Climate change has often been framed as a global issue but slow progress in the global climate negotiations and an increasing need to plan for local adaptation have made it increasingly salient to also discuss the potential of other arenas for climate policy and knowledge production. This dissertation analyzes the interplay between science and policy at the international regional level based on a study of an assessment of the impacts of climate change in the Arctic. In this case, the regional arena brought new actors into climate knowledge production and policy with an increased emphasis on the complexity of social and cultural impacts of climate change among indigenous peoples. The dissertation also shows how the structure of regional political cooperation played a role in highlighting the Arctic as a bellwether for global change. Meanwhile, the political negations that were linked to the regional climate impact assessment were ruled by the same political dynamics and policy positions as the global climate negotiations. The process illustrates how the structure of international cooperation can influence knowledge production about climate change. The dissertation emphasizes the role of vertical interplay among political regimes and how new arenas can make an assessment salient, credible, and legitimate to different actors. It also highlights the political dimensions of focusing on particular spatial scales and governance levels in climate knowledge production and policy. / Klimatförändringarna har ofta gestaltats som en global fråga, men bristen på politiska åtgärder och ett ökande behov att anpassa samhället efter nya klimatförhållanden har gjort det alltmer angeläget att även undersöka vilka möjligheter ett regionalt perspektiv kan öppna för såväl klimatpolitik som kunskapsproduktion. Med utgångspunkt från en studie av en kunskapssammanställning av hur klimatförändringarna påverkar Arktis, analyserar avhandlingen samspelet mellan vetenskap och politik i ett internationellt regionalt samarbete. Studien visar att det regionala sammanhanget gav nya aktörer möjlighet att delta i både den internationella klimatpolitiken och kunskapsproduktionen om klimatförändringar. Det ledde bland annat till en betoning på att det fysiska klimatet är en av många faktorer som påverkar hur Arktis urbefolkningar kommer att drabbas av klimatförändringarna och att även kulturella och sociala faktorer spelar stor roll. Avhandlingen visar också på hur bilden av Arktis som en väckarklocka för de globala klimatförändringarna har vuxit fram ur strukturen för det politiska regionala samarbetet. De politiska förhandlingar som var kopplade till kunskapssammanställningen var däremot färgade av samma intressekonflikter som de globala klimatförhandlingarna. Processen illustrerar hur strukturerna för internationellt samarbete kan påverka kunskapen om klimatförändringar. Avhandlingen lyfter särskilt fram hur nya arenor för politiskt samarbete och det vertikala samspelet mellan politiska regimer på olika nivåer kan göra kunskap om klimatet angelägen, trovärdig och legitim för olika aktörer. Avhandlingen betonar också det finns politiska dimensioner i den skala man väljer för att studera klimatförändringarna.

Why is it that the international scientific consensus on climate change has not been followed by a proportionate policy response in Canada? Perhaps the relationships between the country’s science organizations and government agencies are not functioning properly. My research adopts an interdisciplinary approach (i.e. science studies and political science) to this issue, highlighting the relevant literature’s underlying consensus on co-production, a norm of deliberative two-way engagement between scientists and policy-makers. I hypothesize that relationships embodying elements of co-productive design (e.g. informal communication, appointed liaisons) are more likely to facilitate climate action. To test this, I examine three cases of climate science-policy partnership in Canada by interviewing participants from both sides. The partnership between the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium and BC municipalities exhibits substantial influence on policy, tied to a considerable degree of co-productive design. The partnership between the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions and the Climate Action Secretariat of the BC provincial government also displays notable design characteristics, but primarily facilitates side benefits and soft influences rather than concrete policy changes. The attempted partnership between the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the federal government exhibits few elements of co-productive design and has been effectively terminated, demonstrating the prerequisite importance of political interest. The relevant literature is not sufficiently nuanced to fully predict or explain these situations, so I put forward a new theoretical model. My science-policy relationship hierarchy (SPRHi) suggests that each such case can be classified as incidental interaction, basic partnership, interactive dialogue, or true co-production. It specifies the conditions which must be met for any given relationship to improve, maximizing potential benefits and influences. Concrete policy changes seem to result only from true co-production, though, which generally requires exceptional external requirements and thus cannot be deliberately facilitated. As such, co-productive design ultimately does not offer a clear way to address Canada’s climate inaction. I suggest that further research be conducted on international coordination mechanisms, public attitudes, and (especially) political leadership. However, the soft influences of science-policy partnerships may affect these broader factors in unpredictable ways, so the importance of co-productive design should not be underestimated. