CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A lÃngua corresponde a uma prÃtica de interaÃÃo social e se realiza por meio de textos diversos entre os indivÃduos de uma comunidade. Caracteriza-se por sua heterogeneidade e variabilidade, portanto està vulnerÃvel a constantes mudanÃas ao longo do tempo. Essa caracterÃstica possibilita que fatos ocorridos no passado guardados para a posteridade por meio de documentos antigos tornem-se objetos de pesquisa ao longo dos anos. Desse modo, tais documentos contribuem de forma valiosa para o trabalho de diversos pesquisadores em diferentes Ãreas. A relevÃncia desses documentos se dà pela destacada contribuiÃÃo aos estudos histÃricos da lÃngua e dos textos. A anÃlise voltada para este aspecto propicia, assim, o conhecimento acerca da constituiÃÃo e do funcionamento, tanto da lÃngua quanto dos textos, em tempos passados na sociedade de que outrora fizeram parte. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho, voltado para gÃneros da esfera jurÃdica, se propÃe descrever e analisar, em funÃÃo dos propÃsitos comunicativos e do contexto sÃcio-histÃrico, categorias linguÃsticas e discursivas que apontam traÃos de permanÃncia e/ou mudanÃa na peÃa introdutÃria dos processos-crimes registrados no estado do Cearà nos sÃculos XX e XXI. O corpus à constituÃdo por 46 denÃncias, que à a parte introdutÃria dos processos-crimes, os quais se encontram abrigados no Arquivo PÃblico do Estado do Cearà (APEC). Para o desenvolvimento da anÃlise, utiliza-se o arcabouÃo teÃrico das TradiÃÃes Discursivas a fim de observar a repetiÃÃo de um texto ou de formas textuais, âexpressÃes formulaicasâ, que possam ser tomadas como tradiÃÃes discursivas para, entÃo, descrever traÃos significativos de mudanÃa e/ou permanÃncia. Nesse sentido, servem de base teÃrica os estudos de Kabatek (2001, 2006), Koch (1997) e Koch e Oesterreicher (2007). à luz da proposta teÃrico-metodolÃgica de Zavam (2009), esta investigaÃÃo focaliza, entÃo, a anÃlise em seis categorias que dÃo conta do contexto em que as denÃncias foram escritas e do texto que trata da materialidade dos elementos linguÃsticos e discursivos empregados, uma vez que busca compreender como a sociedade do inÃcio do sÃculo XX interagia por meio dos textos que circulavam na esfera jurÃdica. Os resultados alcanÃados revelam que o gÃnero denÃncia, a despeito do alto grau de fixidez que lhe à inerente, apresenta em sua composiÃÃo o que se caracteriza como reelaboraÃÃo interna, que à uma mudanÃa ocorrida no interior do prÃprio gÃnero. Tal constataÃÃo evidencia que, no decorrer dos anos, entre os dois sÃculos analisados, o gÃnero foi se transformando devido Ãs exigÃncias de suas prÃticas sociais, como à o caso das informaÃÃes apuradas para compor a acusaÃÃo do rÃu e que sÃo fundamentais para que se instaure a denÃncia. Assim, esta pesquisa, inserida nos estudos diacrÃnicos, traÃou o percurso histÃrico do gÃnero denÃncia, destacando quais mudanÃas e/ou permanÃncias sÃo percebidas no gÃnero abordado, assim, este trabalho contribuiu para dar continuidade Ãs pesquisas que se dedicam a investigar a histÃria dos textos, atrelada à histÃria da lÃngua, de modo a evidenciar aspectos que caracterizam os gÃneros do discurso em suas mais distintas realizaÃÃes. / The language corresponds to a social interaction practice and it is made real through different texts shared between members of a community. It is characterized by its heterogeneity as well as its variability, so it is vulnerable in face of constant changes over the time. This characteristic makes possible that past facts kept safe for the posterity through old documents become objects of researchers during the time. In this way, such documents contribute in a value way in works of an uncountable researchers into different areas. The relevance of this documents is given by its highlighted contribution in the historical studies of the language as well as of the texts. The analyses turned more for that aspect that provides a knowledge concerning to constitution and functioning both in the language and the texts in previous societies of yore. In this perspective, the current work which is turned more to genre of legal sphere, it proposes itself describing and analyzing, in function of communicative purpose as well as social-historic context, the linguistic and discursive categories of formulaic expressions which points traces of permanence and/or changing . The corpus is formed by complaints which is the introduction of crime-processes practiced in cearense legal sphere from XX and XXI centuries. The corpus is formed by complaints that is the introductory part of crime-processes registered in Cearà State, Brazil. They are filed in Arquivo PÃblico do Estado do Cearà (APEC). In order to develop the analyses, it was used the theoretical framework of discursive traditions with the goal of observing repetitions of one text or its textual forms, âformulaic expressionsâ, that can be taken as discursive traditions describing significants traces of changing and/ or changing . In this sense, It serves as theoretical bases, the studies of Kabatek (2001,2006), Koch (1997) e Koch; Osterreicher (2007). In the light of theoretical methodologic proposal of Zavam (2009). Then, this investigation focused in the analyses of six categories that covers the context in complaints which were written as well as the text that deals with the materiality of linguistic elements used. This work tried understanding how to society in the beginning of XX century interacted by means of ordinary text legal sphere. The results achieved show us that the genre has a high level of fixture, so it presents in its composition an intern reorganization, that is a change occurred in the interior of genre itself. Over the time, this demonstrates that, between the two centuries analyzed, the genre was transformed due to demanding of social practices, as in the case of information collected in order to form the accusation of the defendant and that are essential to stablish the complaint. In this way, this research, inside of the diachronic studies, traced a historical path of complaint genre, highlighting which changes/permanencies are perceived in the genre studied. So this researchers is dedicated to investigate the history of texts, linked to the history of the language highlighting aspects that categorizes the genre of the discourse in their more distinct realization.

Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da monitorização contínua da oximetria de pulso (SpO2) durante o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6m), na detecção da hipoxemia induzida pelo exercício, em pacientes com sintomas respiratórios. Métodos: Os pacientes realizaram testes de função pulmonar e TC6m. A saturação e a freqüência cardíaca foram determinadas por um oxímetro de pulso e os dados transferidos simultaneamente para um computador através de telemetria. Comparamos a menor saturação atingida durante o teste com os valores da SpO2 obtidos imediatamente após o TC6m. Também foram comparadas as diferenças clínico funcionais dos pacientes agrupados de acordo com a presença de dessaturação (SpO2 repouso – SpO2 no exercício 4%) e SpO2 88%. Resultados: Foram estudados 452 pacientes (236 homens, 61 ± 13 anos). A capacidade vital forçada (CVF), o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), a relação VEF1/CVF e a capacidade de difusão pulmonar (DCO) foram respectivamente 65,8 ± 18,6% do previsto, 52,6 ± 23,7% do previsto, 62,8 ± 18,8% e 51,7 ± 20,9% do previsto. A média da SpO2 mínima registrada com auxílio de telemetria durante o TC6m foi de 89,9 ± 6,5% e da SpO2 no final do teste foi de 91,1 ± 6,5% (p<0,001). Em 241 pacientes (53,3%) ocorreu dessaturação no TC6m. Foram observados dois padrões diferenciados de dessaturação durante o exercício: um grupo de pacientes dessaturou no início do TC6m e recuperou a SpO2 antes do final do mesmo (57 pacientes, 23,7% dos pacientes que dessaturaram) e o outro grupo apresentou queda da SpO2 persistente até o final do exercício. A SpO2 basal e os valores de função pulmonar foram significativamente mais altos no grupo de pacientes com o primeiro padrão de dessaturação. A SpO2 foi 88% em 148 pacientes; em 26 destes (17,6%) níveis de SpO2 88% foram detectados somente durante o TC6m. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstra que a mensuração contínua da SpO2 durante o TC6m é melhor que a mensuração da SpO2 imediatamente após o teste para detectar dessaturação induzida por exercício. / Objective: To study the effect of continuous measurement of pulse oximetry (SpO2) during six-minute walk test (6MWT) on detection of exercise induced hypoxemia in patients with respiratory complaints. Methods: Patients performed lung function tests and 6MWT. SpO2 and pulse rate were obtained by a pulse oximeter and continuously transferred to a computer using telemetry. The lowest saturation reached during the test was compared with the SpO2 measured immediately after the 6MWT. We also compared functional and clinical differences of patients grouped according to desaturation (rest SpO2 - exercise SpO2 4%) and SpO2 88%. Results: We studied 452 patients (236 men, 61 ± 13 years old). Mean forced vital capacity (FCV), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FCV and pulmonary diffusion capacity (DLCO) were 65.8 ± 18.6% of predicted, 52.6 ± 23.7% of predicted, 62.8 ± 18.8% and 51.7 ± 20.9% of predicted, respectively. Mean of lowest SpO2 registered using telemetry during 6MWT was 89.9% ± 6.5% and at the end of test 91.1% ± 6.5% (p<0.001). Desaturation was observed in 241 patients (53.3%). There were two different patterns of desaturation: SpO2 decrease at the beginning of the 6MWT with recovery before the test end (57 patients, 23.7% of the patients with desaturation) and SpO2 decrease maintained at the end of exercise. Rest SpO2 and lung function values were significantly higher in patients with the first desaturation pattern. SpO2 88% was observed in 148 patients; in 26 of these cases (17.6%) SpO2 88% levels were only detected during the 6MWT. Conclusion: Continuous SpO2 measuring is better than SpO2 measurement performed immediately after 6MWT in detecting exercise induced desaturation.

