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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Le processus de construction de légitimité des contrôleurs de gestion / Management accountant's legitimacy construction process

Demaret, Julie 26 May 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse examine comment se construit et évolue la légitimité individuelle du contrôleur de gestion en situation dans l’organisation. Dans un premier temps, un cadre conceptuel est élaboré pour permettre l’étude de la légitimité professionnelle individuelle d’un contrôleur de gestion. Est en particulier mise en évidence la présence de natures et de sources de légitimité distinctes, sur lesquelles se fondent les stratégies de légitimation des contrôleurs. La recherche se fonde sur des études de cas multiples réalisées sur trois terrains distincts. Elle permet de dégager des trajectoires individuelles de construction de légitimité. L’analyse transversale des cas révèle les mécanismes collectifs qui peuvent orienter les trajectoires. Elle détaille les mécanismes d’évaluation qui conduisent les trajectoires à être fructueuses, mais aussi infructueuses. Elle démontre également « l’attraction » que les pressions institutionnelles exercent sur ces trajectoires individuelles de construction de légitimité. / This PhD dissertation examines how the professional legitimacy of management accountants is individually built and evolves over time in organizations. First, a conceptual framework is set to study the individual professional legitimacy of management accountants. It particularly clarifies how legitimation strategies are based on different natures and sources of legitimacy. This research is based on multiple in-depth case studies led in three different organizations. In-depth analysis for each case and inter-case comparison provide a framework for drafting trajectories. Our findings reveal that controllers’ individual legitimacy trajectories end up at a common legitimacy referential (functional legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy), in accordance with management accountant profession archetypes. Our results show institutional pressures placed on the management accountant legitimacy construction process.
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Barriärer vid implementering av miljöåtgärder i byggprocessens tidiga skeden : - En kvalitativ fallstudie om vilka åtgärder företag kan vidta för att reducera byggprocessens klimatavtryck / Barriers when implementing environmental measures during the early stages of the construction process : -  A qualitative case study on what measures companies can take to reduce the climate pressure of the construction process

Vukovic, Armina, Andrijevic, Niko January 2018 (has links)
The early stages of the construction process are crucial for achieving an optimal product from an environmental and sustainable perspective. It is primarily organizational and human factors limiting environmental and sustainability efforts. The barriers are described as time and cost constraints, knowledge, experience-feedback, ability to handle tools and a heterogeneous culture. Development contributes to change that need to be addressed with increased commitment and interest in all levels of the organization. The environmental and sustainability aspects need to be integrated into all working methods involving employees to increase understanding and raise knowledge. / De tidiga faserna inom byggprocessen är avgörande för att nå en optimal produkt ur ett miljö- och hållbarhetsperspektiv. Det är främst organisatoriska och mänskliga faktorer som begränsar miljö- och hållbarhetsarbete. Dessa barriärer beskrivs som tid- och kostnadsrestriktioner, kunskap, erfarenhetsåterföring, förmåga att hantera hjälpmedel samt en heterogen kultur. Utveckling bidrar till förändringsströmmar som behöver bemötas med ökat engagemang och intresse inom alla led av organisationen. Miljö- och hållbarhetsaspekten behöver integreras inom samtliga arbetsmetoder med involvering av medarbetare för att öka förståelse och höja kunskapsnivån.
