Esta tese de doutorado trata do trabalho docente coletivo realizado pelos professores de educação física (PEFI) da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). Na dissertação de mestrado que conclui no ano de 2003 identifiquei que os PEFI construíam suas práticas educativas de maneira isolada e que não percebiam o trabalho coletivo proposto no projeto pedagógico como algo possível de ser realizado. A partir desta interpretação começou a se delinear o problema de pesquisa que foi formulado da seguinte maneira: Como os PEFI concebem e constroem o trabalho docente coletivo e quais são as possibilidades e os limites com relação a essa construção em duas Escolas Municipais de Porto Alegre? Assim, inicio este estudo apresentando o referencial teórico sobre trabalho docente coletivo tratando de situar o problema de investigação formulado em um contexto mais amplo – conjuntural. Dessa forma, revisei pensamentos sobre a globalização e a pós-modernidade, ou a contemporaneidade e seus marcadores no cotidiano complexo e dinâmico. Revisei, também, a articulação entre o individual e o coletivo na sociedade contemporânea e textos sobre o trabalho, o trabalho docente e o trabalho docente coletivo com o intuito de aproximar leituras do âmbito educacional sobre o tema de pesquisa. Os caminhos metodológicos que percorri para dar conta do problema de investigação foram a realização de uma etnografia em uma escola em que houve indicação da existência de trabalho docente coletivo e uma autoetnografia na escola onde leciono. O trabalho de campo foi realizado de setembro de 2006 até janeiro de 2008. O processo de coleta das informações foi iniciado com a análise de documentos. Já em contato com as escolas, empreguei a observação participante, a participante observação, registros em diário de campo, diálogos, entrevistas e questionários. Da análise das informações coletadas foram construídos três capítulos e cinco categorias de análise: “Histórias de vida e histórias de escola”; “É difícil, mas dá para fazer. Nós fazemos”; “Vivendo, sentindo e aprendendo com a violência”; “Procurando trabalho coletivo encontrei-me perdido entre gestão e o grupo” e “Entre utopias e furacões”. A investigação realizada permitiu compreender que há aspectos que facilitam e outros que limitam a construção de trabalho docente coletivo pelos PEFI da RMEPOA. / This doctoral thesis is the collective work done by teachers teaching physical education (PEFI) of the Municipal Network of Education of Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). In a master's dissertation which concludes in 2003 identified that PEFI built their educational practices so isolated and do not know the collective work proposed in the educational project as something can be done. From this interpretation began to outline the problem of research that was formulated as follows: How do PEFI design and build the teacher collective work and what are the possibilities and limits with regard to that construction on two Municipal Schools of Porto Alegre? So beginning this study showing the theoretical reference work on collective teacher trying to locate the problem of research formulated in a broader context - cyclical. Thus, revisei thoughts on globalisation and post-modernity, or the contemporary and its markers in the daily complex and dynamic. Reviewed, too, the relationship between the individual and the collective in contemporary society and texts on the work, the teaching work and teaching work collectively in order to bring the scope readings on the topic of educational research. The paths that methodological percorri to give account of the problem of research were conducting a ethnography in a school where there were indications of the existence of collective work and a autoetnografia teacher at the school where leciono. Field work was carried out September 2006 through January 2008. The process of gathering the information was initiated with the analysis of documents. Already in contact with schools, empreguei the participant observation, the participant observation, daily records in the field, dialogues, interviews and questionnaires. From the analysis of information collected were built three chapters and five categories of analysis: "Stories of life and stories of school"; "It is difficult, but you can do. We do "," Living, learning about and experiencing violence "," Looking for collective work I met lost between management and the group "and" Between utopias and hurricanes. " Research has to understand that there are aspects that facilitate and others that limit the construction of teaching work collectively by the PEFI RMEPOA. / Esta tesis doctoral es el trabajo colectivo realizado por los profesores de enseñanza de educación física (PEFI), de la Red Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). En una disertación de maestría que concluye en 2003 identificó que PEFI construyeron sus prácticas educativas de manera aislada y no saben el trabajo colectivo se propone en el proyecto educativo como algo que se puede hacer. A partir de esta interpretación comenzó a esbozar el problema de la investigación que se formuló de la siguiente manera: ¿Cómo PEFI diseñar y construir el trabajo colectivo de profesores y cuáles son las posibilidades y los límites en cuanto a que la construcción de dos escuelas municipales de Porto Alegre? Por lo tanto, a partir de este estudio que muestra el trabajo teórico de referencia en colectivo docente tratando de localizar el problema de investigación formulado en un contexto más amplio - cíclica. Por lo tanto, revisei reflexiones sobre la globalización y la post-modernidad, o los contemporáneos y sus marcadores en el diario complejo y dinámico. evisado, también, la relación entre lo individual y lo colectivo en la sociedad contemporánea y textos sobre la obra, el trabajo docente y la enseñanza de trabajar colectivamente con el fin de poner al alcance lecturas sobre el tema de la investigación educativa. Los caminos que percorri metodológica para dar cuenta del problema de investigación estaban realizando una etnografía en una escuela donde había indicios de la existencia de trabajo colectivo y una autoetnografia profesor en la escuela donde leciono. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo Septiembre de 2006 hasta enero de 2008. El proceso de recogida de información se inició con el análisis de los documentos. Ya en contacto con las escuelas, empreguei la observación participante, la observación participante, diario en el campo, diálogos, entrevistas y cuestionarios. Del análisis de la información reunida se construyeron tres capítulos y cinco categorías de análisis: "Historias de vida e historias de la escuela"; "Es difícil, pero se puede hacer. Lo hacemos "," Vivir, aprender y experimentar acerca de la violencia "," Buscando trabajo colectivo me encontré perdido entre la dirección y el grupo "y" Entre las utopías y los huracanes. " La investigación tiene que entender que hay aspectos que facilitan y otros que limitan la construcción de la enseñanza de trabajar colectivamente por el PEFI RMEPOA.

Esta tese de doutorado trata do trabalho docente coletivo realizado pelos professores de educação física (PEFI) da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). Na dissertação de mestrado que conclui no ano de 2003 identifiquei que os PEFI construíam suas práticas educativas de maneira isolada e que não percebiam o trabalho coletivo proposto no projeto pedagógico como algo possível de ser realizado. A partir desta interpretação começou a se delinear o problema de pesquisa que foi formulado da seguinte maneira: Como os PEFI concebem e constroem o trabalho docente coletivo e quais são as possibilidades e os limites com relação a essa construção em duas Escolas Municipais de Porto Alegre? Assim, inicio este estudo apresentando o referencial teórico sobre trabalho docente coletivo tratando de situar o problema de investigação formulado em um contexto mais amplo – conjuntural. Dessa forma, revisei pensamentos sobre a globalização e a pós-modernidade, ou a contemporaneidade e seus marcadores no cotidiano complexo e dinâmico. Revisei, também, a articulação entre o individual e o coletivo na sociedade contemporânea e textos sobre o trabalho, o trabalho docente e o trabalho docente coletivo com o intuito de aproximar leituras do âmbito educacional sobre o tema de pesquisa. Os caminhos metodológicos que percorri para dar conta do problema de investigação foram a realização de uma etnografia em uma escola em que houve indicação da existência de trabalho docente coletivo e uma autoetnografia na escola onde leciono. O trabalho de campo foi realizado de setembro de 2006 até janeiro de 2008. O processo de coleta das informações foi iniciado com a análise de documentos. Já em contato com as escolas, empreguei a observação participante, a participante observação, registros em diário de campo, diálogos, entrevistas e questionários. Da análise das informações coletadas foram construídos três capítulos e cinco categorias de análise: “Histórias de vida e histórias de escola”; “É difícil, mas dá para fazer. Nós fazemos”; “Vivendo, sentindo e aprendendo com a violência”; “Procurando trabalho coletivo encontrei-me perdido entre gestão e o grupo” e “Entre utopias e furacões”. A investigação realizada permitiu compreender que há aspectos que facilitam e outros que limitam a construção de trabalho docente coletivo pelos PEFI da RMEPOA. / This doctoral thesis is the collective work done by teachers teaching physical education (PEFI) of the Municipal Network of Education of Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). In a master's dissertation which concludes in 2003 identified that PEFI built their educational practices so isolated and do not know the collective work proposed in the educational project as something can be done. From this interpretation began to outline the problem of research that was formulated as follows: How do PEFI design and build the teacher collective work and what are the possibilities and limits with regard to that construction on two Municipal Schools of Porto Alegre? So beginning this study showing the theoretical reference work on collective teacher trying to locate the problem of research formulated in a broader context - cyclical. Thus, revisei thoughts on globalisation and post-modernity, or the contemporary and its markers in the daily complex and dynamic. Reviewed, too, the relationship between the individual and the collective in contemporary society and texts on the work, the teaching work and teaching work collectively in order to bring the scope readings on the topic of educational research. The paths that methodological percorri to give account of the problem of research were conducting a ethnography in a school where there were indications of the existence of collective work and a autoetnografia teacher at the school where leciono. Field work was carried out September 2006 through January 2008. The process of gathering the information was initiated with the analysis of documents. Already in