Common problems at the construction site are logistics problems regarding material delays, handling and transfers. At present, there is a very low use of digital tools in the construction industry. The construction sector has low productivity and high costs, and one reason for this is that the industry has not adopted new technology to streamline its processes.   The purpose of this degree project is to investigate how BIM (building information modeling) can facilitate logistics work (for example, the supply of materials) at the construction site. This by first investigating what problems arise in production and then how BIM is used to mitigate these problems. Thus, come up with suggestions for a working method and routines to increase the use of BIM to facilitate logistics and supply production with materials. The aim of this thesis is to identify contractor and suppliers needs and to suggest improved working methods with BIM in order to improve logistics in the production phase. These are the selected research questions: What material flow information is important to make logistics work during production? How can BIM be used to manage material flow information and thereby improve logistics?   The work carried out with a qualitative methodology where the questions asked were open and open-ended questions. Furthermore, the author used a semi-structured interview method. This study are based on five interviews and the respondents interviewed were from both Norrköping and Kalmar.   The results indicate that the information needed for production to flow in a good way and get the logistics to work is information regarding deliveries should be close to the Just In Time principle. This means that the right material is delivered at the right time in the right place. Because much of the craftsman day is spent waiting for materials. The need of the supplier is to get an order with enough information. This needed to report is an early delivery plan to avoid waiting for materials and supplying production with materials.   The study also shows that BIM is used as a support to facilitate logistics at the construction site through the right model that has a structure that works throughout the process. It is important to enter the correct information regarding quantity, dimensions and number. Furthermore, it can be used by connecting the 3D model to time schedule to plan when it suits best with deliveries and optimize with Just In Time deliveries. Thus, the model is also used when planning workplace disposition plans. Keywords- BIM, construction logistics, Just In Time, waste, supply chain management / Vanligt förekommande problem på byggarbetsplatsen är logistikproblem gällande materialförseningar, hanteringar och förflyttningar. I dagsläget är det väldigt låg användning av digitaliserade verktyg inom byggbranschen. Byggsektorn har låg produktivitet och höga kostnader, en anledning till detta att branschen inte använder sig av ny teknik för att effektivisera processerna.   Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur BIM kan användas för att minimera logistiska problem på byggarbetsplatsen (exv. materialförsörjningen). Detta genom att först undersöka vilka problem som uppstår i produktionen, sedan se över hur BIM kan nyttjas för att mildra dessa problem. Därmed komma på förslag på arbetssätt och rutiner för att öka användning av BIM för att underlätta logistik och materialförsörjning av produktionen. Målet är att identifiera entreprenörer och leverantörers behov samt föreslå förbättrade arbetsmetoder med BIM för att förbättra logistik i produktionsfasen. Dessa är de utvalda forskningsfrågorna: Vilken materialflödesinformation är viktig för att logistiken ska fungera under produktionen?   Hur kan BIM användas för att hantera materialflödesinformation och därmed förbättra logistiken?   Arbetet utförs med en kvalitativ metodik där frågorna som ställdes var öppna och öppenriktade frågor. Vidare använde författaren sig av semistrukturerade intervjumetod. Denna studie baserades på fem intervjuer och respondenter som intervjuades var både från Norrköping och Kalmar.   Resultatet indikerar att den informationen som behövs för att produktionen ska flöda på ett bra sätt och få logistiken fungera är information gällande leveranser ska vara nära Just In Time principen. Med det menas att rätt material ska levereras på rätt tid på rätt plats. Eftersom stor del av byggarbetarnas dag går åt att vänta på material. Det som behövs för leverantören är att få beställning men tillräcklig med information. Det behövs redovisas är en tidig leveransplan för att undvika väntan på material och försörja produktionen med material.   Studien visar även att BIM kan användas som ett stöd för att underlätta logistiken på byggarbetsplatsen genom rätt modell som har en struktur som fungerar genom hela processen. Det är viktig att mata in rätt information gällande mängd, mått och antal. Vidare kan användas genom att koppla 3D- modellen till tidsplanering för att planera när passar det bäst med leveranser och optimera med Just In Time leveranser. Därmed kan modellen även användas vid planering av arbetsplatsdispositionsplanen. Nyckelord: BIM, bygglogistik, Just In Time, slöseri, supply chain management