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[en] THERMO-MECHANICAL STRESS ANALYSES IN WELLBORE CONSIDERING ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL APPROACHES / [pt] ANÁLISE TERMOMECÂNICA DAS TENSÕES EM POÇOS DE PETRÓLEO UTILIZANDO ABORDAGENS ANALÍTICA E NUMÉRICA

MARCELO SAMPAIO DE SIMONE TEIXEIRA 18 December 2017 (has links)
[pt] A análise das tensões em poços de petróleo é de extrema importância para a prevenção de acidentes durante as fases de construção e produção. As simulações devem aproximar-se ao máximo da realidade, representando da melhor forma as operações ao longo da vida útil do poço e, consequentemente, aumentando sua confiabilidade. Com esse objetivo, uma solução analítica é desenvolvida utilizando uma metodologia que simula a vida útil do poço. Nessa metodologia, consideram-se os efeitos das variações de temperatura em todo modelo e de poropressão na formação. Além disso, adotam-se os materiais em regime elástico, utilizando a hipótese de poço perfeitamente circular, vertical e com cargas uniformes. A solução analítica é calculada a partir das equações de Bradley para a perfuração, e de Lamé para as fases de descida do revestimento, cimento endurecido e produção. Nessa solução é feita uma compatibilidade de deslocamentos radiais entre as superfícies em contato, possibilitando o cálculo dos incrementos de tensão ao final de cada fase. Essa mesma metodologia é utilizada na modelagem por elementos finitos. A partir de dois estudos de caso, os resultados obtidos através das abordagens numérica e analítica são comparados. O primeiro estudo de caso representa um poço no Mar do Norte, e o segundo, um poço em um campo na Bacia de Santos, Brasil. Nos dois estudos de caso, são apresentadas as tensões radiais e tangenciais ao longo do revestimento, do cimento e da rocha, e também os índices de plastificação para o revestimento e para o cimento. No segundo estudo de caso, duas profundidades são avaliadas: no reservatório, considerando um revestimento, e em uma camada mais rasa, com dois revestimentos. Em ambos os estudos de caso, os resultados encontrados pela solução analítica são iguais aos obtidos pela solução numérica, validando, portanto, a solução analítica apresentada como uma alternativa para avaliação de tensões em condições ideais. / [en] The assessment of the wellbore stress state is extremely important in order to prevent accidents during construction and production phases. The methodology used in the models must be closer to reality, representing the wellbore lifespan operations, and consequently, enhancing the reliability of the wellbore. Thus, an analytical solution is developed using a methodology capable of simulating some of the main steps of the wellbore operations. In this methodology, the temperature and the pore pressure variations are considered. Besides that, it is used the assumption of circular and vertical wellbore under uniform loads, considering the elastic behavior of the materials. The analytical solution is developed using Bradley equation during the drilling step and Lamé equation during the construction and production steps. Therefore, the stresses after each step are calculated using the radial displacement compatibility between the surfaces in contact. This same methodology is used in the finite element model. Based on two case studies, the results obtained by the analytical and numerical solutions are compared. The first case study represents a wellbore in the North Sea while the second, a wellbore in a field in Santos Basin, Brazil. In both case studies, the radial and tangential stresses are presented for the casings, the cements and the formation, as well as the yield index in the casings and the cements. In the second case study, two depths are assessed: in the reservoir, considering one casing, and in a shallow depth, with two casings. In these two case studies, the results from the analytical and the numerical solutions are equal. Therefore, the analytical solution is validated as an alternative to assess the stresses in ideal wellbores.
34

Por que duas casas ficam em pé e uma cai? Estudo multicaso do processo construtivo de três habitações sociais em adobe nos assentamentos rurais Pirituba II e Sepé Tiaraju - SP - Brasil / Why two houses are standing and one fall? Multicase study of the construction process of three adobe social housing in rural settlements Pirituba II and Sepé Tiaraju - SP Brazil

Mauricio Guillermo Corba Barreto 02 December 2011 (has links)
No âmbito da Arquitetura e Construção com terra, a produção de habitação social rural, nos últimos 30 anos, tem começado a se posicionar como uma solução contemporânea e viável ao problema da necessidade habitacional no mundo. O adobe, apesar de ser uma das técnicas e tecnologias mais antigas, tem sido pouco praticado no Brasil para a construção de obras novas, em contextos como o da habitação social rural. No entanto, dentre outras iniciativas destacam-se as do Grupo de Pesquisa em Habitação e Sustentabilidade HABIS, vinculado ao Instituto de Arquitetura da Universidade de São Paulo IAU-USP, o qual promoveu a implementação do adobe para a produção de três habitações em dois Assentamentos Rurais, ambos localizados no estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o processo construtivo em adobe de três habitações, sendo um no Assentamento Rural Pirituba II e dois construídos no Assentamento Rural Sepé Tiaraju, buscando identificar condições possivelmente relacionadas à conservação de duas destas casas e ao colapso da outra. O trabalho se desenvolveu por meio da pesquisa ação e o estudo de múltiplos casos, tendo como principais resultados a definição de etapas, variáveis e características do processo construtivo dos três casos, a partir de: a) um estudo independente, encontrando razões que levaram ao colapso de uma