Esta pesquisa investigou o processo de significação docente de professoras participantes do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa do Ensino e Aprendizagem da Matemática na Infância (Gepeami) em situação de formação contínua desenvolvida por meio da parceria entre a universidade e a Secretaria de Educação de um município do interior paulista. O estudo fundamentou-se na teoria histórico-cultural e desenvolveu-se mediante o método do materialismo histórico e dialético, envolvendo os participantes do grupo: a formadora, as professoras de educação infantil e dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental e os estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação. Nosso objetivo geral foi compreender a relação entre a aprendizagem das professoras ao participarem da atividade formativa no/pelo Gepeami e a atribuição de sentidos pessoais ao desenvolverem ações de trabalho docente, pois partimos do princípio de que há uma relação entre as ações formativas e a significação docente. Para tanto, definimos os modos generalizados de ação docente (MGAD) como nosso objeto de estudo por considerá-los o elo entre o pensamento das professoras e suas condutas nas formações no/do Gepeami que pudessem evidenciar a significação docente por meio da expressão verbal, oral e/ou escrita das professoras. Propusemos uma questão nuclear: os MGAD estruturam e revelam a relação entre significado social e sentido pessoal do professor no trabalho docente? Analisamos que, conforme os MGAD foram revelados, revelou-se também o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico das professoras. Compreendemos que as professoras, ao aprenderem sobre os conhecimentos matemáticos e a organização do ensino nos pressupostos da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino (AOE), desenvolveram novas estruturas do pensamento que lhes possibilitaram modificar sua consciência e personalidade, orientadas para uma personalidade coletiva. Nossos objetivos específicos centraram-se em: a) caracterizar o contexto teórico e prático do processo formativo realizado no/pelo Gepeami; b) compreender em que medida esse grupo coletivo constituiu espaço de desenvolvimento de professores; c) identificar situações desencadeadoras favoráveis à aprendizagem docente. A coleta e produção dos dados ocorreram por meio de filmagens dos encontros formativos, caderno de campo e transcrição e elaboração dos quadros de análise. Orientada pelos princípios do trabalho como atividade de desenvolvimento humano, da intencionalidade pedagógica na organização do ensino e no desenvolvimento do trabalho coletivo, nossa análise buscou ressaltar as ações favoráveis à aprendizagem docente e potencialmente geradoras de significação para os sujeitos envolvidos. Os resultados evidenciaram que as ações de estudo, de escrita do material didático (produzido pelo grupo), de planejamento das tarefas de ensino e de trabalho coletivo, orientadas ao desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico docente, além de possibilitarem o desenvolvimento da consciência e da personalidade do professor, também revelaram o Gepeami com características de grupo que possui institucionalidade e estabilidade / This research investigated the process of teaching significance of teachers participating in the Group of Studies and Research of Teaching and Learning of Mathematics in Childhood (Gepeami) in a situation of continuous formation developed through the partnership between the university and the Education Department in a city located in the state of Sao Paulo. The study was based on historical-cultural theory and developed through the method of historical and dialectical materialism, involving the participants of the group: the teacher, nursery school teachers and early elementary school students and undergraduate and graduate students. Our general objective was to understand the relationship between the teachers\' learning when participating in the formative activity in / by Gepeami and the attribution of personal senses when developing teaching work actions, since we assume that there is a relation between the formative actions and the signification teacher. To that end, we defined the generalized modes of teaching activity (MGAD) as our object of study, considering them the link between the teachers\' thinking and their behaviors in the Gepeami formations that could show the teacher\'s meaning through verbal expression, oral and / or written. We have proposed a main question: do the MGAD structure and reveal the relationship between social meaning and the personal sense of the teacher in the teaching work? We analyzed that, as the MGAD were revealed, it also revealed the development of the theoretical thought of the teachers. We understand that teachers, by learning about mathematical knowledge and the organization of teaching in the presuppositions of the Teaching Activity of Teaching (CEA), have developed new structures of thought that enabled them to modify their consciousness and personality, oriented to a collective personality. Our specific targets were: a) to characterize the theoretical and practical context of the training process carried out in / by Gepeami; b) to understand to what extent this collective group constituted a space for the development of teachers; c) identify enabling situations favorable to teacher learning. The data collection and production took place through the filming of the training meetings, the field and transcript and the preparation of the analysis tables. Following the principles of \"work as a human development activity\", \"pedagogical intentionality in the organization of teaching\" and the development of \"collective work\", our analysis sought to highlight the actions favorable to teacher learning and potentially generating significance for the subjects involved. The results evidenced that the actions of study, writing of didactic material (produced by the group), planning of teaching tasks and collective work, oriented to the development of theoretical teaching thought, besides enabling the development of the consciousness and the personality of the Professor, also revealed the Gepeami with characteristics of group that has institutionality and stability