Som ett steg i riktningen mot ett mer miljövänligt och hållbart Stockholm upprättades våren 2013 ett center för samordnad bygglogistik (BLC) i Norra Djurgårdsstaden på initiativ av Stockholms stad. Ett logistikcenter för samordnad bygglogistik av denna storlek är det första av sitt slag i Sverige och kräver obligatorisk anslutning av samtliga byggherrar och entreprenörer inom området. BLC som innovation har medfört ett behov av förändring hos aktörerna vid upphandling av entreprenörer och i arbetssättet under produktion för att till fullo nyttja logistikcentret. Syftet med denna studie har därför varit att se till hur anpassningsförmågan till de förändringar som en innovation som BLC kräver kan främjas eller hämmas vid val av upphandlingsstrategier. Fokus ligger således på att identifiera huruvida upphandlingsstrategier kan nyttjas som ett verktyg för förändringsledning då den upphandlande aktören vill driva igenom en eller ett flertal förändringar. Rapporten är en sammanställning av en fallstudie av två nyproduktionsprojekt med ett abduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Studien grundar sig på en omfattande litteraturstudie, deltagande observationer samt intervjuer av berörda aktörer i de två projekten och kan klassificeras som kvalitativ, empirisk forskning med ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt till inbringad empiri. Studien visar att den förändring som skett i sättet att upphandla har varit ett utökat förfrågningsunderlag från byggherrens sida innefattandes information om BLC och dess syfte och omfattning. Utökningen innehåller också rekommendationer på hur BLC kan komma att användas. Tillägget i förfrågningsunderlaget förs på samma sätt vidare till underentreprenörer när dessa upphandlas av respektive huvudentreprenör. Trots byggherrens vision om ett effektivt och innovativt nyttjande av BLC har denne inte lyckats skapa rätt drivkrafter hos entreprenören för ett sådant användande. Svårigheten har visat sig delvis ligga i att BLC ännu inte fungerar på ett smidigt sätt för dess användare. Man upplever också svårigheter i att kalkylera kostnader för användandet av BLC vilket medfört att byggherren tar den största ekonomiska risken avseende BLC i projekten. Hos entreprenörerna är den övergripande uppfattningen att BLC är överflödigt och inte nödvändigt inom området varför mottagandet varit problematiskt och inställningen till att nyttja BLC negativ. För att utöka användandet av BLC och säkerställa att samtliga aktörer delar samma uppfattning om syftet och behovet av BLC bör byggherren vara mer drivande i denna fråga. Ett tidigt involverande av entreprenörerna i upphandlingsskedet samt gemensamt utformade krav på hur BLC ska användas i kombination med finansiella incitament kan ha en upptinande effekt hos entreprenörerna och öka deras mottaglighet för de förändringar som BLC innebär. / As a step towards a more environmentally friendly and sustainable Stockholm, a logistics center for coordinated construction logistics (BLC) was established in 2013 at Stockholm Royal Seaport, an urban area, at the initiative of the municipality of Stockholm. Coordinated construction logistics of this size is rare in Sweden and BLC requires mandatory affiliation for every developer and contractor in the area. BLC has caused a need for change in the different stakeholders’ working processes during production in order to fully utilize the logistic center. Being affiliated to and using BLC also implies increased costs for the project. That is the reason why discussions occur regarding which stakeholder should take the financial risk. This could be managed during the procurement. Thereof, the aim of the study has been to look at how the ability to adjust to changes that innovations as BLC requires could increase or decrease by the choice of procurement strategies. The intention is thereby to identify whether or not procurement could be used as a tool for change management. The report is a compilation of a case study of two new production projects with an abductive approach. The study is based on an extensive literature study, observations and interviews of participants of the two projects and can be classified as qualitative, empirical research with a hermeneutic approach to obtained empirics. The study shows that the procurement strategies have been affected by BLC in such way that the developer has made an addition to the technical specifications that is handed out when procuring contractions. The addition contains information about the purpose and the scope of BLC. It also includes recommendations for how BLC could be used in an effective and innovative way. The main contractors then in turn forward the extended technical specifications to the subcontractors. Despite the developer’s vision of an effective and innovative use of BLC, the right incentives for such use have not been created. It has been proven that the difficulty lies in the fact that BLC does not yet function smoothly for its users and that the users doesn’t fully understand how BLC functions and its purpose. The stakeholders also find it difficult to estimate the costs of using BLC, which is why the developer has taken the biggest economic risk regarding BLC in the projects. The general opinion among the contractors is that BLC is redundant and not necessary in the area. The reception and adoption has therefore been problematic and the attitude towards using BLC has been negative. In order to expand the use of BLC and ensure that all stakeholders share the same view about the purpose of and the need for BLC the developer should be more proactive in this matter. An early involvement of the contractors in the procurement phase and jointly defined ways of using BLC in combination with financial incentives could have a thawing effect on the contractors and increase their ability to accept and adopt the changes BLC requires.