casa e aspectos das etapas construtivas que possibilitaram às outras duas ficarem em pé, em função do Assentamento Rural de que fazem parte; b) um estudo grupal, encontrando, por meio da criação de uma ferramenta de categorização, semelhanças, diferenças, problemas e avanços das etapas construtivas das habitações estudadas; c) uma análise integral considerando os seguintes aspectos do processo construtivo das habitações estudadas: projeto geral no âmbito do qual foram desenvolvidos, atores, tradição construtiva e o meio natural e climático. Com o estudo desenvolvido foi possível realizar um breve panorama, sobretudo internacional, de 16 exemplos similares ao objeto empírico desta pesquisa. / The production of rural housing with earthen construction techniques, in the last 30 years, has represented a modern and viable solution to the problem of housing need in the world. The adobe, despite being one of the oldest earthen techniques, has been little used in Brazil for the construction of new houses, especially as rural social housing. However, among other initiatives, stands out the experience of the Research Group on Housing and Sustainability - HABIS, linked to the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of São Paulo (IAU-USP São Carlos), which promoted the implementation of adobe on the production of three houses in two rural settlements, both located in the state of São Paulo. This work aimed to investigate the construction process of these three adobe houses, one in the Rural Settlement Pirituba II and two built in Rural Settlement Sepé Tiaraju, and the conditions possibly related to the conservation of two houses and the collapse of another. The work was developed through the action research methodology and the study of multiple cases, and the main results was the definition of the steps, variables and characteristics of the construction process of the three cases, achieved from: a) an independent study, finding reasons that led to the collapse of a house and aspects of constructive steps that enabled the other two to be concluded, according to each Rural Settlement; b) a group of studies, which showed similarities, differences, problems and progress of the construction stages of the studied houses, through the creation of a tool for categorization; c) a comprehensive analysis considering the following aspects of the construction process of the studied houses: general project under which they were developed, actors, building tradition and the natural environment and climate. With this study it was also possible to conduct a brief overview, especially international, of 16 examples, similar to the empirical object of this research.
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Méthode collaborative de segmentation et classification d'objets à partir d'images de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale / Collaborative method of segmentation and classification of objects from remote sensing images with very high spatial resolution

Sellaouti, Aymen 16 September 2014 (has links)
Avec l’avènement des images satellitaires à très haute résolution, les approches pixelliques ne donnant plus entière satisfaction ont été remplacées par les approches objets. Cependant, ces approches restent tributaires de la première étape qui permet le passage du pixel vers l’objet, à savoir l’étape de construction. L’architecture séquentielle de ces approches fait que les erreurs de l’étape de construction se répercutent sur l’étape d’identification. Il devient donc primordial de passer de cette architecture séquentielle vers une architecture itérative permettant la collaboration entre les étapes de construction et d’identification. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’étude de l’étape de construction(i.e., la segmentation) comme base de départ pour les approches proposées. Nous avons proposé deux approches objets basées sur les techniques de segmentation les plus propices à la collaboration, à savoir les techniques régions et les techniques collaboratives région/contour. La première approche proposée se base sur une croissance sémantique hiérarchique. Elle permet de combiner les algorithmes de croissance de régions et les approches d’analyse d’images orientées objets. La croissance étant spécifique à la classe du germe de départ, nous avons proposé deux adaptations de l’approche sur les objets les plus rencontrés dans le contexte urbain, à savoir, les routes et les bâtiments. La deuxième approche utilise un algorithme évolutionnaire local permettant un paramétrage local des différents agents régions et contours évoluant au sein d’un système multi-agents. / Object based image analysis is a rising research area in remote sensing. However, existing approaches heavily rely on the object construction process, mainly due to the lack of interaction between the two steps, i.e., Construction and identification.In this thesis, we focused on the study of the construction phase (i.e., segmentation) as a basis for the proposed approaches. The first proposed approach is based on a hierarchical semantic growth. This approach allows merging region-growing algorithms and Object Based Image Analysis approaches. Due to the dependency of the semantic growth on the seed class, we propose two adaptations of the approach on the most used class in the urban context, i.e., roadsand buildings. The second approach benefits of both multi-agent systems and genetic algorithms characteristics. It overcomes the threshold’s dependency of the proposed cooperative multi-agent system between an edge approach and a region approach. The genetic algorithm is used to automatically find building extraction parameters for each agent based on expert knowledge. The proposed approaches have been validated on a very high-resolution image of the urban area of Strasbourg.
