<p>The purpose of this essay is mainly to study the reason behind students' visits to restaurants, and also their restaurant habits. The study also intends to find a possible difference in students dining habits among the different social classes; working class and middle class.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong>This study contains qualitative methods. The qualitative research method is in the shape of deep interviews with ten students from different social classes who’s registered at Södertörns  högskola.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The results of this investigation show that the consumer society along with the respondent’s habitus and access to capital, has influenced and created their opinions and habits around eating out. This has also created the similarities and differences between them.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords:</p><p>Habtitus, consumption, restaurant, social class, consumer society</p>

The purpose of this essay is mainly to study the reason behind students' visits to restaurants, and also their restaurant habits. The study also intends to find a possible difference in students dining habits among the different social classes; working class and middle class.    This study contains qualitative methods. The qualitative research method is in the shape of deep interviews with ten students from different social classes who’s registered at Södertörns  högskola.   The results of this investigation show that the consumer society along with the respondent’s habitus and access to capital, has influenced and created their opinions and habits around eating out. This has also created the similarities and differences between them.   Keywords: Habtitus, consumption, restaurant, social class, consumer society

Darbe pateikiama dviejų vienos žymiausių lietuvių populiariosios bei postmoderniosios prozos rašytojos Jurgos Ivanauskaitės romanų „Ragana ir lietus“ (1993) ir „Placebas“ (2002) analizė pasirinktu aspektu. Romanai pasirinkti dėl pagrindinių veikėjų panašumų: jas jungia gyvenimo isto-rijos, patiriamos meilės jausmas, gyvenimas modernybės laikais, vartotojiškoje visuomenėje. Darbe analizuojamos trys veikėjos: Viktorija („Ragana ir lietus“), Rita ir Julija („Placebas“). Akcentuojamos sąsajos tarp šių veikėjų nesugebėjimo patirti meilės, jos painiojimas su daugybe nebrandžių meilės formų: mazochistine, sadistiška, erotine, užvaldančia, stabmeldiška. Darbe keliama problema: Kas lemia veikėjų nesugebėjimą mylėti J. Ivanauskaitės ro-manuose? Svarbiausiu meilės jausmo degradacijos veiksniu, lemiančiu individo negebėjimą patirti meilės bei užmegzti su kitais asmenimis brandžių tarpusavio santykių, laikomas gyvenimas vartoto-jiškoje visuomenėje, kurioje vertybių skalė yra suardyta. Tiek vyrai, tiek moterys šiuolaikinėje visuo-menėje, kurioje vyrauja jaunystės ir gražaus kūno kultai, neišvengiamai išgyvena asmens tapatumo krizę. Remiantis Vytautu Kavoliu, juos galima vadinti krizės asmenybėmis, šios sąvokos aiškinimas dominuoja visame darbe. Tai asmenybė, nesugebanti sąmoningai konstruoti savo tapatumo, svyruojan-ti tarp daugybės pasirinkimų ir kraštutinumų, linkusi į savinaiką ir destrukciją. Nesugebėjimas patirti meilės tampa sprogstamuoju užtaisu, sunaikinančiu ne tik veikėjų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis provides for an analysis from certain point of view of two novels, “The Witch and the Rain” (1993) and “Placebo” (2002), written by Jurga Ivanauskaitė, one of the best-known Lithuanian authors of popular and post-modern prose. The novels were chosen due to the similarity of their key characters: they are united by the histories of their life, the feeling of love they are experiencing, life in the modern times, in the consumer society. Three characters are analysed: Viktorija (“The Witch and the Rain”), Rita and Julija (“Placebo”). The links between the characters with regard to their inability to feel love are emphasized, they are muddled up with many immature forms of love: masochistic, sadistic, erotic, overwhelming, and idolatrous. The problem raised in the thesis is as follows: What has determined the inability of the characters to love in the novels by J. Ivanauskaitė? Life in the consumer society, the scale of values in which is tattered, is the key factor of degradation of the feeling of love that determines the inability of an individual to feel love and enter into mature relations with other persons. Both men and women in the modern society, where youth and the cult of a beautiful body predominate, are inevitably experiencing the identity crisis. According to Vytautas Kavolis, they can be called crisis personalities, and the explanation of this concept predominates in the entire thesis. This is a person unable to consciously construe his/her identity... [to full text]

Galima sakyti, kad vartojimo visuomenėje žmogus dažnai orientuojamas iš išorės. Turbūt neatsirastų abejojančių, kad didžiausią įtaką vartotojškų vertybių formavimuisi turi masinės komunikacijos priemonės.Pagrindinę vietą šiame procese užima televizijos reklama. / Consumerism has become the central axis of modern society.Consumerism has one particular quality, namely that it exists everywhere and at the same time it is short-lived.Life itself is organised around one's possessions.Consumers often choose certain product, service and activities because those are linked to a particular life style.The main role here is played by television advertisement.