“Störningsfri stad” is an ongoing research project in Norrköping with the aim to create a planning system that shows the impact on the city caused by construction project related logistic activities. Based on the general idea that construction sites create disturbances within a city the thesis evaluates how it is possible to model excess congestion caused by construction transport and trips. Other part of thesis focuses of the application of construction logistic solutions and their respective impact on the congestion. To deal with the stated problem, a case is created – Case Norrköping. It involves the preparation of datasets that describe travel patterns for HGV and workers going to and from construction sites. Case Norrköping is based on six construction sites located in Norrköping. Construction sites have an estimated demand of transports. For that reason, three reference values are created. Reference values are given as the number of HGV serving all sites – 152, 458, 1404 number of vehicles during one working day. To create OD-matrices for the HGV trips, six supplier locations are used. Resulting datasets describe in detail how and when HGV and workers arrive at the construction sites. The actual modelling of congestion effects is done in traffic simulation framework MATSim. An existing Norrköping MATSim model is used and combined with the datasets created in Case Norrköping. Output of simulation is potential congestion effect on car traffic in Norrköping. Case Norrköping is evaluated by changing the number of involved sites. Results show that construction transports contribute to increased congestion levels. Absolute increase of congestion is not significant for scenario 152 HGV. Scenarios 458 and 1404 HGV do show noticeable increases in congestion, especially during peak hour periods. Finally, construction logistic solutions are applied to Case Norrköping to evaluate the impact on congestion level. Different HGV arrival schedules at construction sites are applied. Result of logistic solution application shows that congestion levels can be decreased if peak-hour avoidance is considered in construction transport planning. Even constant arrival rate compared to present arrival rate in Case Norrköping can provide a minor decrease in congestion levels. The gains of applying logistic become more distinct with larger number of HGV. At high HGV demand such as scenario 1404 HGV, total delay hours can be decreased between 20 and 40 percent with a suitable construction logistic solution. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

Transport efficiency within construction is low. One reason behind the lack of efficiency within the construction transport is the lack of proper logistics management that in turn results in problems of delivery reliability, material flows as well as material availability. Other issues caused by lack of proper logistics management are poor information sharing and poor transport planning. Poor information sharing results in outdated plans, last minutes changes, nonstandardized processes, whereas poor transport planning leads to low vehicle utilization, travelling extra due to poor routing, empty running, increased number of transports, improper material handling resulting in damages, etc. Therefore, lack of proper logistics management makes construction transports to use more resources (such as time, fuel, vehicle, energy, and effort) than needed which in turn has negative impact on the environment as well as on the productivity. Construction transport has not been given much focus in prior research because construction transport gets camouflaged in the purchasing price and therefore remains unnoticed as a distinct activity. This highlights the need to better understand construction transport to improve its efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore and describe the ways to measure and improve construction transport efficiency (CTE) by the use of logistics management. This is studied from two different perspectives: the main contractor and the transporter. In terms of logistics management, construction logistics setups (CLS) and performance measurements are studied. Following research questions fulfil the purpose of the thesis: RQ1: How to define and measure construction transport efficiency? RQ2: How can logistics management be used in improving construction transport efficiency? To answer the research questions, case study research has been used as there is a need to develop an in-depth and detailed understanding of construction transports. The thesis is based on two single case studies and one multiple case study. Data collection has been made via documents, interviews, and observations. The thesis defines construction transport efficiency and identifies performance measurements of importance within construction transport efficiency. However, there is a lack of useful data that makes it difficult to calculate most of the identified performance measures. The thesis enhances the understanding of lack of efficiency that exists within construction transports by identifying value adding, non-value adding, and necessary but non-value adding activities within construction transports. Furthermore, it shows that logistics management can be used in improving construction transport efficiency as logistics management has been found helpful in decreasing non-value adding transport activities such as waiting to load and unload, searching for the right unloading place, contacting the concerned person at site, putting a net on a filled waste container by the driver, taking pictures of the offloaded material etc. The thesis highlights the value that logistics services (such as material delivery management, on-site VMI, waste management) create for the main contractor and the transporter in terms of improving construction transport efficiency. Overall, this thesis increases the understanding of construction transport efficiency through the introduction of performance measures and providing examples of how logistics management can impact. The thesis is an important piece of knowledge in the bigger puzzle of developing performance measurement system (PMS). It contributes with a comprehensive, empirically based picture of value adding and non-value adding activities within construction transport.