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Prefabricerade betongbroar över järnväg - En jämförelse mellan traditionell platsgjuten konstruktion och prefab på plats / Prefabricated concrete bridges over railway - A comparison between traditional cast on site construction and precast on site

Eriksson, Andreas, Larsson, Nils January 2016 (has links)
När nya betongbroar över järnväg ska upprättas finns det många aspekter som försvårar byggandet, som t.ex. att trafiken inte kan stoppas helt förutom under kortare perioder under byggtiden. Tågstoppen planeras in många år i förväg vilket gör att produktionen måste planeras och utföras utefter de planerade stoppen. Det är svårt att få till en industrialiserad brobyggnadsprocess med högre effektivitet och mer upprepning. Den traditionella platsgjutna metoden är den metod som är vanligast i Sverige trots att det finns metoder som skulle kunna ersätta den. Det huvudsakliga syftet med rapporten är att ta reda på om prefabricerade betongelement på plats är en möjlig metod för att underlätta byggandet av nya betongbroar över järnväg. Denna rapport baseras på en fallstudie av ett befintligt broprojekt för att se vilka fördelar och förbättringar metoden med prefab på plats kan ge i olika aspekter. Utöver detta har intervjuer och en enkätundersökning genomförts för att samla in material och åsikter om prefab och industrialiserade brobyggnadsprocesser. Resultatet i denna rapport visar att metoden med prefab på plats är mer fördelaktig än den traditionella platsgjutna metoden i flera hänseenden. Det är en metod som gör det möjligt att nå upprepning och serietillverkning av broar. Vid intervjuerna framkom att entreprenörerna är intresserade av prefablösningar men bland annat krav på utformning och konservativ syn på prefab från beställarna hindrar möjligheterna för att tillämpa metoden / When new concrete bridges over railway is to be established there are many aspects that complicates the construction, such as that traffic not can be stopped completely except for short periods during the construction process. The train stop is planned many years in advance, which means that construction must be planned and performed along the planned stops. It is difficult to get to an industrial bridge construction process with higher efficiency and more repetition. The traditional cast on site method is the most common in Sweden although there are methods that could replace it. The main purpose of the report is to find out if precast concrete elements on site is a possible method to facilitate the construction of new concrete bridges over the railway. This report is based on a case study of an existing bridge project to see the benefits and improvements the method with precast on site can provide in various aspects. Also interviews and surveys was conducted to collect opinions about prefabrication and industrial bridge construction. The results in this report show that the method of prefab on site is more advantageous than the traditional cast on site method in several respects. It is a method that makes it possible to reach repetition and serial production of bridges. The interviews revealed that contractors are interested in prefabricated solutions, but among other requirements for the design and conservative view of prefabrication from clients prevents the possibility of applying the method.
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Estakáda na silnici I/57 / Flyover bridge on the I/57 road

Paleček, Vladimír January 2019 (has links)
The aim of the diploma thesis is the design of a continuous bridge construction of five fields in the direction of the town Albrechtice - Opava. The bridge overcame local roads and railway tracks and is part of the bypass of Albrechtice. From the three proposed variants, a pre-stressed two-beam structure was selected for the detailed solution and it is assessed according to the limit states and includes the effects of gradual construction. Further detailed drawings are drawn up.
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En analytisk studie av kompetensbrist som ett hinder för ett framgångsrikt byggande i trä : Med utgångspunkt i aktörernas omställning och påverkningsgrad på träbyggnadsprocessen / An Analytical Study of Lacking Competence as an Obstacle to the Progress of Successful Building with Wood : Based on the adaptation and degree of influence of the actors within the wooden building process

Hellenborn, Benjamin, Haglund, Kristoffer January 2020 (has links)
Syfte: Det moderna samhället befinner sig i en miljökris där utsläppsnivåerna måste minska om den globala uppvärmningen skall begränsas till 1,5 Co . Byggsektorn står för 21% av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp, 36% av den totala energianvändningen och 31% av allt genererat avfall. Forskningen visar att en ökning av andelen trä i nyproducerade byggnader kan minska koldioxidutsläppen. Denna rapport syftar till att kartlägga de faktorer relaterade till kompetensbrist som negativt påverkar ett framgångsrikt byggande i trä. Metod: Genom en litteraturstudie av befintlig forskning på området har forskningsfronten kartlagts och använts som utgångspunkt för studiens datainsamling. Primärdatainsamlingen är gjord som semi-strukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. Empiri har analyserats tematiskt i syfte att finna de mönster som framträder i data. Resultat: Kompetensbristen hos beställare är den enskilt största faktorn som negativt påverkar ett framgångsrikt