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliana Allbarrans Leite.pdf: 1267899 bytes, checksum: 6b571c0cd90fde89546e8c76a3278099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study object of the present research is the Curricular Reform of the State of São Paulo, implanted in the administration 2007-2010 in the state public net, in its encounter with a school unit. Without giving voice to the schools and the teachers, the new curriculum was implanted in a climate of a lot of dissatisfaction of the ones that act at the public schools of the state net. With the speech of warranty of a common base of knowledge and competences, for the schools to work as a net, the official curriculum was implanted firstly as proposal, consolidating as official curriculum in the beginning of 2010. In this context, this research had for objective to understand the process lived by the Fênix School State with the implantation of the Program São Paulo Does School, for the government from São Paulo in the administration 2007-2010. In the development of the research, we tried to understand how the construction of the curriculum happened for the school, in the context of implantation of an unified curriculum. Besides understanding as the teachers, main actors in Curricular Reform‟s implementation, exercise their educational autonomy and the Curricular Reform‟s impact in the Political-Pedagogic Project of the school, we also looked for to infer the way as the school is organized interfered in the impact of that education reform. The qualitative research also used documents and academic bibliography on the theme. The data collection grew through the technique of focal group. The results appeared, in the case of the school analyzed, that the impact of the Curricular Reform of the State of São Paulo (administration 2007-2010) was negative, provoking rupture in the collective work of the school and in the educational autonomy. It is waited, with this study, to take to the Fênix School and the net a text that aids the reflection in the direction of the construction of their collective / O objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa é a Reforma Curricular do Estado de São Paulo, implantada na gestão 2007-2010 na rede pública estadual no seu encontro com uma unidade escolar. Sem dar voz às escolas e aos professores o novo currículo foi implantado num clima de muito descontentamento dos que atuam nas escolas públicas da rede estadual. Com o discurso de garantia de uma base comum de conhecimentos e competências, para que as escolas funcionem efetivamente como uma rede, o currículo oficial foi implantado a principio como proposta, se consolidando como currículo oficial no inicio de 2010. Nesse contexto a pesquisa desenvolvida teve por objetivo compreender o processo vivido pela Escola Estadual Fênix com a implantação do Programa São Paulo Faz Escola, pelo governo paulista na gestão 2007-2010. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa procuramos compreender como se deu a construção pela escola de seu currículo no contexto de implantação de um currículo unificado. Além de entender como os professores, principais atores na implementação da Reforma Curricular, exercem sua autonomia docente e o impacto da Reforma Curricular no Projeto Político Pedagógico da Escola, buscamos também depreender se o modo como a escola está organizada interferiu no impacto dessa reforma educacional. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou-se também de documentos e bibliografia acadêmica sobre o tema. A coleta de dados desenvolveu-se através da técnica de grupo focal. Os resultados apontaram no caso da escola analisada que o impacto da Reforma Curricular do Estado de São Paulo (gestão 2007-2010), foi negativo provocando ruptura no trabalho coletivo da escola e na autonomia docente. Espera-se, com este estudo, levar à Escola Fênix e à rede um texto que auxilie a reflexão na direção da construção do seu coletivo

Les nouveaux besoins en matière de soins et de prise en charge des patients ont contribué à la création des réseaux de santé. En plein développement, ils font partie intégrante du paysage du système sanitaire français. L’impact, pour les professionnels de santé, du travail en réseau fait aujourd’hui l’objet de plusieurs recherches et résultats contrastés, mais a peu été étudié du point de vue de la Psychologie Sociale, du Travail et des Organisations. Cette thèse a pour objectifs d’une part, de décrire les effets de la participation à un réseau de santé au niveau des pratiques professionnelles et au niveau de la santé psychique au travail, et d’autre part, d’examiner les variables et processus pouvant rendre compte de la variabilité de ces effets. Cette recherche privilégie une approche du réseau de santé comme un lieu potentiel de socialisation et de personnalisation (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973) pour les professionnels qui en font partie La recherche sur le terrain a été réalisée en collaboration avec le réseau de santé ville-hôpital RéPPOP Midi-Pyrénées (Réseau Prévention et Prise en charge Obésité Pédiatrique) qui a la particularité de fonctionner sur la base de Trios/Duos de partenaires pour la prise en charge de l’enfant. Autour du médecin référent, ces partenaires peuvent être des diététicien(ne)s, des psychologues, des kinésithérapeutes… Nous posons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les effets de l’appartenance à un réseau de santé varient en fonction de variables individuelles (ancienneté de l’appartenance au réseau de santé et motivations initiales d’adhésion) et de variables organisationnelles (structuration en Duo/Trio et liens avec l’équipe de coordination du RéPPOP Midi-Pyrénées). Pour autant, une variable-clé, susceptible de moduler ces relations, sera placée au centre de notre recherche : la dynamique collective des Trios/Duos, analysée en référence aux concepts de « travail collectif », « collectif de travail » et « activité collective » (Caroly, 2010).Une étude par entretiens semi-directifs de recherche a été menée auprès de 20 professionnels libéraux et membres du réseau RéPPOP Midi-Pyrénées répartis en 4 Trios et 4 Duos. L’analyse des données a permis de caractériser trois types de dynamiques collectives différenciées quant aux ressorts du travail collectif, aux étayages du collectif de travail et à l’orientation intra-RéPPOP ou hors-RéPPOP de l’activité collective. Les résultats