O objeto deste estudo é a justiça eclesiástica, analisada sob dois aspectos: as relações estabelecidas pelos juízes eclesiásticos com os fiéis e com os juízes seculares; e os mecanismos de coerção que pôs em prática. A metodologia comparativa baseou-se nas seguintes fontes: processos judiciais eclesiásticos; recursos de averiguação de delitos - as querelas, queixas e denúncias; norma jurídica - expressa nas constituições sinodais, Ordenações e tratados; correspondência de bispos e governadores do século XVIII. Tais fontes evidenciam as várias facetas da justiça colonial: a virtude primeira do Príncipe; e a prerrogativa episcopal. Ponto central na evangelização tridentina, a justiça eclesiástica preconizava maior presença no cotidiano dos fiéis, e uma busca dos pecadores públicos, mediante devassas, denúncias, queixas e querelas. Como corolário deste exercício, verificam-se entre as autoridades seculares e eclesiásticas relações de colaboração, concorrência e conflito. Isto desencadeou múltiplas reações entre as pessoas leigas e eclesiásticas, alvos daquela ação. / The object of this study is the ecclesiastical justice in the diocese of the Minas Gerais, analyzed in two ways: the competitive relations of the cooperation, elimination and conflict that established their judges delegates with the people and the authorities of the colony; the mechanisms of coercion that put into practice. A comparative methodology was based on the following sources: ecclesiastical court proceedings, resources investigation of crimes, such as suits, complaints and wanton; the rule of law, and correspondence of the bishops and governors of the eighteenth century. These sources show the various facets assumed by the justice to colonial times: the main prerrogative of the Prince; and also episcopal prerogative, according to the decreesTridentine. The bishop chased the public sinners; received suits and denunciations and established wanton. The ecclesiastical justice was essential element of evangelization Tridentine; however, between secular and ecclesiastical authorities, were relations of the competition, collaboration and conflict. This triggered multiple reactions among people, the target of his action.

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of customer satisfaction surveys and spontaneous customer feedback procedure in a university hospital laboratory. Questionnaires containing closed-ended statements and an open-ended question were used in the customer satisfaction surveys targeted at the clinical units of the university hospital and regional health centres. Customer feedback documents including the subject matters of the reports, the investigations carried out and the actions taken were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The highest dissatisfaction rates in the clinical units were recorded for computerised test requesting and reporting, turnaround times of tests, missing test results and the schedule of phlebotomy rounds. In addition, additional instructions were needed. The most common causes of dissatisfaction among regional health centres were related to electronic data transfer of laboratory test requests and reports between health centres and the university hospital laboratory, need of additional instructions for handling of samples and preparation patients for laboratory tests, problems with decentralised phlebotomy services to hospital outpatients, and unawareness of the schedule of some less common laboratory tests. Further clarifications with selected customers were needed to specify the causes of dissatisfaction. Erroneous, delayed and lacking test results were the most common errors or defects revealed in the investigations of the spontaneous customer feedback reports from both the clinical units and the external customers. The most common underlying causes of errors were unintended errors and non-compliance with operating instructions. Systematic errors were found in one-sixth of the cases. Corrective actions were carried out in three-fourths of the cases. Satisfaction survey can be used as a screening tool to identify topics of dissatisfaction. However, further clarifications are often needed to find out the customer-specific causes of dissatisfaction and to undertake targeted corrective actions. Every reported case of customer feedback should be investigated to find out possible errors and their underlying causes so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken.

