Designers e profissionais de diversas áreas de conhecimento têm utilizado a Etnografia com o intuito de aproximar a teoria da realidade na qual pode ser aplicada. No processo de design, a Etnografia propõe uma forma empática de abordar pessoas em seu ambiente de vivência, auxiliando o designer a conhecer a realidade do grupo da forma mais natural possível. Assim, o designer torna-se mais propenso a compreender melhor o comportamento das pessoas e identificar necessidades reais a serem atendidas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar um Framework para auxiliar o designer na realização da pesquisa com usuários, utilizando métodos que partem de uma abordagem etnográfica para identificar as necessidades de um grupo de pessoas. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura abrangeu o estudo da Etnografia e sua aproximação com a disciplina de Design, concentrando-se, em seguida, nos métodos de pesquisa com usuários. A partir disso, foi possível estabelecer categorias de métodos que se baseiam em diferentes formas de participação do usuário na pesquisa, incluindo métodos comumente aplicados em pesquisas de Marketing, métodos provenientes da Etnografia e métodos com influência do Co-design. Após a revisão de literatura, deu-se início ao desenvolvimento do Framework para Pesquisa com Usuários, realizado em três momentos. Inicialmente, foram definidas as etapas que compõem a pesquisa com usuários; em seguida, foram definidos os manuais e livros utilizados como fontes de referência; por fim, realizou-se uma triagem para selecionar os métodos de pesquisa com usuários. A triagem foi dividida em quatro etapas (listagem, mapeamento, agrupamento e seleção), abrangendo 337 métodos retirados das fontes de referência. Ao final, foram selecionados 45 métodos caracterizados a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica e agrupados de acordo com as categorias estabelecidas. O resultado deste estudo é composto por sugestões sobre importantes aspectos a serem considerados durante a pesquisa com usuários e pelo “Framework para Pesquisa com Usuários”, estruturado em três etapas (Planejar, Coletar, e Organizar), que contém as sugestões elaboradas de forma resumida e os métodos passíveis de aplicação, em conformidade com o objetivo de cada etapa. / Designers and professionals from various fields of knowledge have been used Ethnography in order to bring the theory for the reality in which it can be applied. In design process, Ethnography proposes an empathic manner to approach the user in its context, assisting the designer to know people’s life in the most natural way as possible. Thus, the designer becomes more likely to better understand people’s behaviour and identify real needs to be addressed. This research aimed to develop a Framework to assist the designer in conducting users research, using methods based on an ethnographic approach in order to identify real needs of a group. For such purpose, the literature review covered the study of Ethnography and its approximation with Design discipline, focusing then on methods for users research. From this, it was possible to establish categories of methods that are based on different forms of user participation in research, including methods generally used in Marketing research, methods from Ethnography, and methods influenced by Co-design. After the literature review, the development of the Framework for Users Research was performed in three moments. Initially, the steps of user research were defined; then the manuals and books used as reference sources were defined; and finally, a screening for select methods of user research was carried out. The screening was divided into four stages (listing, mapping, grouping, and selection) including 337 methods taken from reference sources. A whole of 45 methods were selected and characterized from an ethnographic approach, then they were grouped according to the established categories. The result of this study is composed by suggestions about important aspects to be considered during the user research; and by the “Framework for Users Research” structured in three stages – Planning, Collecting, and Organizing, that contains the suggestions briefly and the methods that can be applied in accordance with the purpose of each stage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Hardware/software co-design é uma metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento de sistemas digitais compostos por componentes de software e por componentes de hardware, que possibilita obter um drástico ganho de produtividade no desenvolvimento de tais sistemas. Este ganho de produtividade pode ser utilizado na exploração de diversas alternativas de solução, a fim de se conseguir melhorar a qualidade e reduzir o custo do projeto final. Com o recente crescimento da utilização de sistemas embarcados distribuídos, os projetistas têm cada vez mais utilizado ambientes de hardware/software co-design que suportem esta categoria de projetos. O co-design de sistemas embarcados distribuídos é uma tarefa ainda mais desafiadora, pois cada fase da metodologia tem que considerar as restrições físicas impostas pelas características distribuídas destes sistemas. Um dos desafios do co-design de sistemas embarcados distribuídos está na geração de comunicação entre processos alocados em diferentes sistemas embarcados. Trata-se de uma tarefa tediosa, propícia a erros e que consome bastante tempo quando não é realizada automaticamente, pois, a cada nova situação a ser analisada, a ausência de uma ferramenta de auxílio ao projeto força o projetista do sistema a refazer todos os parâmetros que são dependentes da aplicação e customizar os subsistemas de comunicação de maneira a refletir a nova arquitetura a ser analisada. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um ambiente que gere automaticamente uma biblioteca de componentes de comunicação para sistemas embarcados que estão distribuídos. O sistema deve suportar projetos de diferentes escalas e com topologia qualquer. Para tanto, foi definido um modelo de comunicação, foi proposta uma arquitetura de rede para a qual o sistema deve gerar os componentes de comunicação e foi realizado o desenvolvimento de uma biblioteca de componentes de comunicação com especificações de implementação em hardware e em software, que suportam inclusive comunicação através da Internet. Como resultado do trabalho, foi implementado um sistema de geração automática de componentes de comunicação, GCCom, que oferece suporte ao desenvolvimento de projetos de sistemas embarcados distribuídos