En av de största utmaningarna i dagens byggbransch är logistikfrågan, fler och fler projekt påverkas av logistikutmaningar och det är av stor vikt att dessa utmaningar granskas och åtgärdas. Allt fler företag har börjat hantera dessa utmaningar med hjälp av olika logistiksamordningsverktyg för att spara tid, få bättre överblick och planering över materialflödet, minska skador med flera. Syftet på detta examensarbete är att undersöka om logistiksamordningsprogrammet Myloc Construction är ett effektivt samordningssystem att använda vid logistikhantering genom att undersöka hur programmet upplevs på tre olika projekt. Författarna har genom denna undersökning som mål kommit fram till om rätt val av logistikmetod gjorts för de tre projekten, vid vilka sorts projekt Myloc Construction ska användas och om Myloc Construction är ett system som Veidekke ska använda för framtida projekt. I dagsläget så pågår ett till- och ombyggnadsprojekt på tre olika huskroppar av Sergelhuset på Sergels torg där Veidekke, NCC och Zengun genomför projektet i en totalentreprenad i samverkan. Alla tre entreprenader använder sig utav Myloc Construction för sina respektive delar i projektet. Undersökningen har baserats på en kombination av olika vetenskapliga metoder såsom intervjuer, enkäter, litteraturstudier, observationer samt elektroniska källor. För att få en djupare förståelse om Myloc Construction har nio personer som använder programmet intervjuats. Enkätundersökningen delades ut till olika användare av programmet för att få en större helhetsbild. På grund av projektets storlek, placering och komplexitet där flera entreprenader samverkar med varandra så är ett logistikprogram nödvändigt. Programmet kan användas till alla typer projekt men är mest nödvändigt till större och mer komplexa projekt. Förutsatt att Myloc fortsätter att uppdatera sin tjänst både på webben och i mobilen så är det något som kan effektivisera logistiken. / One of the biggest challenges in today's construction industry is the logistics issue, at an increasing, projects are being affected by logistic challenges and it is of great importance that these challenges are reviewed and addressed. More and more companies have started to address these challenges with the help of various logistics coordination tools to save time, get a better overall image and planning over the flow of materials, reduce damage to materials and more. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether the logistics coordination program Myloc Construction is an effective system to use in logistics management by examining how the program is perceived on three different projects. Through this study, the authors have reached the goal of whether the right choice of logistics method has been made for the three projects, at which kind of project Myloc construction will be used and whether it is a system that Veidekke should use for future projects. At present, a construction and renovation project is under way on three different housing bodies by Sergelhuset at Sergel's square where Veidekke, NCC and Zengun carry out the project in a turnkey contract in collaboration. All three contracts utilize the logistics coordination tool Myloc construction for their respective parts of the project. The study has been based on a combination of various research methods such as interviews, questionnaires, literature studies, observations and electronic sources. To get a deeper understanding of Myloc construction, nine people using the software have been interviewed. The survey was distributed to different users of the program to get a larger overall picture. Due to the size, location and complexity of the project, where several contracts work together, a logistics program is necessary. The program can be used for all types of projects but is most necessary for larger and more complex projects. Provided that Myloc continues to update its service both on the web and on the mobile phone, it is something that Veidekke should use in the future.