The aim of the thesis is the specification of user requirements for complaints and claims management in selected company providing financial services in the Czech Republic. The first section explains the basic theoretical background in the field of process management and information systems. It is also discussed the view of complaints and claims management from customer side. The second section describes the system of complaints and claims management in the company. Based on the analysis of the process the next section specifies the user requirements for a new information system and assesses expected benefits and potential risks of implementing a new information system.

Existing research demonstrates that sexual trauma victims experience increased risk of adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disorders, increased risk of chronic pain, and somatic health complaints. Similarly, sexual trauma is correlated with increased risk of adverse psychological effects including PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Perceived stigmatization as a result of sexual trauma has been hypothesized to be a mechanism through which sexual trauma affects health. Sexual trauma stigma (STS) has been found to mediate the relationship between sexual trauma and psychological distress. The experience of stigmatization has also been linked to somatization and is associated with increased anxiety. Similarly, among a sample of participants with a trauma history, adversity and resultant discrimination predicted somatic health complaints with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) partially mediating this relationship. However, the experience of STS specifically and its effect on somatic health complaints and anxiety has not yet been examined. As anxiety is associated with somatic symptoms, and is often comorbid with PTSS, it may be a mechanism through which STS effects somatic health complaints. Therefore, the current study seeks to examine the relationship between STS and somatic health complaints as well as the potential mediating effect of anxiety. It was hypothesized that STS would predict somatic health complaints, and that anxiety would mediate this relationship. An international sample of 528 women with a sexual trauma history was recruited via social media (Reddit) and mediation results were found using the “psych” package for RMarkdown (Version 5.2.2) with bootstrapping (5000 samples). Overall, the model was significant R2 = .19, (F(2,1230) = 148.53, p < .01). Regression analyses revealed that sexual trauma stigma was a significant predictor of both anxiety (b = .21, SE = .01, p < .01) and somatic health symptoms (b = .13, SE =.01, p < .01), and that anxiety also predicted somatic symptoms (b = .39, SE = .03, p < .01). Anxiety was found to significantly mediate the relationship between sexual trauma and somatic health symptoms, b = .08, SE = .01, 95% CI [0.06, 0 .11]. Current findings confirm the relationship between sexual trauma stigma and somatic health complaints and identify anxiety as an important mediator of this relationship. Providers should be aware that experiences of sexual victimization are related to feelings of stigmatization and may increase anxiety, impacting somatic health complaints. These findings indicate future clinical implications for trauma informed care within medical settings to better serve women who may experience stigma related to sexual trauma and highlights anxiety as a key target for interventions to reduce somatic symptoms.

Diploma thesis is focused on quality management in the company Teva Czech Industries s.r.o. Analyzes current situation and issues in this section and with its help suggests improvement leading to higher quality, reduce costs and higher customer satisfaction.

Bullying can have a negative impact on children’s development andmental health. Studentswith disabilities aremore likely to be targeted for bullying than studentswithout disabilities. In particu- lar, studies have shown that studentswith disabilities are at greater risk of bullying than students without disabilities. In addition, childrenwithdisabilities have higher riskof lowsubjective health. Results showed that therewere significant differences in the dependent variables among four dif- ferent groups of bullying participants (disabled victims, victimswithout disabilities, non victims with disabilitiesandnon-victimswithoutdisabilities).Non-disabledstudentswhowere not bullied had the highest level of subjective health,while the subjective health of disabled students who are not bullied is higher than that of disabled students who are bullied and non-disabled students who are bullied. Thismeans that as the risk of exposure to bullying increases, the subjective health of childrenwith disabilitieswillbefurther lower.Childrenwithdisabilities alone have higher life satisfaction than those with disabilities who and bullied and have higher life satisfaction than those bullied without disabilities. And childrenwithdisabilities aremore likely to report somatic and psychological symptoms than childrenwithout disabilities.Children who were bullied reportedmore somatic symptoms than childrenwho were not bullied. Therefore, schools should establish student violence prevention interventions to reduce peer victimization regardless of students’ disabilities.

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