Introduction: Patient-centred communication is vital to ensure a good patient experience in the emergency department. Visits to the emergency department leave patients disillusioned regarding the communication experienced and this increases patient dissatisfaction. There is a need to put the "patient" back in communication in order to make it more patient-centred and provide the patient the opportunity to voice their individual needs pertaining to patient-centred communication. The aim of the study was to co-design patient-centred communication in an emergency department. In order to reach the aim of the study the following objectives were set: To explore current communication in an emergency department as experienced by patients and healthcare professionals. To collaboratively co-design strategies to enhance patient-centred communication in an emergency department. Research design and methods: An Experience-based Co-design has been used. Unstructured observation was done to observe existing communication in the emergency department. Patients have told their stories through narrative-based film interviews and healthcare professionals have been interviewed to share their experiences regarding communication in the emergency department. The observation notes and interviews have been shared during a Co-design event. Patients and healthcare professionals have collaboratively analysed the data to identify key touch points and co-design strategies to enhance patient-centred communication in the emergency department. Results: Three (3) key touch points were identified namely; professionalism, communication and daily focus. The patients and healthcare professionals were equal partners to change the communication culture in the emergency department to be more patient-centred. This may lead to positive patients' experiences with an increase in patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The ultimate goal of this study was to raise awareness relating existing communication in the emergency department and collaboratively plan strategies to work towards patient-centred communication. / Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Nursing Science / MCur / Unrestricted

Runt om i världen svälter människor, samtidigt som mat slängs. Det är inte hållbart ur varken social, ekologisk eller ekonomisk synvinkel. Brödgruppen är en fristående del av Asylgruppen i Malmö, som jobbar med att ta hand om det bröd som dagligen slängs från kaféer och bagerier i Malmö. Brödet delas sedan ut till personer som behöver, ofta genom olika mötesplatser som jobbar med personer som är nyanlända i Sverige på ett eller annat sätt. Brödgruppen arbetar med självorganisering och många medlemmar har själva erfarenhet av flykt. Jag har hjälpt brödgruppen i sitt arbete genom framtagandet av en visuell identitet samt en hemsida. Projektet syftar att underlätta kommunikationen både internt och externt för organisationen. Min roll var att som designer använda mig av så hållbara designmetoder som möjligt för att leda ett co-design projekt med gruppens medlemmar. / People are starving worldwide, while food is wasted and thrown away as garbage. This is neither socially, ecologically or economically sustainable. Brödgruppen is a detached part of Asylgruppen in Malmö, who made it their job to take care of bread otherwise thrown away from cafés and bakeries in Malmö. The bread is then handed out to people in need, often through different venues for newly arrived swedes. Brödgruppen works in a self-organized manner, meaning many of its members have experience as a refugee them selves. I helped Brödgruppen in their work through developing a visual identity and a website for them. The project aims to favor both internal and external communication for the organisation. My roll as a designer was to use as sustainable design methods as possible to lead a co-design project with the members of the group.