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaRamos.pdf: 43727 bytes, checksum: c77d058c27c77c2ee08261eeec54cc21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aims at analyzing the process of leadership in an organization that is network articulated for the co-production of common welfare. To achieve this proposal a case study was realized at Centro Cultural Escrava Anastacia, which is a non-governmental organization that has as mission the promotion of the integration of youth in the world of working experiences and the development of citizenship. The CCEA is network articulated to provide the social demands presented by the low income youth, which comes from all regions around Florianopolis, working in partnership with different social actors, including civil society, government, private companies and other non-governmental organizations. This study was oriented by the qualitative research methodology, considering the characteristics of the phenomenon and the objectives pursued. The exploratory case study was the method of investigation or research strategy. For the research implementation were involved in the process of data collecting the general coordination of the CCEA and other members of the CCEA who are in coordination positions in the projects included in the network, specifically at the projects that are being taken into execution in this period of time. They are: Projeto Aprendiz, Projeto Aroeira, Projeto Frutos do Aroeira e Projeto Incubadora Popular de Cooperativas. The research was systematically seeking, in a first moment, to describe and characterize the CCEA as a co-production network of common welfare, acting through its different projects and partners. From this perspective, it was found that the projects interact and cooperate with each other to achieve the greater goal of the organization, seeking to identify the demands of the youth who are participating in the activities of the projects, and build on a shared construction of their ideals. Within this network, it was studied the manner trough which the leadership process occurs beginning from the identification of a coordinators pattern conduct, which results in a model of leadership process based on the principles of the leader as a server. This process is oriented by values and principles identified in theoretical reference, which guided the interviews analysis. Based on this reality configuration, it was developed a common analysis about the performance of the coordinators of the projects, evidencing the leaders performance in a network that seeks to achieve common goals, sharing the objectives that support the existence of the CCEA / O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo da liderança em uma organização que se articula em forma de rede para a co-produção do bem público. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo no Centro Cultural Escrava Anastácia, organização não governamental cuja missão é promover a inserção do jovem no mundo de trabalho e a formação do cidadão. O CCEA se articula em forma de rede para suprir as demandas sociais apresentadas pelos jovens de baixa renda na região da grande Florianópolis, atuando em parceira com diferentes atores sociais, dentre eles a sociedade civil, o governo, empresas privadas e outras organizações não governamentais. O método que orientou o estudo foi o qualitativo, considerando as características do fenômeno e os objetivos pretendidos. Como modo de investigação ou estratégia de pesquisa definiu-se o estudo de caso, de caráter exploratório. Para a implementação da pesquisa foram envolvidos no processo de coleta de dados a coordenação geral do CCEA e outros membros do Centro que ocupam cargos de coordenação em projetos inseridos na rede, os quais se encontravam em execução no momento do estudo, quais sejam: Projeto Aprendiz, Projeto Aroeira, Projeto Frutos do Aroeira e Projeto Incubadora Popular de Cooperativas. A pesquisa foi sistematizada buscando-se, em um primeiro momento, descrever e caracterizar o CCEA enquanto rede de co-produção do bem público, atuando por meio de seus diferentes projetos e parceiros. Nessa perspectiva, verificou-se que os projetos interagem e cooperam entre si para atingir o objetivo maior da rede, buscando identificar as demandas dos jovens que estão participando das atividades dos projetos e construir de forma compartilhada os seus ideais. No âmbito dessa Rede, então, buscou-se estudar como ocorre o processo da liderança a partir da identificação de um padrão de conduta dos coordenadores, o qual resulta em um modelo de liderança pautado no princípio do líder servidor. Esse processo é orientado por valores e princípios identificados no referencial teórico, que serviram como base para a análise dos depoimentos dos sujeitos pesquisados. A partir dessa configuração da realidade, se estabeleceu uma linha de análise comum em torno da atuação dos coordenadores dos projetos, evidenciando-se a atuação como líderes em uma rede que busca alcançar objetivos comuns, compartilhando a produção dos fins que sustentam a existência do CCEA.

