The author discusses three Soviet comedies from the 1970s: Moskva slezam ne verit (Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears, Vladimir Menshov, 1979), Osenniy marafon (Autumn Marathon, Georgi Daneliya, 1979), and Ironiya Sudby, ili S lyogkim parom (Irony of Fate, Eldar Ryazanov, 1975), and how they relate to both conventions of romance and conventions of the mainstream traditions of the romantic comedy genre. The text explores the evolution of the genre and accompanying theoretic writings, and relates them to the Soviet films, focusing largely on the conventions that can be grouped under an idea of the romantic chronotope. The discussion includes the conventions of chance and fate, of the wrong partner, the happy ending, the temporary and carnevalesque nature of romance, multiple levels of discourse, and some aspects of gender, class and power. In addition, some attention is paid to the ways in which the films connect to specific genre cycles, such as screwball comedy and comedy of remarriage, and to the implications that a communist system may have on the possibilities of love and romance. The author argues that Soviet and Hollywood films share many conventions of romance, but for differing reasons.

Jeffrey Eugenides‟ Middlesex can be ascribed to many genres, one of which is the novel of immigration. Mikhail Bakhtin has suggested that each genre, indeed any literary motif, can be defined by its own chronotope, literally “time space,” “the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that are artistically expressed in literature.” The essay discusses the chronotope of immigration in Middlesex, and looks at how four specific intersections of time and space, embodied by the four houses inhabited by the Stephanides family, contribute to the unfolding of this particular immigration saga. The four houses can thus be seen to represent the key elements of this novel‟s instance of a chronotope of immigration, which brings up concepts such as assimilation, hybridity and “third space.” The essay also examines the relations of central characters to time, space and each other; the upstairs/downstairs and inside/outside dichotomies within each house providing interesting keys to inter-gender and inter-generational alienation within this chronotope of immigration.

The thesis reveals the main principles of the theatrical chronotope and examines the ways in which it is embodied in the novels of two postmodern authors &ndash / The Magus by John Fowles and England, England by Julian Barnes. These are analyzed as presenting two different variants of texts that employ the theatrical chronotope to exploit its different possible semantic implications. The thesis argues that in The Magus theatricality is employed to convey the author&rsquo / s philosophical and aesthetical thoughts. The main qualities of the theatrical universe, actualized in the novel, are its epistemological potential determining the protagonist&rsquo / s quest in the &ldquo / heuristic mill&rdquo / of the metatheatre, and the multileveled structure of theatrical reality, combining different degrees of conventionality, which serves to posit the question of the relationships of aesthetical and actual reality. In England, England, theatricality is used to investigate the nature of modern society presented as a kind of totalitazing spectacle. Accordingly, the theatrical chronotope is used to construct a simulative reality, manifesting that of the modern society in replacing the actual reality and experience of living with the illusory pseudo-experience of consuming the images of reality and living, in its role-imposing and transforming abilities manipulating both personal and national identity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_l_dr_arafcl_prot.pdf: 5451889 bytes, checksum: 7486d4284dac027007b8c040771b67e6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho versa sobre o funk carioca, encarado como manifestação do hip hop contemporâneo. Para compreender esse movimento, propõe-se a analisar as letras do SLA Funk de Fernanda Abreu (FA) por meio da isotopia da busca por um pertencimento. Revelam-se, no desenvolvimento dessa procura, três componentes: o baile, caracterizado como rito dionisíaco; a antropofagia; e a metalinguagem. Os cronótopos do encontro e do carnaval, bem como a intertextualidade, compõem as canções de FA e caracterizam a relação sujeito-espaço-tempo nelas existente. Para atingir seu objetivo, a pesquisa fundamenta-se, principalmente, nas noções bakhtinianas de diálogo, carnavalização e cronótopo. Os resultados