permettent d’appréhender comment chacune peut influer sur la relation entre transformation des pratiques et évolution de la santé psychique. De nouvelles perspectives de recherche et d’action auprès des partenaires du réseau sont proposées à l’issue de ces analyses. / The new needs as regards care and taking charge of patients have contributed to the creation of health networks. As they are growing fast, they are an integral part of the French sanitation system. The impact, on the health professionals, of networking is, today, the object of contrasted research and results, but has little been studied as far as Social Psychology, Work and Organizations are concerned. The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, to describe the effects of the participation to a health network where professional practices and psychic health at work are concerned and, on the other hand, to examine the variables and process accounting for the variability of these effects. This research privileges an approach to the health network as a place of socialization and personalization (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973). The research on the ground is carried out in collaboration with the health network town-hospital RéPPOP Midi-Pyrénées (Prevention and Taking charge of Pediatric Obesity Network) , which has the specificity to work on the basis of Trios/Duos of partners to take charge of children. Those partners can be doctors, dieticians, psychologists, physiotherapists… However , another key-variable, able to moderate these relationships, will be taken into account : the collective dynamics will be analyzed according to the theoretical concepts of “collective work”, “working collective” and collective activity (Caroly, 2010).We assume that the effects of being part of a health network vary according to individual variables ( length of time in the health network and initial adhesion motivations ) and to organizational variables ( structuring in Trios/Duos and links with the coordination team of the RePPOP Midi-Pyrénées ). Which will be modulated by the functioning dynamics between partners of the Trio/Duo. In a clinical approach, we have carried out semi-guided interviews with twenty private professionals and members of the RePPOP Midi-Pyrénées network, divided into 4 Trios and 4 Duos. The data analysis enabled us to characterize three kinds of collective dynamics, distinguished on collective work resources, working collective stayings and collective activity orientation. The results show how each pattern can have an influence on the relationship between practices changes and psychological health evolution. The results have enabled us to identify new explanatory elements of the variability due to belonging to a health network which supports research and application prospects on the ground next to the concerned professionals.

Cette recherche vise à étudier les processus de transformation du « sale boulot » en « bel ouvrage » et ce en privilégiant la problématique de la reconnaissance de soi au travail, entendue comme résultant d’une tension entre les « usages de soi ». La division morale du travail à l'hôpital ordonne les tâches, mais aussi les métiers autour d’une répartition clivant les activités au service de la vie et les activités au service de l’épuration des traces de la mort. L’ investigation part de la notion de « sale boulot » et analyse les traces de cette division morale et psychologique du travail, ici celles qui se réfèrent à des activités de confrontation à la mort.Le cadre théorique retenu articule l’éclairage anthropologique et historique du traitement de la mort dans la société et dans l’hôpital, le concept de négatif psychosocial comme analyseur de la hiérarchisation morale du travail et la reconnaissance de soi, discutée par les théories de la clinique du travail. Ici, l’activité est l’unité d’analyse fondamentale et le collectif de travail est conceptualisé comme espace transitionnel où les usages de soi sont dialectalisés. Les activités analysées et comparées sont les Interruptions Médicales de Grossesse (IMG) et les Interruptions Volontaires de Grossesse (IVG) dans une unité de gynécologie ainsi que celles d’accompagnement de la fin de vie en équipe mobile de soins palliatifs. La méthodologie s’inscrit dans la tradition de la recherche action et s’appuie sur l’observation-participante et la conduite d’entretiens semi-structurés auprès de soignants et de leur encadrement. Les résultats de cette recherche sont présentés selon trois axes : la hiérarchisation morale des unités, des professionnels et des activités est articulée aux stratégies défensives collectives, aux idéologies de métier: elles contribuent à la définition et à la délégation du « sale boulot » dans l’organisation du travail. Le deuxième axe présente les différentes configurations groupales en fonction de la sollicitation d’affects archaïques dans les activités, liant ou déliant les collectifs de travail. Des stratégies de dégagement ont été identifiées : elles ouvrent la voie à la construction des trames symboliques qui permettent de domestiquer les résonances fantasmatiques de la confrontation avec « l’objet » de travail, la mort et ses équivalents symboliques, la maladie, la vieillesse, la déficience, la perte, le manque ... La capacité d’instituer de nouvelles normes et de se reconnaître dans son travail puise dans des configurations collectives fondées sur des règles partagées. Dans les cas de défaillances du collectif de travail, le recours aux ressources trans-individuelles permet de subvertir le négatif en travail estimable : elles renvoient au travail de civilisation, dans ses différentes dimensions. / This research aimed at studying the process of transformation of “dirty work” into “commendable work”. This was done by highlighting self-recognition at work, understood as the result of self-agency tensions. Work moral division at the hospital organizes tasks as well as careers through the separation of life-preserving related activities from death-reminiscence related ones. The research focuses on the notion of “dirty work” and analyzes, through death-related activities, work’s moral and psychological division.The theoretical framework used articulates anthropological and historical views on how modern society and thereby, the hospital deals with