In today’s world music streaming is the most dominant form of music consumption. Introducing platform capitalism to music streaming has changed the music commodity and its effects serve as a motivation for this thesis. The role of emotions in music listening is explored and design research is conducted to find unmet latent needs of users in respect to the emotional side of music.  Semi-structured user interviews are used to understand how users relate music to their emotional lives. Co-design workshops are conducted to identify unmet user needs and feelings. The data is analysed inductively and results treated through the theoretical lenses of emotional design (Norman D. (2003)) and psychological ownership theory (Pierce J.L., Kostova T., & Dirks K. Y., (2003)). The main themes generated by the research show that users want -- to know their music and their music service to know them; new ways to feel music, relive the “first time”; to connect music to their emotional and personal lives; to control music more easily. These findings motivate and inform the design of a conceptual artefact.

Utformningen av grafiska kommunikationshandlingar grundar sig ofta på en grafisk designers konstnärliga och intuitiva förmåga, vilket skapar litet till inget utrymme för inkludering av användaren i utvecklingen av en designlösning. Samtidigt tar användarcentrerade metoder en allt större plats inom design och designforskning, ett område där grafisk design verkar ligga efter andra designpraktiker. Denna uppsats bygger på frågeställningen: hur kan grafiska designers inkludera användare som medskapare i en designprocess? Uppsatsen utforskar tillämpningen av användarcentrerade designmetoder och syftar till att utveckla kunskap om hur en grafisk designer kan samarbeta med sina användare i utvecklingen av en grafisk designlösning. Genom tillvägagångsätt såsom Participatory Design och Co-design anordnades en sammankomst för gemensam utforskning av gränssnittsdesign. Designdrivna aktiviteter för kunskapsproduktion tillämpades i medskapandet med potentiella användare. Undersökningen visar på att användarna kunde känna sig som medskapare av information, men att ytterligare utveckling av workshopens aktiviteter är aktuellt för att de ska känna sig som medskapare av en artefakt. Undersökningen påvisar också att kunskapsutveckling krävs för att den grafiska designern ska ha den kompetens som behövs för att utforma och leda en sammankomst för gemensam utforskning, vilket kan ske om liknande användarcentrerade designmetoder introduceras redan under studietiden. / Graphic design concepts often seem to rely on the graphic designers’ artistic talent and intuitive abilities, offering little to no space for including end-users in the graphic design process. At the same time, human centered design is at a peak of interest within the field of design research, an aspect in which graphic design seems to be lagging behind. The research question in this essay is `how can graphic designers include end-users as co-creators in a design process?´. The essay explores the practice of human centered design and aims to develop knowledge about how graphic designers can collaborate with end-users in the development of graphic design concepts. Through approaches such as Participatory Design and Co-design a workshop within collaborative exploration was arranged and held. Design driven activities for the production of knowledge were explored. The study shows that the end-users were able to feel like co-creators of information, but that further development of the activities applied in the workshop is needed for the end-users to feel like co-creators of an artefact. The study also shows that in order for the graphic designer to be able to arrange and facilitate a workshop for collaborative exploration, the graphic designer needs further knowledge about human centered design. This knowledge could be provided during the time of study.

This report studies three storytelling subprojects within the field of cultural heritage to see how storytelling, co-design and cultural heritage can strengthen immigrants’ personal identity and contribute to their socio-cultural integration. It also aims to examine what factors contribute to a successful collaboration. The subprojects about local homeland culture include filmmaking with newly arrived children at Skövde Municipality’s mother tongue and reception unit, a storytelling project at Hjo folk high school and a digital book of recipes and stories within Cross media higher vocational education program at DaCapo in Mariestad Municipality. To answer the research questions semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants, potential users, and professionals. Additionally, a survey was carried out with participants of one of the subprojects.