byggande i trä. För att beställare ska bygga i trä måste det vara ekonomiskt lönsamt. Kompetensbristen anses ligga i att identifiera de nya arbetssätten och utmaningarna som att bygga i trä medför snarare än att lösa problemen i sig. För att uppnå ett ökat framgångsrikt byggande i trä krävs en omställning hos alla aktörer. Störst och förmodligen svårast att motivera är den hos de stora entreprenadföretagen på grund av delägarskap i betongindustrin och företagens storlek. Konsekvenser: Genom att identifiera faktorer som negativt påverkar ett framgångsrikt byggande i trä, skapas ett underlag för en utveckling av det moderna träbyggandet och på så sätt ett bidrag till att minska byggsektorns miljöpåverkan. Rekommendation: Precisa beräkningsmodeller för trähus behövs för att kunna göra exakta kalkyler. En nyckelfaktor till att minimera den ekonomiska osäkerheten hos beslutsfattare är exakta kalkyler. Begränsningar: Något som eventuellt kan begränsa studien är den geografiska utspridningen, alla representanter kommer främst från södra delarna av Sverige. Detta gör att utspridningen inte är representativ för hela landet. Vissa discipliner inom branschen representeras endast av en respondent och ingen hänsyn har tagis till olika upphandlingsformers påverkan. / Purpose: The modern society is in the midst of an environmental crisis and carbon dioxide emissions must decrease if the global warming is to be limited to 1,5 Co . The construction sector in Sweden is responsible for 21% of the total carbon dioxide emissions, 36% of total energy usage and 31% of all waste. Research implies that by increasing the amount of wood in buildings the amount of carbon dioxide emitted can be reduced. This report aims to map out the factors linked to a lack of competence that hinders the progress of successful building with wood. Method: By performing a study of the existing literature on the subject the most relevant research can be converged and used as a starting point for the data collection part of this study. The primary data collection is conducted through semi-structured qualitative interviews. Empiricism was analyzed thematically with the purpose of finding patterns that present themselves in data. Findings: Developers that are lacking competence is believed to be the single greatest factor that hinders the progress of successful building with wood. If developers are to build with wood it has to be financially profitable. The lack of competence is believed to be connected to identifying the new work procedures and challenges that building with wood induces rather than solving the problem itself. If an increased usage of wood in construction is to be achieved all involved actors must readjust their practices. The greatest and probably the most difficult readjustment to motivate is the one that has to be made by the largest contractors because of their part-ownership in the concrete industry and the size of the companies. Implications: By identifying the factors that negatively affect the progress of successful building with wood a foundation for further development of modern wood construction can be established and assist in reducing the environmental impact of the construction sector. Recommendation: Precise calculation models for wood buildings are required for improving the accuracy of cost calculations. A key factor to minimizing the economic uncertainties of decisionmakers is accurate cost calculations. Limitations: The geographical diffusion of the study might limit its use. The respondents originate mostly from the southern part of Sweden. The diffusion might not be representative of the entire country. Some disciplines within the construction industry are represented by a single respondent and different forms of procurement has not been taken in to consideration.
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Agile project management in the design stage – Construction projects possibilities to apply agile methods / Agil projektledning i projekteringen – Byggprojekts möjligheter att tillämpa agila metoder

Ekström, Axel, Pettersson, Emma January 2016 (has links)
The construction industry has a clear process it follows therefore the working method within it also has become rigid. Through long time the stage-gate model has been used by the project management. Construction projects are often complex, have long stages and long decisions routes. When a stage is completed questions have been raised and lead to that change is needed to be made before moving on to next stage. This takes time, costs more than calculated and the function gets compromised. The purpose with this thesis is to investigate if the current project management approach can be performed more efficiently by applying agile project management to the design stage. This thesis is performed with a qualitative research approach. It started with a thoroughly literature review of relevant topics such as agile project management, the construction process and change management. When a solid base of knowledge was gathered about the research area an interview study was conducted and a survey was sent out. The findings are a result from the interview study and the survey. The interview questions and findings are divided into four focus areas of agile project management which are project planning, meeting structure, group collaboration and communication. The discussion connects the literature with the information from the interviews and the discussion is presented with the reflections from