death; intertwining theories derived from “work’s clinical psychology” with the concept of psychosocial negative, analyzer of both work’s moral hierarchy and self-recognition. Herein, activity is the fundamental unit of analysis and the “collective work arrangements” are conceptualized as transitional space for the emergence of self-agency dialectics. The activities analyzed and compared are medical termination of pregnancy, abortion at the gynecological unit and accompanying the dying at the palliative care mobile team. The method subscribes to the action-research tradition, whereby participant-observation and semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers as well as chief-nurses were used. The results of this research are presented under three main axes: Firstly, the moral hierarchization of the medical units, of the professions and of the activities is articulated to the collective defense strategies as well as to professional ideology, which contribute to the definition and to the banishment of “dirty work”, thus structuring the organization of work itself. Secondly, the different group configurations are a function of archaic affects emerging from dealing with death-related activities. These may involve, but also encumber healthcare professionals, thus disorganizing the “collective work arrangements”. Strategies to disengage were identified: they open up to symbolic resources which allow restraining fantasmatic resonance induced by the confrontation of the object of their work, i.e. death, and its symbolic equivalents, disease, old-age, deficiency, loss… Moreover, the capacity to institute new norms and to recognize oneself while working has its bearing on collective configuration founded upon shared norms. Finally, should “collective work arrangements” fail to be created, trans-individual resources are called upon to subvert negative into estimable work, based on the different dimensions of “Civilization work”.

The aim was to investigate how different types of work identity (personal/collective) predict two types of self-esteem (personal/organizational). A digital survey was sent out to different organizations within the public sector. The survey was based on four well established instruments, and were answered by 64 persons (age M = 39.1, SD = 12.5). In line with one of our hypothesis it was shown that collective compared to personal work identity in higher degree predicted organizational based self-esteem. There was also a weak tendency to significant result indicating that personal compared to collective work identity in higher degree predicted personal self-esteem. In sum, results are in line with previous research reporting that the way we see our self-worth is reflected by the way others think of us.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Negreiros VF Maio.pdf: 2477029 bytes, checksum: feae8a3ecd8aabaf57ef66c5a77fb99f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research had as its background the history, laws and action programs nationwide on the subject of ethnicity and race relations. The central focus of the study were the educational practices of teachers of Basic Education, specifically the socio-educational schools in the municipal schools in the city of Sao Bernardo do Campo. To do so, under the law 10639/2003 amending Law of Directives and Bases and included the history and african-Brazilian culture in the curriculum of formal education, we analyzed which justified the development of educational projects on this theme for about 400 teachers in the years 2008 and 2009, when there was no significant investment by the Department of Education with respect to the subject. From a qualitative approach of interpretative nature, questionnaires were given to teachers to learn what motivated them to implement projects and the role of training in this context. It was further investigated how the teaching practices have contributed to the discussion of the school paper (problematizing / playback) in relation to the implementation of the Law 10639/03. The survey found that the training processes in its different modalities can be an important trigger for the development of significant works on the theme of relations étnico-raciais. It also emphasized the importance of the laws mentioned, if not to resolve the issue of invisibility of African history and its contributions to Brazilian history and culture, also contribute to the problematization of race relations and show new ways to reduce the great differences existing social within schools in Brazil. / Esta pesquisa teve como pano de fundo a história, as legislações e ações de âmbito nacional referentes ao tema das relações étnico-raciais. O foco central de estudo foram as práticas educativas de professores da Educação Básica, especificamente na realidade sócio-educacional de escolas públicas da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Bernardo do Campo. Para isso, à luz da lei 10.639/2003 que alterou a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e incluiu a história e cultura afrobrasileira no currículo oficial de ensino, analisou-se o que justificou o desenvolvimento de projetos pedagógicos sobre essa temática por aproximadamente 400 professores nos anos de 2008 e 2009, período em que não havia investimentos significativos da Secretaria de Educação no que se refere ao tema. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza interpretativa, foram aplicados questionários aos professores, para saber o que motivou a realização dos projetos e o papel da formação nesse contexto. Analisou-se, ainda, como as práticas docentes têm contribuído para a discussão do papel da escola (problematizadora /reprodutora) em relação à implementação da Lei 10639/03. A pesquisa constatou que os processos de formação em suas diferentes modalidades podem ser um importante disparador para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos significativos sobre a temática das relações étnico-raciais. Evidenciou, ainda, a importância das leis mencionadas, se não para resolver a questão da invisibilidade da história da África e suas contribuições para a história e cultura brasileira, para contribuir também na problematização das relações raciais e apontar novos caminhos para redução das grandes diferenças sociais existentes no interior das escolas brasileiras.