contact with schools, empreguei the participant observation, the participant observation, daily records in the field, dialogues, interviews and questionnaires. From the analysis of information collected were built three chapters and five categories of analysis: "Stories of life and stories of school"; "It is difficult, but you can do. We do "," Living, learning about and experiencing violence "," Looking for collective work I met lost between management and the group "and" Between utopias and hurricanes. " Research has to understand that there are aspects that facilitate and others that limit the construction of teaching work collectively by the PEFI RMEPOA. / Esta tesis doctoral es el trabajo colectivo realizado por los profesores de enseñanza de educación física (PEFI), de la Red Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). En una disertación de maestría que concluye en 2003 identificó que PEFI construyeron sus prácticas educativas de manera aislada y no saben el trabajo colectivo se propone en el proyecto educativo como algo que se puede hacer. A partir de esta interpretación comenzó a esbozar el problema de la investigación que se formuló de la siguiente manera: ¿Cómo PEFI diseñar y construir el trabajo colectivo de profesores y cuáles son las posibilidades y los límites en cuanto a que la construcción de dos escuelas municipales de Porto Alegre? Por lo tanto, a partir de este estudio que muestra el trabajo teórico de referencia en colectivo docente tratando de localizar el problema de investigación formulado en un contexto más amplio - cíclica. Por lo tanto, revisei reflexiones sobre la globalización y la post-modernidad, o los contemporáneos y sus marcadores en el diario complejo y dinámico. evisado, también, la relación entre lo individual y lo colectivo en la sociedad contemporánea y textos sobre la obra, el trabajo docente y la enseñanza de trabajar colectivamente con el fin de poner al alcance lecturas sobre el tema de la investigación educativa. Los caminos que percorri metodológica para dar cuenta del problema de investigación estaban realizando una etnografía en una escuela donde había indicios de la existencia de trabajo colectivo y una autoetnografia profesor en la escuela donde leciono. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo Septiembre de 2006 hasta enero de 2008. El proceso de recogida de información se inició con el análisis de los documentos. Ya en contacto con las escuelas, empreguei la observación participante, la observación participante, diario en el campo, diálogos, entrevistas y cuestionarios. Del análisis de la información reunida se construyeron tres capítulos y cinco categorías de análisis: "Historias de vida e historias de la escuela"; "Es difícil, pero se puede hacer. Lo hacemos "," Vivir, aprender y experimentar acerca de la violencia "," Buscando trabajo colectivo me encontré perdido entre la dirección y el grupo "y" Entre las utopías y los huracanes. " La investigación tiene que entender que hay aspectos que facilitan y otros que limitan la construcción de la enseñanza de trabajar colectivamente por el PEFI RMEPOA.

Il semble admis aujourd'hui, tant dans les discours d’entreprise, la littérature managériale et de conseil que dans les études scientifiques, que la performance des organisations repose essentiellement sur la capacité à innover, à constituer une intelligence collective, à capitaliser sur les savoirs et pratiques des collaborateurs dans une société de l’information. Pour cela, les plateformes collaboratives de type réseau social d’entreprise (RSE) se déploient massivement afin d’offrir un outil performant pour la formalisation, la centralisation et la gestion des connaissances. Elles s’inscrivent dans la continuité des transformations des organisations vers des organisations collaboratives, dans le sens où la collaboration désigne un mode d’activité collective où les interactions se font directement, sans intermédiaire, par opposition à la coordination extérieure des tâches. Cependant, la collaboration au sein de communautés en ligne semble à première vue relativement spécifique et cela pour deux raisons. Premièrement parce qu’il s’agit de pratiques collaboratives se référant à un idéal communautaire dans un contexte organisé, hiérarchisé avec des règles instituées. Deuxièmement, il s’agit de pratiques collaboratives spécifiques parce qu’il s'agit d’une collaboration animée et que les problématiques d’animation sur les communautés en ligne semblent être prioritaires pour permettre et assurer la collaboration. En effet, le rôle du community manager, manager / animateur / gestionnaire de la communauté virtuelle apparaît comme central dans les stratégies de collaboration en organisation et cela non seulement dans le lancement, l’alimentation, l’incitation à la logique collaborative, derrière l’apparence de spontanéité et de prise en main par les acteurs, mais également et de façon plus structurelle, dans l’instrumentalisation marketing et managériale de la socialisation. / Today it seems to be commonly recognized in corporate communication, business publications, as well as in scientific publications, that in our information society the ability to innovate, to build collective intelligence and to capitalize on the knowhow and behavior of the coworkers are essential to the organization performance. For that purpose, collaborative platforms such as Enterprise Social Network (ESN) are massively deployed to provide a powerful tool for formalization, centralization and knowledge management. They