mostram que o tema de constituição das canções analisadas é o prazer realizado nos bailes da pesada. Os sujeitos das canções de FA tentam explicitar, metalingüisticamente, o caráter carnavalesco do baile funk. No universo do hip hop carioca das canções de FA, o corpo aparece retratado como fonte de poder que constitui as mais diversas relações entre os sujeitos. As SLAs representam a cultura do funk por manterem, em seus enunciados, um elo entre discursos e realidade, ao retratarem o baile e seu culto à diversão e ao prazer. Este, adquirido por meio do movimento (suingue) do corpo que dança, canta e encanta. No embalo dos ouvidos e dos movimentos dos corpos, as canções acabam por sustentar e promover um universo da cultura funk: um mundo composto pela liberação do prazer carnal. Assim, as canções de FA levam a conhecer o universo do funk carioca por manifestarem, em seus enunciados, um modo de ser e de sentir. / This research runs upon carioca funk, known as a manifestation of contemporary hip hop. To understand this movement, we would analyze the lyrics of SLA Funk by Fernanda Abreu (FA) through the isotopy of a social belonging search. Three components are revealed during this search: the ball, characterized as a Dionysian ritual; the anthropophagy, and melalanguage. The chronotopes of the meeting and the carnival, as well as the intertextuality, compose FA's songs and characterize the existing relation among subject, space and time. To achieve its objective, the research is, mainly, based on Bakhtinian notions of dialogue, carnavalization and chronotope. The results show that the constitution theme of the analyzed songs is the pleasure realized in Heavy Balls. The subjects of FA's songs try to make explicit, metalinguistically, the carnival character of a funk ball. In the universe of carioca hip hop FA's songs, the body is portrayed as the source of power that constitutes the most diverse relations among subjects. The SLAs represent the culture of funk by maintaining in its statements, a link between discourse and reality, as they portray the ball and its worship to amusement and pleasure, acquired by the movement (swing) of the body that dances, sings and enchants. In the rocking of ears and the bodies' movement, the songs support and promote a universe of funk culture: a world composed of the liberation of carnal pleasure. So, FA's songs reveal the universe of carioca funk by expressing, in its statements, a way of being and of feeling.

Orientador: Renata Maria Facuri Coelho Marchezan / Banca: Maria do Rosário Gregolin / Banca: Fernanda Mussalim / Banca: Dulce Consuelo Andreatta Whitaker / Resumo: Este trabalho versa sobre o funk carioca, encarado como manifestação do hip hop contemporâneo. Para compreender esse movimento, propõe-se a analisar as letras do SLA Funk de Fernanda Abreu (FA) por meio da isotopia da busca por um pertencimento. Revelam-se, no desenvolvimento dessa procura, três componentes: o baile, caracterizado como "rito dionisíaco"; a "antropofagia"; e a metalinguagem. Os cronótopos do encontro e do carnaval, bem como a intertextualidade, compõem as canções de FA e caracterizam a relação sujeito-espaço-tempo nelas existente. Para atingir seu objetivo, a pesquisa fundamenta-se, principalmente, nas noções bakhtinianas de diálogo, carnavalização e cronótopo. Os resultados mostram que o tema de constituição das canções analisadas é o prazer realizado nos "bailes da pesada". Os sujeitos das canções de FA tentam explicitar, metalingüisticamente, o caráter carnavalesco do baile funk. No universo do hip hop carioca das canções de FA, o corpo aparece retratado como fonte de poder que constitui as mais diversas relações entre os sujeitos. As SLAs representam a cultura do funk por manterem, em seus enunciados, um elo entre discursos e "realidade", ao retratarem o baile e seu culto à diversão e ao prazer. Este, adquirido por meio do movimento (suingue) do corpo que dança, canta e encanta. No embalo dos ouvidos e dos movimentos dos corpos, as canções acabam por sustentar e promover um universo da cultura funk: um mundo composto pela liberação do prazer carnal. Assim, as canções de FA levam a conhecer o universo do funk carioca por manifestarem, em seus enunciados, um modo de ser e de sentir. / Abstract: This research runs upon carioca funk, known as a manifestation of contemporary hip hop. To understand this movement, we would analyze the lyrics of SLA Funk by Fernanda Abreu (FA) through the isotopy of a social belonging search. Three components are revealed during this search: the ball, characterized