Orientador: Andréia Galvão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T00:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malerba_PauloEduardoSilva_M.pdf: 1464540 bytes, checksum: 147cb2a11e592554e1fa46383b13a8d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A dissertação discute as dimensões do trabalho do setor financeiro no Brasil. A partir da reestruturação capitalista no último quarto do século XX podem-se observar profundas alterações no segmento financeiro nacional, especialmente entre meados dos anos 80 e a década de 90. A atuação de Organismos Multilaterais Internacionais e do Estado Brasileiro foi fundamental para esta nova formatação. Novas tecnologias de informática e telecomunicações, bem como a chamada racionalização do trabalho, baseada na flexibilização da contratação e remuneração e no reposicionamento negocial dos bancos produziu profundas alterações nas relações de trabalho. A terceirização de atividades anteriormente realizadas dentro dos bancos colaborou decisivamente na redução drástica da categoria bancária. Novas práticas de controle do trabalho, através da telemática, intensificaram o trabalho bancário. A remuneração variável vinculada ao desempenho dos funcionários e das unidades ampliou uma concepção individualista de rendimentos, que não passa totalmente pela negociação coletiva dos sindicatos. Ocorre aumento significativo de trabalhadores que prestam serviços terceirizados aos bancos e, em última instância, colaboram para o resultado das grandes Instituições Financeiras atuantes no país. Entretanto, tais trabalhadores foram divididos em diversas categorias de trabalhadores e estão excluídos das negociações coletivas realizadas pelos bancários, cujos dados indicam que são amplamente as mais vantajosas do setor. A terceirização está presente tanto em atividades tidas como acessórias, no caso de limpeza e vigilância, quanto em atividades-fim dos bancos, isto é, a intermediação de negócios financeiros e atendimento ao consumidor bancário. Foram detectadas inúmeras experiências diferentes de remuneração e garantias ao trabalhador do setor financeiro. Este processo de fragmentação dos trabalhadores do setor em diversas empresas terceirizadas e categorias distintas, além da alta rotatividade e da falta de segurança ao emprego no país, dificultam a atuação sindical e enfraquecem os mecanismos de proteção do trabalhador. A atuação, histórico e filiação ideológica destas entidades sindicais também são diferenciadas. No entanto, apesar de iniciativas para buscar unidade na representação destes trabalhadores, a estrutura sindical e os interesses corporativos de muitos sindicatos continuam reforçando a fragmentação sindical neste segmento. Desta forma, dificulta-se a organização mais articulada e estruturada destes trabalhadores para enfrentar as condições precarizadas de trabalho / Abstract: The dissertation discusses the dimensions of the work in the financial sector in Brazil. From the capitalist restructuring in the last quarter of the twentieth century can be seen profound changes in the domestic financial sector, especially among mid-80s and 90s. The involvement of international multilateral organizations and the Brazilian government was key to this new format. New technologies of information and telecommunications, as well the called rationalization of work, based on the flexibility of hiring and the negocial reposition of banks has led to profound changes in labor relations. The outsourcing of activities previously performed within the banks contributed decisively to the drastic reduction in the banking category. New practices of labor control, through telematics, intensified the work of banking. The variable remuneration linked to performance of employees and units increased an individualistic conception of income, which is not totally part the union's collective bargaining. Analyzing the profile of the banking category, it is observed that the increase of qualification, but does not necessarily reflect the tasks of everyday work. There is a persistence diferences of gender and ethnicity, both with regard to wages and admissions in the sector. Women still earn less than men in the various hierarchical levels and are a minority in the directions of the banks. The category contains proportionately fewer blacks relative than the Economically Active Population (PEA) and they receive lower salaries than whites. There is an increase of the workers who provide outsourcing services to banks that, ultimately, collaborate to the outcome of major financial institutions operating in the country. However, these workers were divided into different categories of employees and are excluded from collective bargaining conducted by bankings, whose data indicate they are widely the most viable negotiation. Outsourcing is present in activities regarded as accessory, in the case of cleaning and monitoring, but is present too in the core activities of banks, ie intermediation of financial affairs and banking customer service. It were Identified many different experiences of the employee compensation and the guarantees for the worker of financial sector. This process of fragmentation of the sector workers in differents employers and categories, in addition to high turnover and lack of employment security in the country, hamper the union activity and become weak the mechanisms of protecting the worker. The atuation, historic and affiliations ideological of these entities are differents too. However, despite efforts to seek unity in the representation of these workers, the union structure and the corporate interests of many unions continue strengthening the union fragmentation in this segment. Thus, this situation difficults the articulation more structured and organized of these workers to address the precarious conditions of work / Mestrado / Trabalho, Movimentos Sociais, Cultura e Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