Planning of material handling in limited spaces has become more relevant in the construction industry and since material cannot always be delivered at the right time in the right place, a delay in the flow chain is created. Each construction site has unique conditions and thus different solutions.In this thesis, four workplaces at Peab have been visited and inspected. The purpose of the thesis was to explore the problems that arise with the logistics in a limited space and find solutions that can be implemented on future construction projects.The aim of the study was to find the common factors that exist for the workplaces within a small area and find ways of working that can change the planning and execution of logistics.Surveys to professional workers and interviews with site managers and supervisors contributed with information to the report.After compiling the thesis work, the result shows that there are opportunities to change the working method of the work management to increase efficiency and productivity.In the study, it appears that there is a lack of communication in the workplaces as a large number of workers do not know when the next delivery of material takes place. In addition, the professional workers admit that they did not have a great influence over the business. Recommended solutions that were developed in the study were experience feedback and further development of the APD plan.

This thesis investigates the adoption of digital technologies to improve logistics processes in construction projects. The focus is on the main contractor firms and construction projects, but first-tier suppliers, transportation firms, and technology vendors are also considered. The logistics processes that are studied are order-to-delivery processes and on-site logistics. Order-to-delivery processes and on-site logistics play a critical role in ensuring the availability of goods for the construction process, in the right amount and time, at the right location, and without damage. Inefficient logistics processes that do not support construction projects with the right resources (materials, tools, and machinery) are one reason for low construction project performance. Inefficient logistics processes cause disruptions to construction projects, such as material stockouts, material surpluses, unavailability, idle waiting and searching time, and waste (e.g., damages). On a larger scale, inefficient logistics processes cause significant project delays and cost overruns. Therefore, improving logistics processes can improve construction project performance. To address the inefficiencies of logistics processes, main contractor firms face increased pressure to adopt digital technologies. It is known that adopting digital technologies can improve communication between project stakeholders, construction automation, and data acquisition, visualization, and analytics. The adoption of digital technologies has also been reported to improve the construction process, such as design, production, logistics, and procurement of materials and services. However, the adoption of digital technologies is a complex and inter-organizational process, and the industry's decentralized, project-driven nature makes many efforts ad hoc and one-of-a-kind endeavors. Moreover, there needs to be more clarity in the path of digital technology adoption for increasing construction project performance. A knowledge gap in this context has been a lack of actionable recommendations to practitioners, such as main contractor firms. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to formulate recommendations for the adoption of digital technologies that enable the main contractor firms to improve logistics processes. Based on this, the following research questions guide the research: RQ1: What are the drivers and barriers for the adoption of digital technologies at the project level from a main contractor perspective? RQ2: What are the effects on logistics processes when adopting digital technologies in construction projects? RQ3: What are the lessons learnt from the adoption of digital technologies in construction projects? The findings identify drivers and barriers to adopting digital technologies at the project level from a main contractor perspective, the effects of adopting digital technologies, and lessons learnt from adopting digital technologies in construction projects. Furthermore, a successful technology adoption process is driven by identifying the drivers and needs of the project and the stakeholders/individuals involved. It is also found that the effects of adopting digital technologies are: (a) re-designing the order-to-delivery processes and on-site logistics and (b) accessibility and monitorability of information. Moreover, this thesis proposes an enhanced understanding of the process undertaken by the main construction firms in adopting digital technologies. The thesis complements the knowledge of digital technology adoption by focusing on construction projects. The thesis fills in a knowledge gap by formulating actionable recommendations to main contractor firms and bringing clarity to the path of digital technology adoption for increasing construction project performance. / Denna avhandling studerar införandet av digital teknik för att förbättra logistikprocesser i byggprojekt. Avhandlingens fokus ligger på byggentreprenören och dess byggprojekt, men även leverantörer, transportföretag och teknikleverantörer beaktas. De logistikprocesser som studeras är order-till-leveransprocessen och arbetsplatslogistiken. Order-till-leveransprocesser och arbetsplatslogistiken spelar en avgörande roll för att säkerställa tillgången på resurser i produktionsskedet där de behöver levereras i rätt mängd och tid, på rätt plats och utan skador. Produktiviteten i byggprojekt är låg. En orsak till den låga produktiviteten är ineffektiva logistikprocesser som inte förser byggarbetsplatsen med rätt resurser (material, verktyg och maskiner). Ineffektiva logistikprocesser orsakar störningar i byggprojekt till följd av materialbrist, materialöverskott, otillgänglighet, outnyttjad tid (t.ex. vänte- och söktid), samt andra former av slöseri (t.ex. skador på material). Ineffektiva logistikprocesser leder också till betydande förseningar och kostnadsöverskridningar i byggprojekt. Därmed kan förbättrade logistikprocesser bidra till att öka produktivitet i byggprojekt. Samtidigt