support the continuous transformation of the current organizations towards collaborative organizations, in the sense that collaboration means a collective approach of the activity with direct interactions without intermediates at the opposite of the coordination by a third party. However, the collaboration within online communities seems at first rather specific for two main reasons. The first reason is that these collaborative practices indeed refer to a community idealistic model but within a well-organized and hierarchized context with its established rules. The second reason is that we are talking of specific collaborative practices in the sense it is a facilitated collaboration and that finding the right way to manage online communities is key to enable and to ensure collaboration. Indeed, the role of the community manager, manager / facilitator / administrator of the virtual community appears to be a central role in the collaboration strategy of a given organization. Behind the appearance of spontaneity and self-sufficiency of the members, it is a central role not only to launch the community but also to keep it up and running as well as to motivate the members to collaborate. It is also essential and in a more structural way in the marketing and managerial instrumentalization of socialization.

Esta tese de doutorado trata do trabalho docente coletivo realizado pelos professores de educação física (PEFI) da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). Na dissertação de mestrado que conclui no ano de 2003 identifiquei que os PEFI construíam suas práticas educativas de maneira isolada e que não percebiam o trabalho coletivo proposto no projeto pedagógico como algo possível de ser realizado. A partir desta interpretação começou a se delinear o problema de pesquisa que foi formulado da seguinte maneira: Como os PEFI concebem e constroem o trabalho docente coletivo e quais são as possibilidades e os limites com relação a essa construção em duas Escolas Municipais de Porto Alegre? Assim, inicio este estudo apresentando o referencial teórico sobre trabalho docente coletivo tratando de situar o problema de investigação formulado em um contexto mais amplo – conjuntural. Dessa forma, revisei pensamentos sobre a globalização e a pós-modernidade, ou a contemporaneidade e seus marcadores no cotidiano complexo e dinâmico. Revisei, também, a articulação entre o individual e o coletivo na sociedade contemporânea e textos sobre o trabalho, o trabalho docente e o trabalho docente coletivo com o intuito de aproximar leituras do âmbito educacional sobre o tema de pesquisa. Os caminhos metodológicos que percorri para dar conta do problema de investigação foram a realização de uma etnografia em uma escola em que houve indicação da existência de trabalho docente coletivo e uma autoetnografia na escola onde leciono. O trabalho de campo foi realizado de setembro de 2006 até janeiro de 2008. O processo de coleta das informações foi iniciado com a análise de documentos. Já em contato com as escolas, empreguei a observação participante, a participante observação, registros em diário de campo, diálogos, entrevistas e questionários. Da análise das informações coletadas foram construídos três capítulos e cinco categorias de análise: “Histórias de vida e histórias de escola”; “É difícil, mas dá para fazer. Nós fazemos”; “Vivendo, sentindo e aprendendo com a violência”; “Procurando trabalho coletivo encontrei-me perdido entre gestão e o grupo” e “Entre utopias e furacões”. A investigação realizada permitiu compreender que há aspectos que facilitam e outros que limitam a construção de trabalho docente coletivo pelos PEFI da RMEPOA. / This doctoral thesis is the collective work done by teachers teaching physical education (PEFI) of the Municipal Network of Education of Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). In a master's dissertation which concludes in 2003 identified that PEFI built their educational practices so isolated and do not know the collective work proposed in the educational project as something can be done. From this interpretation began to outline the problem of research that was formulated as follows: How do PEFI design and build the teacher collective work and what are the possibilities and limits with regard to that construction on two Municipal Schools of Porto Alegre? So beginning this study showing the theoretical reference work on collective teacher trying to locate the problem of research formulated in a broader context - cyclical. Thus, revisei thoughts on globalisation and post-modernity, or the contemporary and its markers in the daily complex and dynamic. Reviewed, too, the relationship between the individual and the collective in contemporary society and texts on the work, the teaching work and teaching work collectively in order to bring the scope readings on the topic of educational research. The paths that methodological percorri to give account of the problem of research were conducting a ethnography in a school where there were indications of the existence of collective work and a autoetnografia teacher at the school where leciono. Field work was carried out September 2006 through January 2008. The process of gathering the information was initiated with the analysis of documents. Already in contact with schools, empreguei the participant observation, the participant observation, daily records in the field, dialogues, interviews and questionnaires. From the analysis of information collected were built three chapters and five categories