Trata-se de pesquisa em que se procura investigar a natureza da organização do trabalho na escola, mais precisamente, a partir do eixo de desenvolvimento de um trabalho coletivo que coloca em relação os diferentes sujeitos envolvidos no processo de educação. Busca-se desvelar os elementos que conduzem à construção desse tipo de trabalho que possibilita o desenvolvimento de um projeto de educação calcado numa prática educativa verdadeiramente democrática e cidadã que se constitua significativa no processo de formação dos educandos. A análise do tema em questão envolveu pesquisa documental e empírica, com observações das atividades desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da escola entre si nos momentos destinados ao trabalho coletivo e com os alunos bem como a realização de entrevistas individuais com representantes dos diferentes segmentos da unidade escolar. O texto expõe as possibilidades e os entraves para o desenvolvimento do trabalho coletivo na escola a partir da análise das políticas públicas municipais engendradas para tal fim, das condições objetivas de trabalho da escola, da existência de uma cultura escolar que se vem estruturando ao longo da história da educação, da construção de sentido do trabalho coletivo para os diferentes sujeitos da escola, do papel da formação dos educadores e do projeto pedagógico para a constituição desse tipo de trabalho. Com base nas referências teóricas fornecidas por Karl Marx, Sánchez Vázquez, Karel Kosik, Illich Rubin e Harry Braverman faz-se uma análise do significado do conceito de trabalho de modo geral e na sociedade capitalista em particular e sobre o significado da práxis humana; a partir das contribuições de Gramsci, Bobbio e Rousseau faz-se uma discussão sobre o papel do Estado e as características fundamentais para a construção de uma sociedade democrática para a qual a educação das futuras gerações deve assumir um papel destacado. Na área de educação as referências teóricas que contribuíram para a reflexão engendrada pela presente pesquisa foram, principalmente, os textos de Makarenko, Pistrak, Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroyo, Pérez Gómez, Gimeno Sacristán e Vitor Paro na medida em que esses autores constroem um arcabouço teórico importante no tocante à necessidade de uma educação democrática que contribua para a formação dos sujeitos humano-históricos apresentada e defendida pela presente pesquisa. / It is regarding the searching that demands to investigate the nature of working organization in school, more accurately, from the axis of development of a collective work that puts in relation the different subjects involved in the trial of education. It seeks be uncovered the elements that conduct to the construction of that kind of work, that enables the development of a project of education based on truly democratic educational practice and citizen that be constituted significant in the trial of formation of the students. The analysis of the subject involved empirical and documentary research, with observation of the activities developed by the professionals of the school between itself in the moments destined to the collective work and with the students as well like the achievement of individual interviews with representatives of the different segments of the school. The text exposes the possibilities and difficulties for the development of the collective work in the school from the evaluation of the municipal public policies engendered with these purposes, of the real conditions of work in the school, by the existence of a school culture that itself comes structuring to the long one of the history of the education, by the meaning attributed about collective work for different persons of the school, of the formation role of the educators and the pedagogical project for the constitution of that kind of work. On the basis of the theoretical references supplied by Karl Marx, Sánchez Vázquez, Karel Kosik, Illich Rubin and Harry Braverman does itself an examination of the meaning of the general work concept and in the society capitalist in particularly and about the meaning of the human praxis; since of the contribution from Gramsci, Bobbio and Rousseau there is an argument about the responsability of the Government and the fundamental features for a construction of a democratic society, at all the process of education of the future generations should assume a noticeable function. In the educational area the theoretical references that contributed to the reflection engendered by the present research were, mainly, the texts of Makarenko, Pistrak, Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroyo, Pérez Gómez, Gimeno Sacristán and Vitor Paro because these authors construct an important legate about the needed of a democratic education that contributes for the formation of the human-historical subjects presented and defended by the present searching.