as a Dionysian ritual; the anthropophagy, and melalanguage. The chronotopes of the meeting and the carnival, as well as the intertextuality, compose FA's songs and characterize the existing relation among subject, space and time. To achieve its objective, the research is, mainly, based on Bakhtinian notions of dialogue, carnavalization and chronotope. The results show that the constitution theme of the analyzed songs is the pleasure realized in "Heavy Balls". The subjects of FA's songs try to make explicit, metalinguistically, the carnival character of a funk ball. In the universe of carioca hip hop FA's songs, the body is portrayed as the source of power that constitutes the most diverse relations among subjects. The SLAs represent the culture of funk by maintaining in its statements, a link between discourse and "reality", as they portray the ball and its worship to amusement and pleasure, acquired by the movement (swing) of the body that dances, sings and enchants. In the rocking of ears and the bodies' movement, the songs support and promote a universe of funk culture: a world composed of the liberation of carnal pleasure. So, FA's songs reveal the universe of carioca funk by expressing, in its statements, a way of being and of feeling. / Doutor

No capítulo denominado \"Formas de tempo e de cronotopo no romance (Ensaios de poética histórica)\", de sua obra Questões de Literatura e de Estética (A Teoria do Romance), Mikhail Bakhtin utiliza-se do termo cronotopo para referir-se à indissolubilidade de espaço e de tempo na literatura, uma vez que considera este como a quarta dimensão daquele. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o exame dos cronotopos no romance Ensaio sobre a Cegueira, de José Saramago, desenvolvido mediante o estudo do manicômio, das ruas, das casas, entre outros. Os cronotopos nesta obra subvertem a relação tradicional entre tempo e espaço, constituindo um mundo invertido em sua totalidade. Por meio dos cronotopos poderemos adentrar o campo da autoconsciência das personagens, o qual revela a ampliação do âmbito de visão delas sobre si mesmas e sobre os outros. Tal ampliação implica o dialogismo e a equiparação das vozes dos protagonistas que empreenderão uma jornada rumo à comunhão e à solidariedade. A autoconsciência desemboca na questão da construção da identidade que descortina a imagem do homem contemporâneo, cindido, em conflito com seu tempo e seu espaço. / In the chapter named \"Formas de tempo e de cronotopo no romance (Ensaios de poética histórica)\", which integrates his Questões de Literatura e de Estética (A Teoria do Romance), Mikhail Bakhtin makes use of the term \"Chronotope\" to refer to the indissolubility of time and space in literature, once he considers the latter as the fourth dimension of the first. The present work aims to investigate the chronotope in Saramago\'s Blindness, by means of the study of some of its chronotopes, such as the asylum, the streets and the houses, among others. In this novel, the chronotopes show the subversion between time and space relation, constituting a world inverted in its wholeness. By means of the chronotopes it will be possible to see the inside of the characters\' selfconsciousness process, which emerge in the narrative and broaden the characters\' visual field about themselves and about the other characters. Such broadening implies the dialogism and characters\' voice equalization (in the sense that each of the characters will be independent, owning their independent voices, which will consequently permit them start a journey towards communion and solidarity. In the novel, the theme of selfconsciousness, however, leads to that of the characters\'s identity building, which is present in the novel\'s plot, and which shows the contemporary individual\'s divided self, in conflict with his time and space.

This thesis broadly explores river imagery, which undergirds narrative, plot, and character trajectory in Melvin Dixon’s Trouble the Water. In the novel, the Pee Dee River, with its multi-directional flow, reflects the personal journey of the protagonist, Jordan Henry, and figures as a spatialized metaphor by which time and space are organized and articulated. Additionally, this thesis identifies correlations between river imagery and articulations of trauma and trauma recovery in the novel. Ultimately, this thesis argues that via Jordan’s simultaneous geographical and psychological, literal and symbolic journey, the novel offers an African-centered spiritual framework for moving through and healing from trauma.