of analysis: "Stories of life and stories of school"; "It is difficult, but you can do. We do "," Living, learning about and experiencing violence "," Looking for collective work I met lost between management and the group "and" Between utopias and hurricanes. " Research has to understand that there are aspects that facilitate and others that limit the construction of teaching work collectively by the PEFI RMEPOA. / Esta tesis doctoral es el trabajo colectivo realizado por los profesores de enseñanza de educación física (PEFI), de la Red Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre (RMEPOA). En una disertación de maestría que concluye en 2003 identificó que PEFI construyeron sus prácticas educativas de manera aislada y no saben el trabajo colectivo se propone en el proyecto educativo como algo que se puede hacer. A partir de esta interpretación comenzó a esbozar el problema de la investigación que se formuló de la siguiente manera: ¿Cómo PEFI diseñar y construir el trabajo colectivo de profesores y cuáles son las posibilidades y los límites en cuanto a que la construcción de dos escuelas municipales de Porto Alegre? Por lo tanto, a partir de este estudio que muestra el trabajo teórico de referencia en colectivo docente tratando de localizar el problema de investigación formulado en un contexto más amplio - cíclica. Por lo tanto, revisei reflexiones sobre la globalización y la post-modernidad, o los contemporáneos y sus marcadores en el diario complejo y dinámico. evisado, también, la relación entre lo individual y lo colectivo en la sociedad contemporánea y textos sobre la obra, el trabajo docente y la enseñanza de trabajar colectivamente con el fin de poner al alcance lecturas sobre el tema de la investigación educativa. Los caminos que percorri metodológica para dar cuenta del problema de investigación estaban realizando una etnografía en una escuela donde había indicios de la existencia de trabajo colectivo y una autoetnografia profesor en la escuela donde leciono. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo Septiembre de 2006 hasta enero de 2008. El proceso de recogida de información se inició con el análisis de los documentos. Ya en contacto con las escuelas, empreguei la observación participante, la observación participante, diario en el campo, diálogos, entrevistas y cuestionarios. Del análisis de la información reunida se construyeron tres capítulos y cinco categorías de análisis: "Historias de vida e historias de la escuela"; "Es difícil, pero se puede hacer. Lo hacemos "," Vivir, aprender y experimentar acerca de la violencia "," Buscando trabajo colectivo me encontré perdido entre la dirección y el grupo "y" Entre las utopías y los huracanes. " La investigación tiene que entender que hay aspectos que facilitan y otros que limitan la construcción de la enseñanza de trabajar colectivamente por el PEFI RMEPOA.

Depuis quelques années un métier émergent de l'éducatif se développe dans l'Enseignement Catholique , celui d'A.P.S. ou Adjoint en Pastorale Scolaire. A la croisée entre deux réalités institutionnelles, celle de l'éducation et celle de l'église catholique, ce métier se structure et se développe en tension entre une sur prescription à caractère discrétionnaire et le réel de l'activité des acteurs éducatifs dans leur contexte de travail. En nous appuyant sur la théorie de l'analyse de l'activité, notre intervention-recherche en collaboration avec cinq personnes en formation continue, a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence de plusieurs genres professionnels au sein d'un même métier qui peut être rattaché aux métiers "avec et pour autrui". Le dispositif expérimental a favorisé la constitution d'un collectif de travail, l'émergence de règles de métier, de compétences particulières , ainsi que le développement de l'activité des professionnels. Notre étude a joué le rôle d'analyseur des transformations des métiers qui consistent à agir "avec et pour autrui". Dans une perspectives d'évolution du système scolaire français, la réforme des collèges et la prise en compte des enjeux de société concernant la mixité sociale et culturelle, l'analyse de l'activité de ce métier émergent ouvre une réflexion sur les métiers de l'éducatif" avec et pour autrui" et la formation. / In recent years , a job as emerged from the education grows in Catholic teaching, the A.P.S. or school pastoral assistants. At the jonction between two institutional realities, that of Education and that of the Church, the profession has structured and developped stretching between a discretionary over prescription and the real activity of educational actors in heir work context. Based on the theory of activity analysis, our intervention research which has been conducted in collaboration with five people in in-house training as working, has highlighted the existence of several professionnal within' the same job which can be attached to trades that consist of acting with and for others. The experimental device has encouraged the formation of a collective work, the emergence of business rules, news skills, and the" development of the activity of professionals. Our study has also payed a role of the analyzer of business transformations "are to act for and whith another one".In an evlutionary perpective with the french school system reform in colleges an the inclusion of social issues concerning the social and cultural diversity, the analysis of the activity of emerging job has opened reflections on the job of education " for and with another one".