This project is a site-specific ethnographic study of a culture around a community water tank that serves as a value-driven piece of architecture and has become an inconspicuous tourist attraction in the city of Växjö due to its peculiar acoustic property. At the onset, I draw parallels between an ancient underground temple called the Hypogeum located in Malta, where the physical dimensions of the space similarly shaped sensorial experiences in more nuanced ways than conventional architecture of its time. The core of my work here has three explorative angles. One, where I embark on interdisciplinary research approaches, to conduct field studies and investigate ways to empirically test how the physical properties of spaces shape cognitive impressions. A crucial need to express spirituality within an academic framework is proposed and a method of non-intentional design (NID) is introduced as my driving process for the study. Two, as a digital story, I conduct interviews and make the culture of this space visible to the public through an instagram account called #echoingawareness. And three, I present some of my experience building this slow and steady relation with the local municipality with a proposal to provide space on the urban planning table for bottom-up approaches where voices from such sacred spaces can be made more inclusive. I hope this could be a useful resource as a transdisciplinary study for future planning of urban architecture and design.

This work deals with designing a library of processor models used in embedded systems. Processor architectures are described using the ISAC language. The ISAC language is one of several outcomes of the Lissom project that is taking place at the Faculty of Information Technology, BUT, Brno. The beginning of this work is aimed to provide the introduction to processor architectures used in today's embedded systems. Remaining sections are devoted to presentations of exemplary processor architectures and the description of their implementation. This work is finalized by concluding the gathered experience with emphasis on the suitability of the ISAC language for architecture description and the efficiency of its simulation.

Bakgrund: Patienters ställning har stärkts genom Patientlagen som trädde i kraft första januari 2015 och betonar patientens delaktighet i vården. Trots detta är patientens ställning oförändrad eller till och med något försvagad efter lagens införande.   Syfte: Förbättringsarbetets övergripande syfte var att öka hemsjukvårdspatienternas delaktighetsupplevelse. Det specifika syftet var att ta reda på vad patienter, anhöriga och personal ansåg viktigt för delaktighetsupplevelsen i vården och utifrån det formulera och testa förbättringsförslag. Studiens syfte var att beskriva deltagande personers erfarenheter av medverkan i ett förbättringsarbete med metoden Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD).   Metod: Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes enligt Nolans förbättringsmodell och EBCD. Kvantitativ datainsamling skedde genom en enkät före och efter förbättringsarbetet. Studien av förbättringsarbetet är en kvalitativ fallstudie och baseras på fokusgruppsintervjuer. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och abduktiv ansats.   Resultat: Förbättringsarbetet visade förbättrade delaktighetsupplevelser efter sex månaders förbättringsarbete och att den sammantagna nöjdheten med delaktigheten ökade. Studien visar att EBCD bidrar till olika grader av delaktighetsupplevelser beroende på vilka steg man deltar i och att metoden genererar förståelse och drivkraft hos personal. Metoden möjliggör även att se vården utifrån patientens perspektiv.   Slutsats: Förbättringsarbetet medförde lärande även om det mätbara målet inte uppnåddes. Att tillämpa EBCD hade stor betydelse då det påverkade de medverkandes motivation. / Background: Patients’ position and participation is strengthened through the Swedish Patient Act that came into force January 2015. Nevertheless, the patients’ position remains unchanged or slightly weakened.   Purpose: The overall purpose with the improvement work was to increase the patients' participation experience. The specific purpose was to discover what patients, relatives and staff considered to be important for experiencing participation and together formulate and test improvement ideas. The purpose of the study was to describe participants' experiences of using Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD). Method: Nolan's improvement model and EBCD was used as improvement methods. The study is a qualitative case study, based on focus group interviews. To analyse the interviews a qualitative content analysis with an abductive approach was used. Results: Result showed improved participation experiences and that the overall satisfaction of participation increased. The study shows that EBCD contributes to different levels of participation experiences depending on what steps one participates in and that EBCD generates understanding and motivate staff. The method makes it possible to see the care from the patient's perspective. Conclusion: The improvement work resulted in learning even though the SMART goal was not achieved. Applying EBCD was of great importance as it affected the participants' motivation.