Esta pesquisa investiga nas 122 dissertações de vestibular que compõem o corpus, produzidas por alunos de ensino médio de um colégio da Grande São Paulo os traços espaçotemporais que lhes são constitutivos. Tomando como base o conceito bakhtiniano de cronotopo que, sem se confundir com a noção de contexto, designa a indissociabilidade entre espaço e tempo nos textos e na vida concreta (BAKHTIN, 1998) , estuda-se a intrincada relação entre os sujeitos, os ambientes escolares e a sua história. Essa relação pressupõe uma concepção de linguagem em que os sujeitos (falantes ou escreventes) lidam com a língua sempre a partir da relação que têm com o outro, o que inclui a relação também com um dado cronotopo. Dessa preocupação mais geral, deriva o cumprimento de três objetivos específicos: foi definido como constitutivo dessas redações o que se passou a chamar de cronotopo da avaliação; foi verificada a conformação da dissertação de vestibular como gênero do discurso, na relação constitutiva com esse cronotopo; e foram consideradas as implicações do mesmo cronotopo para o ensino e a aprendizagem da escrita, especialmente quanto à retração da autoria. Na análise, foram selecionadas marcas linguísticas representativas do processo de produção das redações: dentre outras, formas de encantamento do leitor-avaliador o supradestinatário (BAKHTIN, 2015); a ausência de evidencialidade, dissimulada por um uso específico da modalidade (HALLIDAY, 2014); generalizações; e marcadores de esquiva da responsabilidade enunciativa. Como resultado, constatou-se que se coadunam três perspectivas: a de um modelo de educação forjado pela modernidade, de tradição racionalista em que predomina o conteudismo (ORLANDI, 2015) ; a do letramento autônomo (criticado por STREET, 2015) e a de um legado da educação privada, cujo caráter propedêutico no ensino de escrita aparece intimamente ligado a interesses mercadológicos. Toma-se, pois, como um dos resultados desta pesquisa, a proposição da noção de cronotopo da avaliação, formulada como o compósito dessas três perspectivas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, nesse cronotopo, a produção de texto e o ensino da escrita padecem de prejuízos e distorções, a mais importante, talvez, sendo a de, ao conceber o ensino por meio de gêneros do discurso, enfatizar a produção do aluno via modelos fixos (CORRÊA, 2013), abrindo espaço e legitimando a prática de retração da autoria. / This research investigates in 122 texts that simulate college entrance exams dissertations, written by pre-college students from a school in São Paulo the space-time features that constitute them. Taking the chronotope, a bakhtinian concept, as a starting point which is not the same as context and describes the inseparability between space and time in the texts and in the concrete life (BAKHTIN, 1998) , we study the intricate relation between subjects, school environment and its history. This relation assumes a language conception according to which subjects (talkers or writers) deal with language considering otherness, what also includes the link with the chronotope. From this more general concern, there are three specific goals: it was defined as constitutive of these texts what is called the evaluation chronotope; it was verified the constitution of college entrance exams dissertations as a genre of discourse, in the relation with this chronotope; at last, we considered the implications of this chronotope for teaching and learning of writing, especially in regards of authorship disencouragement. In the analysis, we selected linguistic traits that represent the text production: enchantment forms of the reader-evaluator the superadressee (BAKHTIN, 2015); the absence of evidence, suppressed by a specific modality use (HALLIDAY, 2014); generalizations; and markers of avoidance of enunciation responsibility. As results, we could observe that there are three convergent perspectives: an education model brought by modernity, that relates to rationality tradition in which we see what ORLANDI (2015) calls conteudismo (focus in the content) ; the autonomous literacy model (criticized by STREET, 2015) and the private education legacy, that focus in the preparation of students for the university and is strictly linked to marketing interests. These three perspectives, in intersection, configure the evaluation chronotope. The results indicate that, at this chronotope, the text production and writing teaching has distortions: the most important of these are the teaching through fixed models (CORRÊA, 2013), practice that is responsible for authorship disencouragement.

