Esta dissertação teve como objetivos conhecer a opinião de crianças angolanas a respeito de suas escolas, investigar como é a escola dos seus sonhos e averiguar como os direitos da criança estão sendo acolhidos nessas instituições. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo que englobou o sistema de ensino público primário do país, representado por 15 escolas localizadas em cinco províncias angolanas. As crianças participaram de entrevistas em grupo e o método utilizado foi a inserção ecológica. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e os resultados indicaram que as interações de crianças, professores, diretores e escolas são caracterizadas por desequilíbrio de poder e autoritarismo e, por isso, carecem de reciprocidade. A escola dos sonhos das crianças é um local com condições mínimas de infraestrutura, no qual se sentem acolhidas e respeitadas. A promoção e o respeito aos direitos da criança ainda são incipientes em Angola de maneira geral e nas escolas em particular. / This dissertation aimed to know the opinion of Angolan children with respect to their schools, investigate how the school of their dreams is and to verify how children’s rights are received in those institutions. This study encompassed Angola’s public primary education system, represented by 15 schools located in five Angolan provinces. The children participated in group interviews and the method used during data collection was the ecological engagement. Data analysis was done through the Bioecological Theory of Human Development and the results indicate that the interaction among children, teachers, directors and schools are characterized by the imbalance of power and authoritarianism, reason why the relationship lacks reciprocity. Children’s dream school is a place with minimal infrastructure where they feel welcomed and respected. In general, the promotion and respect to children’s rights are still incipient in Angola, especially in schools.

Esta dissertação teve como objetivos conhecer a opinião de crianças angolanas a respeito de suas escolas, investigar como é a escola dos seus sonhos e averiguar como os direitos da criança estão sendo acolhidos nessas instituições. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo que englobou o sistema de ensino público primário do país, representado por 15 escolas localizadas em cinco províncias angolanas. As crianças participaram de entrevistas em grupo e o método utilizado foi a inserção ecológica. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e os resultados indicaram que as interações de crianças, professores, diretores e escolas são caracterizadas por desequilíbrio de poder e autoritarismo e, por isso, carecem de reciprocidade. A escola dos sonhos das crianças é um local com condições mínimas de infraestrutura, no qual se sentem acolhidas e respeitadas. A promoção e o respeito aos direitos da criança ainda são incipientes em Angola de maneira geral e nas escolas em particular. / This dissertation aimed to know the opinion of Angolan children with respect to their schools, investigate how the school of their dreams is and to verify how children’s rights are received in those institutions. This study encompassed Angola’s public primary education system, represented by 15 schools located in five Angolan provinces. The children participated in group interviews and the method used during data collection was the ecological engagement. Data analysis was done through the Bioecological Theory of Human Development and the results indicate that the interaction among children, teachers, directors and schools are characterized by the imbalance of power and authoritarianism, reason why the relationship lacks reciprocity. Children’s dream school is a place with minimal infrastructure where they feel welcomed and respected. In general, the promotion and respect to children’s rights are still incipient in Angola, especially in schools.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur lärare upplever att undervisningen bedrivs gällande barnkonventionen samt om undervisningen har förändrats till följd av att barnkonventionen blivit lag. Syftet med studien var också att undersöka hur lärare och elevers kännedom är gällande barnkonventionen. En kombination av datainsamlingsmetoder användes, intervjuer med både lärare och elever samt enkätundersökning bland lärare. Fyra lärare och åtta elever deltog i intervjuerna och 82 lärare deltog i enkätundersökningen. Resultatet av studien visar på att eleverna har kännedom om att barnkonventionen finns men kunskapen gällande innehållet varierar bland eleverna. Lärarnas kännedom om barnkonventionen är god och resultatet visar på att majoriteten av lärarna som deltagit i föreliggande studie upplever att de arbetar med barnkonventionen dagligen i och med skolans värdegrund. Själva undervisningen om barnkonventionen sker i samband med FN-dagen eller barnkonventionens dag. Lärarna som deltagit i studien menar att undervisningen inte förändrats i och med lagstadgande av konventionen. Resultatet av studien visar på att en stor majoritet av de lärare som deltagit i föreliggande studie upplever att de inte erbjudits varken information eller vidareutbildning gällande barnkonventionen under deras verksamma år. En majoritet av de deltagande lärarna menar även på att kunskap om barnkonventionen inte ingick i deras lärarutbildning. / The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers experience that the teaching is conducted regarding the Convention on the Rights of the Child, CRC, and whether it has changed as a result of the CRC becoming law. The purpose of the study was also to investigate how teachers and pupils' knowledge is about the CRC. A mix of methods was used, interviews with both teachers and pupils as well as survey among teachers. Four teachers and eight pupils participated in the interviews and 82 teachers participated in the survey. The study comes to the conclusion that the pupils are aware about of the CRC but the knowledge about the content varies among the pupils. The teachers' knowledge of the CRC is good and the result shows that the majority of teachers who participated in the present study feel that they work with the CRC on a daily basis because of the school's values. The actual teaching of the CRC takes place in conjunction with “FN-dagen” or “barnkonventionens dag”. The teachers who participated in the study do not experience that the teaching has changed as a result of the CRC becoming law. The results of the study show that a vast majority of the teachers who participated in the present study feel that they lacks further education or information regarding the CRC. A majority of the participating teachers have also stated that knowledge of the CRC was not included in their teacher education.