abstract: Cities are in need of radical knowledge system innovations and designs in the age of the Anthropocene. Cities are complex sites of interactions across social, ecological, and technological dimensions. Cities are also experiencing rapidly changing and intractable environmental conditions. Given uncertain and incomplete knowledge of both future environmental conditions and the outcomes of urban resilience efforts, today’s knowledge systems are unequipped to generate the knowledge and wisdom needed to act. As such, cities must modernize the knowledge infrastructure underpinning today’s complex urban systems. The principal objective of this dissertation is to make the case for, and guide, the vital knowledge system innovations that coastal cities need in order to build more resilient urban futures. Chapter 2 demonstrates the use of knowledge systems analysis as a tool to stress-test and upgrade the Federal Emergency Management Agency flood mapping knowledge system that drives flood resilience planning and decision-making in New York City. In Chapter 3, a conceptual framework is constructed for the design and analysis of knowledge co-production by integrating concepts across the co-production and urban social-ecological-technological systems literatures. In Chapter 4, the conceptual framework is used to analyze two case studies of knowledge co-production in the Miami Metropolitan Area to better inform decisions for how and when to employ co-production as a tool to achieve sustainability and resilience outcomes. In Chapter 5, six propositions are presented – derived from a synthesis of the literature and the three empirical cases – that knowledge professionals can employ to create, facilitate, and scale up knowledge system innovations: flatten knowledge hierarchies; create plural and positive visions of the future; construct knowledge co-production to achieve desired outcomes; acknowledge and anticipate the influence of power and authority; build anticipatory capacities to act under deep uncertainty; and identify and invest in knowledge innovations. While these six propositions apply to the context of coastal cities and flood resilience, most can also be useful to facilitate knowledge innovations to adapt to other complex and intractable environmental problems. Cities must move swiftly to create and catalyze knowledge system innovations given the scale of climate impacts and rapidly changing environmental conditions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2020

ForumCiv is an international development organization working to create a just and sustainable world where all people have the power to effect change. Through this online action research, a novel method to engage with for Environmental Justice (EJ) was introduced to ForumCiv.   A first iteration of the novel online methodology known as the Environmental Rights Toolkit (ERT) was carried out.  As action research, this project is concerned with theory and practice, understanding and change. The aim is to produce knowledge informing ForumCiv how to unpack EJ. The online method embraces a participatory paradigm, which is rights-based and equipped with the content from the three pillars of environmental democracy. Throughout this action research, the connection between key aspects of environmental democracy and environmental justice was outlined.  The results indicate a connection between environmental democracy and environmental justice.  Environmental democracy facilitates EJ in its different forms. EJ can be perceived as distributive environmental justice, procedural environmental justice, and environmental justice as recognition. These different forms are highly interrelated, therefore acting for one supports the realization of the other. Similarly, the decline of one lead to the decline of the others.  Engaging with the access rights can serve to modify power dynamics in certain contexts facilitating the fulfilment of one or more aspects of EJ. The insights from this action research can be seen under two perspectives, theory, and practice. The practice is supported by theory. A novel practice was introduced to ForumCiv and at the same time, this practice comes together with  visions from EJ. To further mainstream EJ in the work of the organization it is necessary that some key areas further integrate the conceptualizations made.