Notre travail, qui centre la représentation symbolique des quatre éléments (terre, eau, air, feu), part de l' « imagination matérielle » de Bachelard en vue d'établir une réflexion équilibrée autour de dynamiques dramaturgiques et littéraires (particulièrement Hugo et Shakespeare) en amont des opéras de Verdi pou r déboucher sur l'analyse de ces derniers, d'un point de vue littéraire et musical. À partir de la mythographie des quatre éléments, diverses figures du temps émergent des livrets verdiens et livrent un parcours symbologique thématique. Ainsi, l'héroïne de La Traviata est confrontée au temps qui fuit, rendu évident par la frénésie musicale du rythme. Au carpe diem impatient s'oppose alors l'émergence de l'amour inévitablement lié à la linéarité du temps de la destinée. Les feux de la passion se distinguent d'une image aérienne de Violetta, qui glisse d'une joie à l'autre en développant un rapport à plusieurs éléments. De manière similaire, une reconstruction analytique de Un ballo in maschera prouve que les personnages demeurent impuissants et superflus face à l'inflexible destin. Le temps accélère ensuite de façon soudainedans Rigoletto au sein d'une image aquatique. Dans cette œuvre, un chronotope de la crise d'empreinte bakhtinien entre en jeu, provoquant un renversement de la direction temporelle et une précipitation du temps imagée dans le rythme hippique du galop. Le temps cristallisé dans Don Carlos dérive pour sa part de l'expérience amoureuse des protagonistes qui se réfugient dans un temps réitérable par le biais du souvenir tandis qu'un autre souvenir igné annonce un retour du temps destructeur dans Il Trovatore. Mais un deuxième régime temporel linéaire où le feu est dévorant prend également forme dans cette œuvre sombre, débouchant sur un mouvement aérien qui est une fuite à la condition terrestre révolue des personnages amoureux. Enfin, les symboles d'un temps dévastateur porteur de mort, dégagés par les ténèbres, sont observables dans Macbeth et Otello, sous-tendus par un même substrat shakespearien. Lemoment de la chute ultime du héros est venu. Comme si l'insoluble tragédie de la source shakespearienne rencontrait par ce biais le pessimisme et le doute artistique d'un Verdi arrivé désormais à maturité. / Our work focuses on the symbolic representation of the four elements (earth, water, air, fire) startingfrom Bachelard’s “material imagination” and leading us to reflect upon the dramatic and literary dynamics(from Hugo and Shakespeare especially) upstream of Verdi’s operas in order to analyze them from a bothliterary and musical point of view. From the mythography of the four elements different figurations oftime emerge from the Verdian libretti and allow a symbologic thematic reading.Thus, the Traviata’s heroin is confronted with tempus fugit epitomized by the frenetic musicalrhythm. The impatient carpe diem then contrasts with the advent of love inevitably linked to time’s fatefullinearity. Fires of passion distinguish themselves from the ethereal image of Violetta gliding from one joyto the other playing on a palette of several elements. Similarly, an analytical reconstruction of theBallo in mascherawill prove that the characters are powerless and superfluous in front of inflexible fate. Timethen suddenly speeds up in Rigolettoin the midst of water imagery.In this work, Bakhtin’s “chronotope ofcrisis” comes into play, causing a reversal of the temporal direction and a precipitation of the passing oftime embodied in the horse’ gallop-like concluding rhythm. The crystallized time inDon Carlosoriginatesfrom the lovers’ experience, who find refuge in the repeatable time of memory whereas another memory,infused with fire symbols heralds a return of the devastating time ofIl Trovatore. But a second temporalsystem, linear, where fire is devouring, takes shape in this darker work, leading eventually to an etherealmovement of the lovers’ escape from their already-gone terrestrial condition. Finally, the devastating timebrings forth death inMacbethandOtello, which share an underlying Shakespearean substrate. Thencomes the final fall of the hero. As if the insoluble tragedy of the Shakespearean source met the intimatepessimism and artistic doubts of