Notre questionnement trouve sa source dans la mise en place, dans le cadre de la réforme du lycée de 2010, de l'enseignement d'exploration Méthodes et Pratiques Scientifiques (MPS) en Seconde. Cet enseignement pluridisciplinaire, visant à initier les élèves à la démarche scientifique dans le cadre d'un projet, a conduit les enseignants de mathématiques, à interroger et à modifier leurs pratiques. Nous proposons d'analyser ces changements sous l'angle des ressources et du travail des enseignants sur ces ressources. Nous mobilisons les cadres théoriques de la double approche didactique et ergonomique (Robert, 2010a ; Rogalski, 2010) et de l'approche documentaire du didactique (Gueudet et Trouche, 2010). Notre recherche est conduite à partir du suivi de professeurs de mathématiques impliqués en MPS et engagés dans différents collectifs disciplinaires et pluridisciplinaires. Ce suivi est complété par des entretiens avec les collègues des autres disciplines. Nous avons aussi effectué une étude sur l'offre des ressources disponibles pour l'un des thèmes proposés. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le programme de recherche ReVEA (Ressources Vivantes pour l'Enseignement et l'Apprentissage), soutenu par l'ANR. Notre thèse propose de montrer l'impact des ressources et de leur manque depuis la compréhension de la tâche prescrite jusqu'à la tâche effective, ainsi que celui des différents collectifs dans lesquels le professeur de mathématiques est impliqué. Elle questionne également les effets de ce travail sur le développement professionnel concernant en particulier la conception et la mise en œuvre de séances fondées sur des démarches d'investigation. / Our questioning emerges from the establishment of a new teaching, called Scientific Methods and Practices (MPS), as part of the French high school reform in 2010. This multidisciplinary teaching, which aims to initiate pupils to a scientific approach, leds mathematics teachers to question and to change their practices. We propose to analyze these changes in terms of resources and the way teachers work on these resources. We retain two approaches: the double approach didactic and ergonomic of the teaching practices (Robert, 2010a; Rogalski, 2010) and the documentational approach of didactics (Gueudet et Trouche, 2010). Our research is conducted from observations of mathematics teachers involved in MPS and engaged in different disciplinary and multidisciplinary collectives. These observations are supplemented by interviews with colleagues in other disciplines. We also performed a study of resources available for one of the themes proposed. This study is part of the research program ReVEA (Living Resources for Teaching and Learning), supported by the ANR. Our thesis aims to show the impact of resources and lack of resources from understanding the prescribed task to the effective task, and also the impact of the different collectives in which the mathematics teacher is involved. It questions as well the effects of this work on professional development, especially regarding the inquiry-based science teaching.