som att byggentreprenörer behöver ta itu med ineffektiva logistikprocesser står de även inför ett ökat tryck att ta till sig digital teknik. Användning av digital teknik kan förbättra kommunikationen mellan projektintressenter, automatisera byggprocesser samt underlätta datainsamling och visualisering och analys av denna data. Användandet av digital teknik har även rapporterats förbättra hela byggprocessen i termer av projektering, produktion, logistik och upphandling av material och tjänster. Att ta till sig digital teknik är däremot en komplex process som spänner över organisationsgränser. Branschens decentraliserade, projektdrivna karaktär försvårar för byggentreprenörer att ta till sig ny teknik, vilket leder till att insatserna är fragmenterade och görs ad hoc. Dessutom saknas en tydlig bild av för hur byggentreprenörer bör ta till sig ny digital teknik för att öka produktiviteten i byggprojekt. En kunskapslucka i detta sammanhang har varit bristen på praktiska rekommendationer för branschaktörer, till exempel byggentreprenörer. Syftet med denna avhandling att formulera rekommendationer för att ta till sig digital teknik som gör det möjligt för byggentreprenörer att förbättra sina logistikprocesser. Följande forskningsfrågor ska besvaras för att uppfylla avhandlingens syfte: RQ1: Vilka är drivkrafterna och hindren för att införa av digital teknik på projektnivå utifrån byggentreprenörens perspektiv? RQ2: Vilka effekter har införandet av digital teknik på logistikprocesser i byggprojekt? RQ3: Vilka är lärdomarna från att ta till sig av digital teknik i byggprojekt? Resultaten visar på drivkrafter och hinder för att ta till sig digital teknik på i byggprojekt ur ett byggentreprenörsperspektiv, effekterna av att ta till sig digital teknik och lärdomar från att ta till sig digital teknik i byggprojekt. Resultatet visar på att en framgångsrik process för att ta till sig digital teknik kan främjas av att identifiera drivkrafterna och behoven för projektet och de involverade aktörerna/individerna. Det har också visat sig att effekterna av att anta digital teknik är: (a) förändringar av order-till-leveransprocessen och arbetsplatslogistiken och (b) en förbättrad tillgänglighet och översikt av information. Dessutom bidrar denna avhandling till en ökad förståelse av hur en byggentreprenör tar till sig digital teknik med ett speciellt fokus på kunskap om att ta till sig digital teknik på byggprojekt. Avhandlingen bidrar även genom de praktiska rekommendationer som formulerats för byggentreprenörer och genom att tydliggöra tillvägagångssättet för digital teknikanvändning i syfte att öka byggprojektens produktivitet.

Transport efficiency within construction is low. One reason behind the lack of efficiency within the construction transport is the lack of proper logistics management that in turn results in problems of delivery reliability, material flows as well as material availability. Other issues caused by lack of proper logistics management are poor information sharing and poor transport planning. Poor information sharing results in outdated plans, last minutes changes, nonstandardized processes, whereas poor transport planning leads to low vehicle utilization, travelling extra due to poor routing, empty running, increased number of transports, improper material handling resulting in damages, etc. Therefore, lack of proper logistics management makes construction transports to use more resources (such as time, fuel, vehicle, energy, and effort) than needed which in turn has negative impact on the environment as well as on the productivity. Construction transport has not been given much focus in prior research because construction transport gets camouflaged in the purchasing price and therefore remains unnoticed as a distinct activity. This highlights the need to better understand construction transport to improve its efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore and describe the ways to measure and improve construction transport efficiency (CTE) by the use of logistics management. This is studied from two different perspectives: the main contractor and the transporter. In terms of logistics management, construction logistics setups (CLS) and performance measurements are studied. Following research questions fulfil the purpose of the thesis: RQ1: How to define and measure construction transport efficiency? RQ2: How can logistics management be used in improving construction transport efficiency? To answer the research questions, case study research has been used as there is a need to develop an in-depth and detailed understanding of construction transports. The thesis is based on two single case studies and one multiple case study. Data collection has been made via documents, interviews, and observations. The thesis defines construction transport efficiency and identifies performance measurements of importance within construction transport efficiency. However, there is a lack of useful data that makes it difficult to calculate most of the identified performance measures. The thesis enhances the understanding of lack of efficiency that exists within construction transports by identifying value adding, non-value adding, and necessary but non-value adding activities within construction transports. Furthermore, it shows that logistics management can be used in improving construction transport efficiency as logistics management has been found helpful in decreasing non-value adding transport activities such as waiting to load and unload, searching for the right unloading place, contacting the concerned person at site, putting a net on a filled waste container by the driver, taking pictures of the offloaded material etc. The thesis highlights the value that logistics services (such as material delivery management, on-site VMI, waste management) create for the main contractor and the transporter in terms of improving construction transport efficiency. Overall, this thesis increases the understanding of construction transport efficiency through the introduction of performance measures and providing examples of how logistics management can impact. The thesis is an important piece of knowledge in the bigger puzzle of developing performance measurement system (PMS). It contributes with a comprehensive, empirically based picture of value adding and non-value adding activities within construction transport.