the mature Giuseppe Verdi. / Il nostro lavoro, che s'incentra sulla rappresentazione simbolica dei quattro elementi (terra, acqua, aria,fuoco), parte dall' «immaginazione materiale» di Bachelard in vista di stabilire una riflessione bilanciataintorno a dinamiche drammaturgiche e letterarie (in particolare Hugo e Shakespeare) a monte delle operein musica di Verdi per giungere all'analisi di queste da un punto di vista letterario e musicale. Partendodalla mitografia dei quattro elementi, diverse figure del tempo emergono dai libretti verdiani, svelando unpercorso simbolico tematico. Premesso ciò, l'eroina dellaTraviataè condannata da un tempo che fugge,reso evidente dalla frenesia musicale del ritmo. Alcarpe diemimpaziente si oppone allora l'emergeredell'amore inevitabilmente legato alla linearità del tempo e del destino. I fuochi della passione sicontraddistinguono dall'immagine aerea di Violetta, che scivola da una gioia all'altra sviluppando unrapporto con più elementi. Una ricostruzione analitica delBallo in mascheraprova che i personaggi sonodi fatto impotenti e superflui di fronte all'inflessibile destino. Il tempo accelera poi in modo repentino inRigolettoin seno ad un'immagine acquatica. In questa opera, un cronotopo della crisi d'improntabakhtiniana entra in gioco, provocando un ribaltamento della direzione temporale e una precipitazione deltempo resa nota dal ritmo ippico del galoppo. Il tempo cristallizzato diDon Carlosderiva, dal canto suo,dall'esperienza amorosa dei protagonisti che si rifugiano in un tempo reiterabile per via del ricordo mentreun altro ricordo igneo annuncia un ritorno del tempo distruttore nelTrovatore. Ma un secondo regimetemporale lineare dove il fuoco è insaziabile prende ugualmente vita in questa opera cupa, sfociando in unmovimento aereo che rappresenta una fuga dalla condizione terrestre dei personaggi innamorati. Infine, isimboli di un tempo devastatore messaggero della morte, liberati dalla tenebre, sono riscontrabili inMacbeth e Otello, supportati da uno stesso sostrato shakespeariano. È allora giunto il momento dellacaduta finale dell'eroe. Come se l'insolubile tragedia shakespeariana incontrasse il pessimismo e i dubbiartistici di un Giuseppe Verdi giunto ormai a maturità

In this essay Murakami Haruki’s novel The Wind Up Bird Chronicle was analysed from the perspective of Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the chronotope. The aim was to explore the concept of time and space as presented in the novel. In particular, the analysis focused on how Bakhtin’s chronotopes can be applied to The Wind Up Bird Chronicle, how the chronotopes can enhance our understanding of the novel, and finally how the chronotope theory can be applied to the concept of ‘magic realism’ that is often used to describe Murakami’s authorship. Four chronotopes, presented by Bachtin, were selected and applied to the novel: every-day life, the road, crisis and the castle. The concept of the chronotope allows analysis of how time and space work together in literature and how they form patterns of correlation in the sujet. Results showed that the four chronotopes were found in the novel, and that they also interacted with each other. The chronotope of everyday-life was apparent throughout the novel, and the narrator was under its control. The narrator also seemed to create every-day life out of the chronotopes of the road and crisis by re-living the crises in the road. These three chronotopes seemed inseparable in The Wind Up Bird Chronicle. Finally, the fourth chronotope, the castle, illustrated how a concrete room in the novel, a house, became a part of time and space through a character who, by his presence, gave the impression of slowing down time. When this character disappeared, time made its way through space, making the chronotope of the castle visible. The essay concludes that the chronotope theory was a relevant way to analyse The Wind Up Chronicle as it provided a concept of how time and space appeared together in a novel where time and space is always present. The analysis helped creating a way of understanding the patterns in the novel, which were not always clear, thereby also increasing the understanding of The Wind Up Bird Chronicle.