionele aard van die I-PIA-M bevestig, en die betroubaarheid en konstrukgeldigheid van die skaal. Die resultate het getoon dat ras en geslag beduidend individue se self-vermeende loopbaanankervoorkeure en loopbaanbelangstellings verklaar, maar nie hul self-vermeende vermoëns nie. Ouderdom het nie beduidend individue se self-vermeende loopbaanankervoorkeure, loopbaanbelangstellings of vermoëns verklaar nie. Die kwalitatiewe studie het die multidireksionele aard van individue se loopbaanpaaie en die idee dat persoon–organisasie-loopbaanpadkongruensie deur middel van die I-PIA-M gerig word, gestaaf. Die navorsing het tot loopbaansielkunde en loopbaanberadingspraktyk bygedra deur die empiriese toetsing en toepassing van die I-PIA-M in die kontemporêre werkkonteks. Verskeie beperkings en aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing is ook in hierdie tesis uitgelig. / Ucwaningo lugxile kuhlelo olufanayo lobizo lomsebenzi olulandelwa umuntu ngamunye–yinhlangano kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendlela ehlangene yokwakha izimpawu zomuntu ezahlukahlukene (I-PIA-M) (zona yilezi ukwenyulwa kobizo lomsebenzi oluyinsika, ubizo oluthandayo lomsebenzi kanye namakhono okwenza umsebenzi) ezithathwa njengalezo ezinomthelela phezu kwemiqondo yomuntu ohambelana ncimishi nenhlangano. Ucwaningo lwamukela ingxubevange yezindlela zokwenza ucwaningo: (1) imigomo kanye nezakhiwo zesizinda somuntu (P-E) zisetshenziswe, kabili, ukwakha i I-PIA-M kanye nokuhlolwa ngendlela ephathekayo izinga lokwethembeka kanye nokulunga; kanye; kanye (2) nocwaningo olusebenzisa amagama lwenziwa, lapho isinyathelo sokuhlola esiphathekayo sasetshenziswa kuhlelo ngaphansi kwesizinda sokululekwa ngokobizo lomsebenzi, ukuhlola ikhono kanye nokukhombisa umfundi indlela yobizo lomsebenzi ehambisana naye angayilandela ngaphansi kwesimo sangempela somsebenzi. . Lesi sifundo socwaningo besixuba isampuli yokukhethwa ngokungahleliwe kwabantu abadala (N = 270) abasebenzayo emikhakheni yezesayensi yezomnotho kanye nezokuphata. Uhlelo locwaningo olusebenzisa amagama luye lwaxuba abaphenduli abahlanu kunhlololwazi lokuzakhela ubizo lomsebenzi, kanye nokuqhutshwa kwesinyathelo sokuhlolwa okuphathekayo kohlelo lwe-I-PIA-M. -. Uhlelo lokuhluza oluvumbululayo kanye nohlelo lokuhluza oluqinisekisayo aye aqinisekisa ukwehlukahluka kwe-I-PIA-M ngokwezigaba, nokwethembeka kanye nohlelo lwesakhiwo esifanele sobukhulu. Imiphumela iye yakhombisa ukuthi ubuhlanga kanye nobulili zichaza kahle kakhulu ubizo lomsebenzi olukhethwa, ubizo lomsebenzi othandwayo noma amakhono omsebenzi athandwayo, kodwa hayi ngokuzikhethela komuntu ngokwamakhono anawo. Unyaka awuzange ucacise kahle ukwenyula ubizo lomsebenzi, ukuthanda ubizo lomsebenzi kanye namakhono omsebenzi ngokuzazi komuntu ngokwakhe. Unyaka, ubuhlanga kanye namaqembu obulili akhombise umehluko omkhulu mayelana nobizo lwemisebenzi abalwenyulayo, ubizo lwemisebenzi abayithandayo kanye namakhono omsebenzi abawaqondayo ngokuzazi kwabo. Ucwaningo olususelwa kumagama lusekela uhlelo lwezindlela eziningi lwezindlela zobizo lomsebenzi ezilandelwa ngabantunkanye nombono wokuholela umuntu-inhlangano endleleni efanayo yobizo lomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-I-PIA-M. Ucwaningo luye lwaba negalelo kusayikholoji kanye nasemisebenzini wokweluleka ngokobizo lomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo oluphathekayo lokuhlola kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlelo lwe-I-PIA-M kwisimo sanamuhla sasemsebenzini. Kuye kwavezwa imingcele eyahlukahlukene kanye nezinqumo ezimayelana nokwenza olunye ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kuye kwavezwa kule thesisi. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final.pdf: 768757 bytes, checksum: 9894ec4500e698c28af9e7007a02eb9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-16 / This study analyzes profiles and career paths of directors and counselors from the following federal agencies: ANEEL, ANATEL, ANP, ANVISA, ANS, ANA, ANCINE, ANTAQ, ANTT e ANAC. We observe dimensions relating with conditions which, in theory, allow more decision-making autonomy to Brazilian federal regulators: 1) regulator’s level of expertise and skilled knowledge, watching his trainig area, level of education and previous experience in the regulated sector; 2) the existence of party affiliation before his appointment to the post at the agency; 3) the existence of cases of renewal regulators, beyond the government mandates of different presidents; 4) the professional origin of regulators and destination after their performance in regulatory agencies. At the same time, it is observed the institutional design of these Brazilian agencies and how some aspects of its structure and process can interfere with the outcome of the regulatory process, specially in regard to how regulators are indicated. Among the main results of this work, we highlight the strong connection between the training area of regulators and the playing field of regulatory agencies; the recovery of post-graduate courses in qualifying a candidate for a federal regulatory agency; and the proof of previous professional experience in the regulated sector, indicating that Brazilian regulators have relevant indicators of specialization and expertise in the sector. There have also been cases of indicated and reappointed regulators by different presidents, reinforcing the hypothesis that value expertise. Regarding political capture, stands out that just under a third of tregulators had previous party affiliation before their appointments. Most regulators are selected within the public service, but most of them will work in the private industry sphere, reinforcing the evidence that there may have been capture during their mandates in the agency. It is clear, also, a trend of strengthening of agencies’ bureaucracy from the end of the first term of President Lula, movement wich has increased in President Dilma Rousseff’s first term. / Este trabalho analisa o perfil e as trajetórias de carreira dos diretores e conselheiros das se-guintes agências federais: ANEEL, ANATEL, ANP, ANVISA, ANS, ANA, ANCINE, AN-TAQ, ANTT e ANAC. São observadas algumas dimensões que se relacionam com condicio-nantes que, em tese, permitiriam uma maior autonomia decisória do regulador brasileiro federal: 1) o nível de expertise e conhecimento especializado do regulador, observando sua área de formação, nível de escolaridade e sua experiência prévia no setor regulado; 2) a existência ou não de filiação partidária antes de sua indicação para o cargo na agência; 3) a existência ou não de casos de recondução de reguladores, além dos mandados governamentais de diferentes presidentes; e 4) a origem e o destino profissional do regulador após sua atuação na agência reguladora. Paralelamente, observa-se como foi elaborado o desenho institucional destas agências brasileiras e como algumas características de sua estrutura e processo podem interferir com o resultado do processo regulatório, especialmente no que se refere à forma como os reguladores são indicados. Entre os principais resultados do trabalho, destacam-se a forte co-nexão entre a área de formação dos reguladores e o campo de atuação das agências reguladores; a valorização de cursos de pós-graduação na qualificação de um candidato para uma agência reguladora federal; e a comprovação de experiência profissional prévia no setor regulado, indicando que os reguladores brasileiros apresentam indicadores relevantes de especialização e expertise no setor. Também ocorreram casos de reguladores indicados e reconduzidos por presidentes diferentes, reforçando a hipótese de valorização da especialização. Com relação a captura política, se destaca que pouco menos de um terço dos indicados possuía filiação partidária anterior à nomeação. A maioria dos reguladores é selecionada dentro do serviço público, mas boa parte deles vai trabalhar na esfera privada do setor, reforçando os indícios de que pode ter havido captura durante os mandatos na agência. Percebe-se, ainda, uma forte tendência de fortalecimento da burocracia das agências a partir do final do primeiro mandato do presidente Lula, movimento acentuado no primeiro mandato da presidente Dilma Rousseff.