the authors. The conclusions present the answers on the research questions. The final chapter about further research is presenting perspectives that have not been answered in this thesis. The thesis concludes that project management methods within construction projects are not as rigid as it is described in the literature. The lack of knowledge and awareness of other working methods creates a culture of "this is how it always has been done" within the four focus areas of agile project management. All of the reference projects were time pressured and it was in those situations where ii most tendencies to adjust management method was shown. The studied projects had fixed meeting structures and when emergency occurred, extra meetings were held. The project management teams had good collaboration due to that they were co-located and not too big groups. The co-location also facilitated the communication which was compared to team members that were not co-located and struggled with the communication. The communication generally worked well vertically and was struggling horizontally. Agile project management cannot be achieved to 100% and it is difficult to apply all of its characteristics on the construction industry since it was developed from the software industry which has other traits than construction. On the other hand, agile project management is a mindset of continuously improvement and flexibility of the used working methods which can be used by the construction industry. The construction industry has to follow some specific processes such as applying for building permits and is affected by political decisions. Therefore the current project management methods are restricted to follow certain frameworks. The framework is hard to change though it leaves space for changed methods and attitudes within the framework and the design stage. All types of construction projects can use the agile mindset and it is important that the whole organization relates to the agile mindset to achieve greatest outcome. Steps towards agile can be done in current projects by emphasis more on reconciliations and let the projects progression decide the meeting structure. / Byggprocessen är en väletablerad process inom byggindustrin som byggprojekt genomgår. Genom de tydliga och historiska riktlinjerna som processen följer har byggindustrin fått anseendet att vara stel och konservativ. För att hantera byggprocessen har projektledningen följt Stage-gate modellen med tydliga delmål och beslutsgrindar. Byggprojekt är ofta komplicerade och stora vilket leder till långa beslutsvägar. När ett projekt når en grind vid ett avslut av ett delmål uppstår ofta frågor som leder till förändringar av delmålet. För att behandla förändringarna så behöver processen genomgå ett omtag, att göra om delmålet innan processen kan gå vidare till nästa delmål. Omtagen tar tid, kostar pengar och det kompromissas med funktionen. Denna uppsats har som mål att undersöka om den aktuella projektledningsmetoden kan effektiviseras genom att introducera agil projektledning i projekteringen. Uppsatsen genomförs med en kvalitativ metod. Det första steget är att finna relevant litteratur om berörda ämnen som agil projektledning, byggprocessen och förändringsledning. Med fördjupad kunskap och förståelse inom ämnena genomfördes en intervjustudie och en enkät sändes ut. Resultaten identifierades från intervjuerna och svaren från enkäten. Intervjufrågorna och resultatet är uppdelat i fyra olika agila kategorier som anses gå att applicera på byggindustrin. Kategorierna är projektplanering, mötesstruktur, gruppsamarbete och kommunikation. Resultatet följs utav diskussionen som binder samman litteraturen med resultatet och författarnas reflektioner. Därefter presenteras slutsatsen och avslutningsvis rekommenderas frågeställningar till fortsatta undersökningar. Projektledningsmetoderna som används inom byggprojekt upplevdes inte lika stela som litteraturen beskriver dock fanns det lite kunskap och medvetenhet om andra typer av projektledningsmetoder. Avsaknaden är en bidragande faktor till att den upplevda kulturen anses vara konservativ. Inom de fyra kategorierna fanns det möjligheter till att arbeta mer agilt. När projekten är tidspressade visades mest benägenhet på att förändra projektledningsmetoden. Detta kunde ses tydligt på mötesstrukturen i projekten där den var fast ifrån början men blev mer rörlig då kritiska situationer uppstod. Gruppsamarbetet fungerade bra inom projektledningen för att de var samlokaliserade och inte för stora grupper. Detta underlättade även för en fungerande kommunikation då det märktes att de som inte var samlokaliserade hade svårigheter med kommunikationen. De horisontella kommunikationsvägarna hade generellt sett svårare att fungera än de vertikala kommunikationsvägarna. Eftersom agilt inte är en standard utan är ett arbetssätt som alltid strävar efter att förbättras är det svårt att uppnå ett 100 % agilt arbetssätt. Inom byggindustrin finns vissa ramverk som ska följas vilket gör att projektledningen begränsas. Med fasta ramverk finns lite utrymme för förändring men det finns möjlighet till att förändra processen och tankesättet inom ramverket. Alla typer av byggprojekt kan därför anamma delar av agil projektledning och för att uppnå största möjliga effekt gäller det att hela organisationen är engagerad. Andra enkla steg för att arbeta mer agilt inom projektledningen är att lägga mer vikt vid avstämningsmöten och låta projektets utveckling bestämma mötesstrukturen.