Cette recherche-intervention porte sur l’organisation d’un processus de conception de documents utilisés pour l’exploitation nucléaire : la fabrique de la prescription. Elle s’inscrit dans une approche constructive de l’ergonomie.La construction d’un diagnostic organisationnel permet de caractériser le processus étudié, le travail collectif transverse qu’il implique et de concevoir des outils spécifiques pour l’intervention. Une démarche participative est ensuite mise en œuvre afin de concevoir un dispositif d’expérimentation permettant d’organiser un travail d’organisation transverse. L’expérimentation de ce dispositif renvoie « au carré » de la fabrique de la prescription. Elle aboutit à deux principaux résultats : le développement d’un travail collectif transverse et la mise en visibilité d’un manque de subsidiarité au sein de l’organisation étudiée.L’analyse de la conception et l’expérimentation de ce dispositif permettent de produire des connaissances sur les interventions ergonomiques capacitantes : sur la conception participative de tels dispositifs et méthodes et sur le rôle de la construction sociale de l’intervention. / In our intervention research we investigate the making of prescription, that is, the organization of a design process of prescriptive documents used, in particular, for nuclear power plants. This project is part of a constructive approach to ergonomics.Building of an organizational diagnosis leads to characterize the studied process, transversal collective work it involves, and to develop specific tools for intervention. We implement a participatory design approach in order to design an experimental methodology which supports the organization of a transversal organizational. This experimentation refers to “the square” of the making of prescription. This leads to two main results: the development of a transversal collective work between participants involved, and the highlighting of a lack of subsidiarity within the studied organization.Design and experimentation of the methodology analysis contribute to produce knowledge about enabling ergonomics intervention: on the participatory design of the methodology itself, and on the enhancement of the role of social elaboration of an ergonomics intervention.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria da Conceicao Almeida Vasconcelos.pdf: 6552988 bytes, checksum: 07648f372df17fe23f228d4224a2e597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-17 / This thesis has as study object the solidary economy. It is its intention to analyze the solidary economy, while a possibility to generate work and income and of exercise of the participation, being had themselves as reference previous the personal and work experiences of cooperated/the associates, the experiences of the collective work in the solidary economical enterprises, including also the formation continued. One is about a research developed in three located solidary economical enterprises in the State of Sergipe, with activities in the branches of solid residues, confection and improvement of the shrimp. In the research, the qualitative method was used, understanding the collection of depositions gotten by means of half-structuralized interviews, participant and research bibliographical and documentary comment. Moreover, they had been used given statisticians for the characterization of the enterprises and it s cooperated/associates. The theoretical landmark has as base authors who study thematic of the solidary economy and the participation. The results had disclosed that the searched enterprises come propitiating the generation of work and income for cooperated/the associates, even so still are limited the financial results. However, the experiences show that the insertion in the enterprises, goes beyond the generation of work and income. Such experiences are bringing significant changes for the cooperated lives of/the associates, being distinguished: the learning of the automanagement collective work; the personal growth; the discovery and the development of potentialities; the magnifying of the vision of world and the importance of the participation in other social instances. It has, still, a long way to cover, as much in the direction of the consolidation of the enterprises and an effective generation of income as in the perspective of the automanagement and construction of a solidary and participative culture that assures the effective exercise of the citizenship / Esta tese tem como objeto de estudo a economia solidária. É seu propósito analisar a economia solidária, enquanto uma possibilidade de gerar trabalho e renda e de exercício da participação, tendo-se como referência as experiências pessoais e laborativas anteriores dos cooperados/associados, as vivências do trabalho coletivo nos empreendimentos econômicos solidários, incluindo-se também a formação continuada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida em três empreendimentos econômicos solidários localizados no Estado de Sergipe, com atividades nos ramos de resíduos sólidos, confecção e beneficiamento do camarão. Na pesquisa, foi utilizado o método qualitativo, compreendendo a coleta de depoimentos obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação participante e pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Além disso, foram utilizados dados estatísticos para a caracterização dos empreendimentos e de seus cooperados/associados. O marco teórico tem como base autores que estudam a temática da economia solidária e participação. Os resultados revelaram que os empreendimentos pesquisados vêm propiciando a geração de trabalho e renda para os cooperados/associados, embora ainda sejam limitados os resultados financeiros. Todavia, as experiências mostram que a inserção nos empreendimentos, vai além da geração de trabalho e renda. Tais experiências estão trazendo mudanças significativas para as vidas dos cooperados/associados, destacando-se: o aprendizado do trabalho coletivo autogestionário; o crescimento pessoal; a descoberta e o desenvolvimento de potencialidades; a ampliação da visão de mundo e da importância da participação em outras instâncias sociais. Há, ainda, um longo caminho a percorrer, tanto no sentido da consolidação dos empreendimentos e uma efetiva geração de renda como na perspectiva da autogestão e construção de uma cultura solidária e participativa que assegure o efetivo exercício da cidadania