Many international conventions concern child labour and child work and this practice tend to often be viewed as a violation of child rights. However, the discourse has changed and a tension among universalistic and relativistic scholars risen. The former tends to condemn child work under the age of 14 and the latter claims that culture needs to be taken into account arguing that child work, is not necessarily a violation of rights.  This study analyses narratives from former child workers in Cochabamba, Bolivia. It aims to increase the understanding of experiences from child workers and how it relates to Child Rights from a universalistic and relativistic perspective and to identify reasons for child work.  The findings demonstrate that the experiences vary a lot and that there is a complexity in the practice of child work. The respondents have experienced violation of rights at their work, but on the other hand, has the income enabled them to fulfil other rights. The relativistic and universalistic perspective both serve to gain a deeper understanding of child work and its complex relationship of Child Rights. This argue for that one should strive to use both perspectives rather than embrace one and condemn the other. Economic need was identified as the main reason to why children were working.

Syftet med studien var att få en inblick i och förståelse för hur socialarbetare upplever arbetet med barn som är utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck (HRV). Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning med sex semistrukturerade intervjuer av socialarbetare från olika delar av Sverige. Empirin analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Vidare har vi använt Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater och Honneths teori om erkännande för att analysera och få en djupare förståelse för empirin. Resultatet visade att socialarbetare upplever flera utmaningar i arbetet med barn som lever i en hederskontext. De upplever att det saknas verkningsfulla arbetsmetoder gällande familjearbete och att föräldrarätten fortfarande väger tungt inom socialt arbete. Detta kan få negativa konsekvenser för barn som kan tvingas till umgänge med våldsutövande föräldrar. Studien visade även att det finns kunskapsluckor i ämnet HRV, både inom socialt arbete samt inom förskola och skola - verksamheter som lyfts fram som viktiga för att upptäcka förekomsten av HRV. Samverkan anses vara en framgångsfaktor i arbetet mot HRV och något som kan försvåra samverkan är kunskapsluckor. / The purpose of this study was to gain an insight and understanding of how social workers experience their work with children who’s been exposed to honor-based violence (HBV) and oppression. We have conducted a qualitative study with six semi-structured interviews with social workers from different parts of Sweden. The data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method. Additionally, we have used Lipsky’s theory about Street-level bureaucrats and Honneth’s recognition theory to analyze and gain a deeper understanding of empiricism. The result showed that social workers experience several challenges in their work with children who live in a context of honor-based violence. They lack effective working methods regarding family work and parental rights weigh heavily still within social work. This can cause negative consequences for children who could be forced to interact and spend time with violent parents. The study also showed that there are knowledge gaps on the subject of HBV, not only in social work but also in preschool, and school alike - institutions highlighted of paramount importance for the discovering of the prevalence of HBV. Collaboration is considered a strong success factor in the work against HBV, whereas knowledge gaps can contribute to difficulties in the subject.

Strategic litigation for the achievement of education rights for pregnant learners in Africa has emerged at both national and regional level in recent years. While it is important that the narrative shaped by these cases reflect a child-rights approach, informed by sufficient child participation and consideration of their views, a child-rights approach is not always followed, nor is the content of such an approach sufficiently explored in the literature. This study explores the theoretical content of a child-rights compliant approach to litigation as well as its application in African cases, and the effect that this approach or lack thereof has on children’s long-term enjoyment of their rights. The main question the research seeks to answer is whether strategic litigation on pregnant learners in Africa has effectively applied a child-rights compliant approach. In order to answer that question the scope and content of, and the normative basis for, a child-rights compliant approach to strategic litigation is explored. The research seeks to answer whether the cases before the African human rights system’s judicial bodies are compliant with such an approach. The main research question is complemented by secondary questions: What is the effect of a child-rights approach to impact litigation on access to education for pregnant learners in Africa, and what can future litigators do to improve child-rights compliance to litigation? The study reveals that the essential tenets of a child-rights approach consist of four crucial elements, namely a basis in conception of childhood as agentic as opposed to protectionist; procedural child-friendly access to justice; child participation through being heard and by being parties to a case; and rootedness in a child inclusive social movement. It concludes by making recommendations to various stakeholders towards improved implementation of a child-rights approach in strategic litigation. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Centre for Human Rights / LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) / Unrestricted