Apresento, nesta pesquisa, um breve panorama sobre a complexidade da escola pública, suas regulamentações, diretrizes e reformas que levaram à municipalização do Ensino Fundamental I anos iniciais em São Bernardo do Campo. Em 1998 um novo Estatuto do Magistério desta rede municipal foi publicado, sendo que o princípio da gestão democrática nas escolas municipais levou à criação de funções de professores de apoio, com o objetivo de incluir parceiros do diretor para partilhar a gestão escolar. Para a coordenação pedagógica foi criada a função de Professor de Apoio Pedagógico - PAP, considerando que a formação universitária em pedagogia e dois anos de docência seriam pré-requisitos suficientes para o desempenho dessa função. Estudos e pesquisas revelam a complexidade da coordenação pedagógica, especialmente na coordenação do Projeto Político Pedagógico-PPP que implica na formação contínua de professores em serviço, no âmbito da unidade escolar. Esse contexto me levou a questionar, nesta pesquisa: a) se os PAPs quando assumem essa função têm, de fato, condições para coordenar o trabalho político-pedagógico das escolas; b) se a função de coordenação pedagógica não exige saberes que passam pela docência, mas vão além dela; c) se a base teórico-metodológica da coordenação pedagógica é a docência e práticas pedagógicas que a incluem, mas vão além dela; d) se os cursos de Pedagogia têm conseguido êxito na formação inicial de professores polivalentes e ao mesmo tempo pedagogos para exercerem as funções de gestores nas escolas. Para tratar desse tema, convidei um grupo de cinco Professoras de Apoio Pedagógico para participarem de Círculos de Debates, no decorrer dos anos de 2007 e 2008, inspirados nos Círculos de Cultura, idealizados por Paulo Freire. A dialética em Freire parte da realidade concreta dos sujeitos para problematizar seu mundo por meio do diálogo crítico, compreendendo a Educação como forma de intervenção no mundo. Com base nessa fundamentação teórica, o objetivo central da pesquisa foi favorecer reflexões críticas das PAPs sobre a educação escolar no e pelo trabalho realizado efetivamente por elas, contribuindo com o aperfeiçoamento da coordenação pedagógica para o fortalecimento do PPP, tendo em vista melhor qualificar o ensino e a aprendizagem dos alunos. Nesse sentido, foi possível configurar a pesquisa numa abordagem qualitativa de intervenção, que assim pode se caracterizar como pesquisa-ação, constituindo-se em espaço formativo para as PAPs que, num processo de ação-reflexão-ação, exercitam a curiosidade epistemológica e constroem conhecimentos para intervir na realidade, na perspectiva da democratização quantitativa e qualitativa do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nos Círculos de Debates, enquanto releitura ou reinvenção da proposta de Freire, pudemos identificar certas contradições na organização da Educação escolar e nas ações pedagógicas que ocorrem nas escolas, construindo e sistematizando saberes considerados necessários para favorecer processos de mudança. / A brief overview of the complexity of estate school is presented in this research including its regulations, policies and reforms, which led to the decentralization of the Elementary School early years in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. In 1998 a new municipal Teaching Statute system was published. As a result, influenced by democratic management principles, new roles were created aiming to support teachers, with the purpose of including headmasters partners so that the school management could be shared. For pedagogical coordination was created the Educational Support Teacher (PAP) position, based on the fact that a two-year as teacher in Elementary School and university degree in Pedagogy would provide sufficient requirements to perform this function. Studies and surveys have displayed the complexity of teaching coordination, particularly when this professional is assigned the responsibility for coordinating the training of teachers in service in the school unit. This context led me to question in this study: a) whether the PAPs are actually able to coordinate the political-educational work in schools, b) if the pedagogical coordinating role does not require knowledge beyond teaching skills, c) if the pedagogical coordination theoretical and methodological basis are only teaching practices, d) if pedagogy courses have been successful in the initial training of classroom teachers and, at the same time, make them able to perform the duties of managers in schools. In order to deal with this issue, a group of five teachers of Educational Support (PAP) were invited to take part in debate circles during 2007 and 2008, inspired by the Cultural Circles developed by Paulo Freire, whose dialectic starts from the reality of the subjects to problematize it through critical dialogue, understanding education as means of intervention in the world. With this theoretical basis, the main purpose of this study was to promote among those teachers (PAPs) critical thinking on school education and its relations to the work they have performed contributing to the improvement of teaching coordination to strengthen the schools political and pedagogical project in order to better qualify the teaching and student learning. Thus, it was possible to set the research as a qualitative approach of intervention, so that it may be characterized as action research, becoming a forming ground to PAPs where through a process of action-reflection-action they were able to exercise their epistemological curiosity and to build knowledge to intervene in reality, within a perspective of quantitative and qualitative democratization of the teaching and learning process. In the debate circles as \"rereading\" or \"reinvention\" of Freires proposals it was possible to identify certain contradictions in both school education organization and pedagogical practices that occur in schools, building and systematizing knowledge regarded necessary for the coordinator to help with educational changing processes.