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) counseling for lung cancer screening is recommended by multiple professional societies and mandated by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services since lung cancer screening has both benefits and risks. However, uptake of SDM counseling as well as lung cancer screening itself remain low. We sought to develop educational text messages about lung cancer screening as an innovative implementation intervention tool to promote patient-provider discussion about lung cancer screening. Methods: After the study team drafted educational text messages about lung cancer screening, informed by existing decision aids, participants who had had lung cancer screening were recruited and asked to review and edit text messages. After that, participants eligible for lung cancer screening without the previous screening experience were recruited and were asked to select the messages to be included in this text message intervention. The final set of 14 text messages were delivered to the participants both with and without the previous lung cancer screening over a period of 14 days. Participants completed a telephone survey assessing their reactions to the messages after receiving the last message. Results: We successfully involved twelve participants with lung cancer screening experience and eleven lung cancer screening eligible participants without previous screening experience in the development of educational text messages about lung cancer screening. After one participant withdrew, 22 participants received text messages and completed the survey regarding the messages. Most participants (18 of 22) reported reading all 14 text messages, however most recommended sending fewer messages (median recommended number of messages = 10). Participants found the educational text messages informative. Only four participants reported the text messages triggered anxiety and two reported text messages disrupted their daily activities. Participants perceived the text messages would empower patients to discuss lung cancer screening with their providers. Conclusion: Participants generally supported the use of educational text messages about lung cancer screening to increase patients’ awareness and promote patient-provider discussion. Engaging patients in the development and evaluation of text messages elicited helpful feedback that will inform the content of the messages to be delivered via this lung cancer screening text messages intervention.

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas ca 13 000 personer varje år av hjärtstopp, där HjärtLungRäddning (HLR) är primär åtgärd för chans till överlevnad. Ställningstagande att inte utföra HLR på sjukhus benämns ”beslut om utebliven HLR”. Befogenhet till beslut angår legitimerade läkare, men sjuksköterskor är en viktig resurs. I samskapande omvårdnad utformas vård i samråd mellan patienter och yrkesutövare, vilket tydliggör patienters ställning i vårdsituationen. Sjuksköterskor behöver säkerhet i beslut gällande utebliven HLR för att undvika att orsaka omotiverat lidande hos patienter. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter vid beslut om utebliven HLR på somatisk vårdavdelning. Metod: Litteraturöversikten baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ metod. Litteratursökning utfördes i databaserna Cinahl samt Medline. Dataataanalys utfördes genom Fribergs analys i fem steg och inspirerades av Graneheim & Lundmans standardiserade modell.   Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tre huvudteman med tillhörande sub-teman. Huvudteman var Etik, Informationsutbyte samt Beslutsprocessen. Resultatet beskrev sjuksköterskors önskan att inte orsaka lidande samt att bevara patienters värdighet. En välinformerad patient ansågs förmögen för eget ställningstagande till beslut om utebliven HLR. Trots sjuksköterskors begränsade roll i beslutsfattandet beskrevs sjuksköterskors roll i uppmärksammande av förändringar i patienters status. Vidare beskrevs vikt av tydlig dokumentation, direktiv och riktlinjer. Slutsats: Trots nuvarande riktlinjer beskrivs sjuksköterskors osäkerhet vid beslut och vård av patienter med beslut om utebliven HLR. Vidare forskning, utveckling av PM och riktlinjer är nödvändigt för sjuksköterskors trygghet i sin yrkesutövning samt för främjande av patienters autonomi. / Background: In Sweden, approximately 13 000 people suffer cardiac arrest each year, where CardioPulmonaryResuscitation (CPR) is the primary measure for a chance of survival. A decision to not perform CPR in hospitals is referred to as a “Decision to not perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation”. The authority to make decisions about treatment restrictions concerns the authorized physician but nurses are important resources in the decision process. In the co-production of healthcare services, care is designed as a consultation between patients and professionals, which makes the patients ‘position clear. Nurses need certainty in their decisions to not perform CPR, to avoid causing unjustified suffering to patients.  Aim: To describe nurses’ experiences of caring for patients in the event of a decision of non-CPR in somatic care units.  Method: The literature review was based on 13 scientific original articles with qualitative methods. A literature search was performed in the databases Cinahl and Medline. Data analysis was performed with Friberg´s analysis in five steps and inspired by Graneheim & Lundman´s standardized model. Results: The results were presented in three main themes with associated sub-themes. The main themes were Ethics, Information exchange and Decision Process. The result described nurses ‘desire to not cause suffering and to preserve patients ‘dignity. A well-informed patient was considered capable of making their own decision about CPR. Despite nurses´ limited role in decision-making, nurses ‘role in noticing changes in patient´s status was described. Furthermore, the importance of clear documentation, directives and guidelines was described.   Conclusion: Despite current guidelines, nurses ‘uncertainty in the decision process and in the care of patients with decisions are described. Further research and development of PMs and guidelines are necessary for nurses ‘security in their work and for the promotion of patient autonomy.