The United States of America was founded on imperialist ideals that favoured European protestant values and blood. Meanwhile the Native peoples of the lands on which the very country was founded were treated as a “problem”. In times of conflict children are often the most vulnerable group, suffering great trauma and distress. This paper has outlined the origins of policies that would exploit and traumatise Native American children by removing them from their families, effectively violating their rights. Evidence is presented through historical analysis that these practices are so ingrained in the American political system that is was with relative easy that contemporary policies were passed, that would violate the human rights of Indigenous blooded immigrant children by forcibly separating them from their parents and subjecting them to subhuman conditions in migrant detention centers along the US-Mexico border.

This essay is about children's rights in one African country namely Kenya. It includesinternational documents like the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) andthe regional African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC). The thesis alsoanalyzes the differences between these documents and also the Sustainable development goals arediscussed and how they directly touch children's rights.This thesis also deals with the topic of how children's rights are protected by the Kenyanconstitution . It will mention the international laws and conventions that Kenya is obligated toimplement and follow in order to guarantee the kenyan children their rights. During the work wewill take a look at legislations and policies that Kenya has established to promote and protect therights of the children in Kenya.I will analyze some of the violations of the rights of children in Kenya and will be mainly focusingon laws and policies that the country established. The thesis also includes an investigation ofwhich children's rights are violated in Kenya. It consists of statistics and what the laws in Kenyasay about these violations.

Barnkonventionen instiftades som en ny lag i Sverige i januari år 2020. Syftet med denna studie var att studera den nya lagen och dess eventuella påverkan gällande idrottsledares arbets- och förhållningssätt. Studien tar utgångspunkt utifrån teorier inom ledarskapet som används för underlag till analysen och diskussionen. För att besvara arbetets syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tio ledare från olika föreningar inom både lag- och individuell idrott.    Resultatet i studien visar att Barnkonventionen som lag inte förändrat något i ledarnas arbetssätt eller förhållningssätt i någon större grad. En av anledningarna som framgick till detta skulle kunna vara den pågående pandemin som tagit mycket fokus från både ledare och föreningar. En annan anledning som framkom frekvent var att man redan ansåg lagen som självklar i sitt arbetssätt.  Det framkom däremot tendenser på att olika arbeten förbund genomför i samband med den nya lagen genererat nytänkande hos vissa ledare / The Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) was established as a new law in Sweden in January 2020. The purpose of this paper was to study the new law and its possible impact on the working methods and the approach of sports leaders. The study is based on theories within leadership that are used as a basis for the analysis and discussion. To answer the paper’s purpose, a qualitative interview study was conducted with ten leaders from different associations in both team and individual sports.   The result of the study shows that the CRC as a law has yet had any greater impact on the leaders' working methods or attitudes to any great extent. One of the reasons that emerged for this could be the ongoing pandemic that has taken a lot of focus from both leaders and associations. Another reason that came up frequently was that they already considered the law to be self-evident in their way of working. On the other hand, there were tendencies that the ongoing work from different sportfederations has generated a new approch regarding this issue for some leaders.

ABSTRACT Poverty, and in particular child poverty, is a serious social problem. Statistics show that the number of children living in poverty has increased over the last ten years. Earlier research shows that there are huge gaps in our knowledge of how the actors in civil society handle child poverty. With this study we hope to help fill this gap. The aim of our study is to look at how four different organisations working in the civil society in Uppsala perceive and handle child poverty. We have chosen to conduct an empirical study of fieldwork interviews. Our informants were selected from organisations in the municipality of Uppsala that were known to us as working with children's needs.   The results show that our informants consider child poverty an overly narrow and one-sided concept and rather see child poverty as a multifaceted social phenomenon. They view poverty as not only a matter of lack of economic resources but also as other welfare deficits – a view which agrees with previous research (Bitterman and Franzén 2008:243). All our informants express and, to a great extent, practice a children's rights perspective (Archard 2009). They construct children as citizens and bearers of rights, with the idea that adults have a common responsibility to supply for children’s needs of care and participation. None of the four organisations have a family poverty approach to the children. Instead they view children as unique individuals with their own needs beyond the family. The selection process is based on trust. There is no means test or strict investigation though the concept of need is an important criterion. All our informants’ organisations position themselves as something other than social services. They see their role as a complement to social services and public welfare. None of our informants express any desire to replace it.   Key Words: child poverty, economic vulnerability, civil society, voluntary work, child rights perspective.