The construction industry is a business with an intense flow of both material and information that require well-functioning logistics in order to not suffer from unnecessarily high costs. Suppliers play a big part regarding the costs of the distribution and handling of material and due to this a construction project’s costs are affected a great deal by the suppliers’ actions. Spinnrocken is a construction project in the town center of Norrköping. The real estate company Fastighets AB L E Lundbergs is the client and the construction company Skanska is contracted as sole constructor for the project. Spinnrocken is planned to be finalized in the summer of 2014 and consists of several rental-apartments and some smaller businesses. Spinnrocken and its central location result in major logistic challenges, because of this Lundbergs and Skanska want to analyze and evaluate the project’s logistic performance. The main purpose of this thesis is to measure the order fulfillment of interior materials, the scaffold material Doka and windows at Spinnrocken by using the so-called perfect order fulfillment measure, as defined in Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Perfect order fulfillment indicates the delivery performance to the construction site.The combined perfect order fulfillment for the three investigated materials is 18 %. A perfect order fulfillment of 18 % means that only one out of five inspected deliveries to Spinnrocken was considered having no faults at all. The effects of a low perfect order fulfillment are disruptions in the short-term time schedule, delayed operations, additional work and that the work space at the construction site is occupied by unnecessary construction material. The resulting effects thereby affects the project’s economy negatively.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about the material handling of a module house manufacturing company. In order to achieve the study's purpose, three research questions were formulated. ▪ Which factors affect material handling? ▪ Which factors are considered important for material handling? ▪ How can standardization improve material handling? Method – The study has been characterized by an inductive approach to conducting the case study. To achieve the purpose, empirical data has been collected via a pilot study, interviews, observations, and document studies from reality. Subsequently, previous theories were examined via a literature collection. Furthermore, the processing and analysis of collected empirics and theory have helped to answer the purpose and demonstrate the generalizability of the study. Findings – The study has focused on the entirety of the various processes and an understanding of the various factors that influence material handling has been obtained. The case study company has challenges to look at the entirety of the modular house production and separates the production and construction sites. The wastes transport, movement, waiting and unused skills are considered to be the most important wastes to reduce or eliminate. It is clear that the case study company’s new employees must constantly reinvent the wheel and learn from their own mistakes. Moreover, it is difficult to determine if the mistake is a deviation, error or insufficient knowledge. By implementing a standard for what should be on drawings and how materials are to be delivered from production to the construction sites, deviations and wastes can be reduced and costs reduced. Implications – The study is based on a problem area that already exists in separate theories and comparisons. However, operations that have a material handling that both concerns manufacturing and construction work have not previously been investigated to the same extent, which is the theoretical contribution of the study. The empirical contribution to the study is to identify which factors affect material handling in businesses that have common flows between manufacturing and construction work. Limitations – The study only addresses two of the material handling flows; the material flow and the information flow. The study also does not take into account the processes of suppliers, subcontractors, or customers. Finally, the study will not include financial calculations to demonstrate potential cost efficiencies. Keywords – Material handling, Lean, Construction logistics, Wastes, Current flow, Value stream mapping, Lean tools.