There has been an increasing demand for commercial organisations to foster real-time interaction with customers, because harnessing customer competencies has been shown to be a major contributor towards various benefits, such as growth, innovation and competition. This may drive organisations to embrace the development of multimodal interaction and complement Electronic Customer Knowledge Management Systems (E-CKMS) with metaphors of audio-visual nature. Although the implementation of E-CKMS encounters several challenges, such as lack of trust and information overload, few empirical studies were devoted to assess the role of audio-visual metaphors, and investigate whether these technologies can be put into practice. Therefore, this thesis describes a comparative evaluation study carried out to examine the implication of incorporating multimodal metaphors into E-CKMS interfaces on not only usability of E-CKMS, but also the user¿s trust, knowledge and acceptance. An experimental E-CKMS platform was implemented with three different modes of interaction: Visual-only E-CKMS (VCKMS) with text and graphics, Multimodal E-CKMS (MCKMS) with speech, earcons and auditory icons and Avatar-enhanced multimodal E-CKMS (ACKMS). The three platforms were evaluated by three independent groups of twenty participants each (total=60) who carried out eight common tasks of increasing complexity and design based on three different styles. Another dependent group of forty-eight participants (n=48) was instructed to interact with the systems under similar usability conditions by performing six common tasks of two styles, and fill a questionnaire devised to measure the aspects of user acceptance. The results therein revealed that ACKMS was more usable and acceptable than both MCKMS and VCKMS, whereas MCKMS was more usable than VCKMS, but less acceptable. Inferential Statistics indicated that these results were statistically significant.

This thesis aims to explore possible alternatives to the current neoliberal development by developing, implementing, and analyzing one possible alternative way of framing participation. Working under the name of Fluke, I have co-developed a research project using participatory action research from the bottom-up that creates a more engaging and inclusive urban co-production process using play and games. By exploring this process from a practical perspective, I argue that playful co-design processes applied at the local scale have potential to allow people opportunities to ensure what Lefebvre calls the ‘right to the city’ — their right to be not only consumers, but also their right to become a co-producer of urban space.  Situating our action research in our student housing neighborhood of Stockholm, Sweden, I hope to articulate that urban co-design processes have the potential to explore the boundless possible urban futures in an inclusive manner. Within our process, we developed playful urban planning tools like a place analysis Easter Egg Hunt, a playful visioning workshop, and a place prototyping game. Through this five-month period, over 300 residents participated in different manners with the co-creation of a temporary festival exploring the possibilities of urban space: Lappis Summer Dream Day. Through this participatory exploration, we co-produce alternative valuations of urban space that fulfill social and creative needs, not just the needs of capital, to co-create what Hou (2018) calls the ‘new commons’.

Yes / Participation of community stakeholders in health research priority setting is an emerging trend. Despite this, the involvement of marginalised groups in research prioritisation is limited and where they are involved, sample sizes are small, where individuals are merely consulted with, rather than coproducing the research agenda. Without addressing power dynamics inherent in research prioritisation with marginalised groups, their engagement in the research process can be tokenistic and the resulting research agenda unreflective of their needs. This article, therefore, aims to generate knowledge on how feminist participatory action research was used to co-produce an obesity research agenda with British Pakistani women, a seldom heard population, living in deprived areas. The methodology enabled Pakistani women to be involved in all stages of the project, culminating in the co-production of an obesity research agenda that accurately reflects their unmet needs. Women’s engagement in the project led to their increased confidence, the formation of relationships that lasted beyond the research project, improvements to their lifestyles, and engagement in further research. Feminist participatory action research may be used by researchers as a guiding methodology due to its ability to improve women’s lives and develop research agendas for women’s health. / National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Yorkshire and Humber [NIHR200166], the UK Prevention Research Partnership (UKPRP) - [MR/S037527/1], the NIHR Clinical Research Network, NIHR ARC Yorkshire and Humber / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, Jul 2023.