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Kommunikation och samarbete i ett byggprojekt : Hur uppfattar vi varandra? / Communication and cooperation in a construction project : How do we intrepret each other?

Edman, Robert, Lunde, Christopher January 2014 (has links)
Byggbranschen anses vara en konservativ bransch både vad gäller teknik och samarbetsformer. Det oerhörda trycket på byggbranschen och det stora antalet byggprojekt som utförs idag gör att en del komplikationer uppstår. Detta kan bl. a. bero på tidsbrist, kompetensbrist och samarbetsproblem. I vissa projekt fungerar samarbetet utmärkt mellan projektets olika parter men i allt för många projekt är samarbetet mellan parterna bristfällig. Detta kan medföra ”onödiga” ekonomiska och eller tidsmässiga konsekvenser. I samhället idag är kommunikation nyckeln till ett lyckat samarbete. Även i byggbranschen belyses kommunikation som en nyckel till ett lyckat projekt. Branschen är i ett läge där denna debatt är intressant men ännu inte riktigt kommit upp på bordet. Vårt mål med projektet är att väcka denna debatt och undersöka hur samarbetet mellan parterna egentligen fungerar, varför det fungerar/inte fungerar och hur det eventuellt kan förbättras. I examensarbetet granskas samspelet mellan de 4 aktörerna Beställare, Projektledare/Byggledare, projekterande Konsult och Entreprenör för att utreda vad som ibland skapar denna kommunikationsbrist och samarbetsproblem. Genom intervjuer och empiriska undersökningar har vi skapat oss en uppfattning om hur parterna uppfattar samarbete och kommunikation i tidigare och nuvarande projekt. Vad har de saknat? Vad tycker de fungerar? Hur skulle de vilja samarbeta och utveckla kommunikation till det bättre? Som en stöttepelare till intervjuerna har en elektronisk undersökning gjorts där 113 svar redovisats, behandlats, analyserats. De som fått tillgång till den elektroniska undersökningen är de företag där intervjuerna gjorts samt tjänstemän från ett ytterligare tiotal olika företag med varierande storlek och omsättning. Utifrån intervjuerna och den elektroniska undersökningen kan vi konstatera att den generella synen mot andra parter i ett byggprojekt är mycket god med några få reservationer. Utefter den frågeställning vi gjorde inledningsvis kan vi nu konstatera att entreprenadform har mindre betydelse för kommunikation och samarbete i ett projekt. Dock har vi kommit fram till att det existerar vissa nyckelord för att uppnå god kommunikation och ett gott samarbete i ett projekt. Nyckelorden vi har kommit fram till är: starten i ett projekt, gemensamma mål, personkemi, beslutskraft, tydlighet och kunskap. / The construction industry is considered to be a conservative industry both in technology and forms of cooperation. The immense pressure on the construction industry and the large number of construction projects that are currently being undertaken in a number of complications arise. This may be due to time constraints, skill shortages and cooperation problems. In some projects the cooperation between the project partners works very well, but in too many projects the collaboration between the parties is inadequate. This can result in "unnecessary" financial and or timing implications. In society today, communication is the key to a successful cooperation. Even in the construction industry communication are highlighted as a key to a successful project. The industry is in a position where this debate is interesting but not yet being highlighted. Our goal with this study is to bring this debate and examine how cooperation between the parties really works, why it works/does not work and how it might be improved. The thesis examines the interplay between the four actors Client, Project Manager/Construction Manager, project planning Consultant and Contractor to investigate what sometimes creates this lack of communication and cooperation problems. Through interviews and empirical studies, we have created an impression of how the parties perceive cooperation and communication in past and current projects. What have they missed? How do they work? How would they like to work together and develop communication for the better? As a mainstay of the interviews, an electronic survey carried out in which 113 responses recorded, processed, analyzed. Those who had access to the electronic survey are companies where the interviews made ​​and officers from an additional ten different companies of varying size and turnover. Based on the interviews and the electronic survey, we can conclude that the general perception to other parties on a construction project is very good with a few reservations. Along the issue we did initially, we can now conclude that the contract form is less important for communication and collaboration in a project. However, we have concluded that there are certain keywords in order to achieve good communication and good cooperation in a project. The key words we've come up with is: the start of a project, shared goals, personal chemistry, decisiveness, clarity, and knowledge.

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