La spécificité de l’objet de la PI imprime une singularité au régime du contrat d’entreprise. L’affirmation se constate aussi bien au sujet de la PLA qu’au sujet de la PIND et appelaient donc la recherche d’une théorie générale. Concernant la PLA, l’existence de droits moraux de l’auteur perturbe la relation contractuelle et justifie la mise en œuvre d’un formalisme important. L’objectif du législateur est alors de tenter de protéger l’auteur, envisagé comme la partie faible face au maître de l’ouvrage. Et quoique certaines exceptions aient été mises en place, elles demeurent insuffisantes. Une telle méthode « principe – exception » se révèle néanmoins alternativement inutile ou préjudiciable, de sorte qu’il conviendrait de convertir les exceptions en règle commune. À titre d’exemple, l’attribution initiale des droits d’auteur au maître de l’ouvrage dans le cadre de l’œuvre collective ou le logiciel devrait être généralisé. Si la protection apportée à l’entrepreneur dans le cadre du droit de la propriété littéraire et artistique apparaît ainsi excessive, elle est au contraire insuffisante dans le cadre du droit de la propriété industrielle. En effet, en dépit de fondements identiques, le contrat d’entreprise relatif aux droits de propriété industrielle est régi par les dispositions du Code civil, lesquelles ne protègent pas l’auteur ou le créateur. Ainsi, dans ce cadre, l’inventeur ne bénéficie pas d’un droit à la rémunération proportionnelle, car l’aspect économique domine toutes les étapes de la relation contractuelle, de l’obtention de la création à son exploitation. Néanmoins, les règles de l’attributions du droit à la création industrielle ne sont pas claires / The specificity of the subject of intellectual property entitled to a singularity of the contract of enterprise regime. The assertion is evident both on the literary and artistic property as about industrial property and therefore called the search for a general theory.Concerning the literary and artistic property, the existence of moral rights of the author disrupts the contractual relationship and justify the implementation of an important formalism. The aim of the legislator is then to try to protect the author, seen as the weak party to face the project Owner. And although some exceptions have been introduced, they remain insufficient. Nevertheless, such a method "principle - exception" proves alternately unnecessary or harmful, so the exceptions should be converted into common rule. For example, the initial attribution of copyright to the Owner project under the collective work or software should be generalized.If the protection provided to the contractor under the law of literary and artistic property thus appears excessive, it is insufficient otherwise under the law of industrial property. Indeed, despite identical basis, the contract of enterprise for industrial property rights is governed by the provisions of the Civil Code, which do not protect the author or creator. Thus, in this context, the inventor does not have a right to remuneration proportional because the economic aspect dominates all stages of the contractual relationship, obtaining creation to its exploitation. Nevertheless, the rules of the attribution of the right to creation industrial are not clear

Le produit de luxe n’est pas un bien comme les autres. Ses qualités matérielles et immatérielles lui confèrent une valeur particulière qui oblige son producteur à le vendre dans un environnement commercial adapté. La règle de droit peut-elle considérer cette particularité économique ? Paradoxalement, la France est leader mondiale du marché des produits de luxe, mais nul n’est en mesure d’affirmer avec précision ce qu’est le luxe. Intégrer une notion aussi insaisissable au sein d’un raisonnement juridique semble difficile. Pourtant, les atteintes subies par les titulaires des droits du produit de luxe ont convaincu le juge européen de mettre en place des règles protectrices spéciales. Le but poursuivi est légitime. Il s’agit de protéger les investissements réalisés pour vendre et promouvoir le produit de luxe. Mais cette démarche légale s’appuie sur une méthode de qualification qui n’est pas satisfaisante. L’«aura», le «prestige» ou la «sensation» de luxe qui émanent du produit marqué, sont des critères trop subjectifs pour assurer l’application systématique et cohérente de règles protectrices. C’est pourquoi, outre la démonstration d’un corpus de règles applicables au produit de luxe, il convient d’analyser les fondements de sa reconnaissance par le droit positif, ainsi que l’instauration d’un régime unifié reposant sur des critères de définition précis, prenant en considération les qualités intrinsèques de ce bien particulier. / The luxury product is not a product like any other. Its material and immaterial qualities confer a special value that requires its producer to sell it in a proper business environment. The rule of law can it consider this economic feature ? Paradoxically, France is world's leading luxury goods market, but no one is able to state precisely what is luxury. The law seems unsuited to integrate a concept as elusive as luxury. Yet, violations suffered by the owners of luxury product rights have convinced the European judge to set up special protective rules. The aim is legitimate. This is to protect the investments made to sell and promote luxury products. But this legal approach is based on a method of qualification which is not satisfactory. The "will", "prestige" or the "feel" of luxury emanating frombranded product, are too subjective criteria to ensure systematic and consistent implementation of protective rules. Therefore, in addition to the demonstration of a body of rules applicable to the luxury product, it should analyze the foundations of its recognition by positive law and the establishment of a unified system based on criteria precise definition, taking into account the intrinsic qualities of that particular property.