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T15:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lourdes Helena Rodrigues dos Santos_Tese.pdf: 1773237 bytes, checksum: db592652d158ddabbadaa5c253d3a120 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T15:44:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lourdes Helena Rodrigues dos Santos_Tese.pdf: 1773237 bytes, checksum: db592652d158ddabbadaa5c253d3a120 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T21:48:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lourdes Helena Rodrigues dos Santos_Tese.pdf: 1773237 bytes, checksum: db592652d158ddabbadaa5c253d3a120 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T21:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lourdes Helena Rodrigues dos Santos_Tese.pdf: 1773237 bytes, checksum: db592652d158ddabbadaa5c253d3a120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-09 / Sem bolsa / Esta pesquisa trata sobre as interações que decorrem da atuação docente de um grupo de professoras na disciplina de Teoria e Prática de Ensino, do Curso Normal Habilitação em Anos Iniciais, do Colégio Municipal Pelotense, em Pelotas, RS. A curiosidade por compreender como o processo de trabalho pedagógico coletivo é produzido, sentido e percebido pelas professoras fez parte da motivação que deu origem a investigação desta pesquisa. Para tanto, busquei nos referenciais teóricos de Porto (2003), Damiani, Porto e Schlmmer (2009), Penteado (2002) subsídios sobre o trabalho coletivo/colaborativo e nos estudos sobre os saberes docentes, propostos por Tardif (2012), Gauthier et al (1998) e Nóvoa (1992; 2002; 2004). Os dados foram obtidos através dos documentos da escola, do diário de campo da pesquisadora, das fotografias, das gravações de áudio, das transcrições dos encontros do grupo focal e dos registros escritos das professoras pesquisadas. A investigação apresenta características de estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico e a interpretação dos dados seguiu os princípios da análise de conteúdo. Na análise dos dados, emergiram quatro categorias: a colaboração entre os pares, os embates e conflitos, os saberes produzidos no trabalho coletivo e a movimentação dos professores no trabalho coletivo. A pesquisa revelou que as interações estabelecidas entre as professoras são permeadas por ações colaborativas, exercício da escuta ao outro, trocas de afetos, experiências, aprendizagens e produção de saberes. Além disso, o trabalho permitiu-lhes rever a sua constituição de professora no exercício da experiência docente coletiva, na busca de formas e maneiras que contemplem as atuações específicas para este universo de sala de aula. / This research focuses on interactions resulting from the teaching practice of a group of a teachers in the subject of Teaching Theory and Practice, from the Regular Course Qualification in Initial Years, at Colégio Municipal Pelotense, in Pelotas, RS. The curiosity concerning the understanding of how the process of collective pedagogical work is produced, felt and noticed by the teachers was part of the motivation which led to the investigation of the present research. In order to do so, I studied the theotetical approaches by Porto (2003), Damiani, Porto and Schlmmer (2009), Penteado (2002) and found information on collective/collaborative work and in studies about teaching knowledge, proposed by Tardif (2012), Gauthier et al (1998) and Nóvoa (1992; 2002; 2004). The data was obtained from school documents, from the researcher?s field diary, pictures, audio recordings, transcriptions of the meetings involving the focus group and from written records from the researched teachers. The investigation presents characteristics of ethnographic study case and the interpretation of data followed the principles of content analysis. In the data analysis four categories arose: the collaboration between the pairs, the confrontations and conflicts, the knowledge produced in the collective work and the movement of the teachers in the collective work. The research revealed that the interactions established by the teachers are permeated by collaborative actions, the practice of listening to the other ones, exchange of affection, experiences, learning and production of knowledge. Besides this, the work enabled them to review their work as teachers in the practice of the collective teaching experience, searching for forms and ways which can result in specific actions for the classroom universe.