Darbe analizuojamas teatro ir vartotojiškos visuomenės santykis. Suformuluojami vartotojiškos visuomenės bruožai, kurių atpažinimas bei išskirtinumas yra būtinas norint įvardinti bei apžvelgti skirtingą požiūrį teatre į vartotojų visuomenę. Atsižvelgiama į pavėluotą vartotojiškumo paplitimą Lietuvoje dėl vyravusios politinės situacijos – sovietinės okupacijos. Todėl aptariama situacija nuo 1990 metų, kuomet atkūrus nepriklausomybę Lietuvą pasiekė vakarietiškos tendencijos. Siekiant atskleisti nevienareikšmiška teatro santykį su vartotojiška kultūra, remiantis antropologijos mokslininkų įžvalgomis, aptariamas teatro ir visuomenės santykis bei vienas kitam daroma įtaka. Tokiu būdu atskleidžiamas modernistinis santykis su vartotoju visuomene, kuris pasireiškia jos neigiamų bruožų demonstravimu, kritika ir skatinimu keistis. Aptariami scenos meno pavyzdžiai iliustruojantys teatro ir vartotojiškos visuomenės santykį. Vis dėlto, po 1990 metų Lietuvą pasiekė postmodernizmo idėjos, kurios taip pat turėjo įtakos formuluojant požiūrį į vartotojišką visuomenę. Remiantis naujojo realizmo pavyzdžiais, atskleidžiamas postmodernizmui būdingas savirefleksijos principas, kuomet nesiekiami nuneigti vartotojiškos visuomenės principai kaip tarpstanti neigiamybė sociume, tačiau apsvarstoma egzistencija tokioje visuomenėje. Darbe aptariamas vartotojiškumo įsigalėjimas teatro kūryboje. Apžvelgiama pakitusi geismo samprata ir jo svarba vartotojų poreikiams. Tokiu būdu pastebima, kad scenos meno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis presents relations between theatre and consumer society. First of all the aim of paper is to describe the features of consumer society. Also, it is important to show the late formation of consumer society in Lithuania because of soviet occupation. This occupation is the main reason of late western tendencies in Lithuania’s culture including consumerism. Also it is important to understand relations between theatre and society because it helps to show and discover different approaches to consumer’s society in Lithuania’s theatre. There is shown in the paper modern critic of consumer society then consumerism is shown like a wrong decision which must be changed. There are examples in the paper illustrating this tendency. But after 90’s postmodern tendencies comes to Lithuanian culture. Which is still important talking about consumerism and it’s reflection in theatre. Postmodern relations with consumer society are based on self reflection and self critic. Also there is third manner between theatre and consumer society which is based on consumerism influence to theatre production. There are important to create a lust to spectators and performance becomes one of consumed products to consumer join.

Reklama, kurioje veikia literatūrinis, mitologinis ar folklorinis personažas, kuria vientisą ir labai konkretų įvaizdį, kuris apima tiek reklamos kūrėją ir vartotoją, tiek ir reklamos pardavėją bei visuomenę. Šio darbo objektas – literatūriniai, mitologiniai ir folkloriniai personažai, veikiantys reklamos diskurse. Minėti personažai, palikę savo autorius ir pirminius kūrinius, ateina į reklamos diskursą, virsdami savarankiškai gyvuojančiais objektais. Reklamos kūrėjų pagrindinė užduotis – pristatyti personažus taip, kad vartotojas, juos pamatęs reklamos diskurse, greičiau atpažintų – tokiu būdu net ir kitoje disciplinoje personažų kuriami konceptai išlieka populiarūs ir paveikūs. Magistro darbe analizuojama, kaip buvo kuriami literatūriniai, mitologiniai, folkloriniai personažai ir kokią funkciją jie atliko savo pirminiuose kūriniuose, nagrinėjama, kaip jie keičiasi, patekę į reklamos diskursą. Literatūrinėje plotmėje personažai veikė pagal vienokias taisykles – kūrinio autoriaus sugalvotą siužetą, o dabar, įkelti į reklamos diskursą, šie personažai yra perkuriami pagal reklamos kūrėjui reikiamą strategiją. Perkurti personažai pasiekia reklamos vartotoją ir ima veikti interteksto pagrindu, tačiau implikuojant visiškai naujas reikšmes, t. y. vartotojas reklaminį pranešimą, kuriame veikia literatūriniai, mitologiniai ar folkloriniai personažai, perskaito visiškai naujai – pagal reklamai galiojančius reikalavimus ir taisykles. Literatūriniai, mitologiniai ir folkloriniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Advertisement in which literary, mythological or folkloric character acts, creates a single and very specific image that embraces both advertiser and user, as well as advertising dealer and society.Object of this work: literary, mythological and folkloric characters, acting in advertising discourse. These characters having left their original authors and works come to advertising discourse turning into individually existing subjects. The main task of ad creators is to present the characters so that the user, seeing them in advertising discourse, recognizes them as fast as possible – in that way, even the concepts created by the characters in other disciplines remain popular and influential. Master thesis analyzes how the literary, mythological, folkloric characters were created and what function they performed in their original works, as well as how they change having entered the advertising discourse. In the literary context, the characters acted in accordance with the rules in one way - the author’s conceived plot, and now, entered into the discourse of advertising, these characters are rebuilt according to the strategy necessary for the advertisers. Recreated characters reach the ad consumer and start acting on the intertext basis, but implying entirely new meanings, i.e. consumer reads the advertisements with acting literary, mythological and folkloric characters, in the totally new way: according to requirements and regulations applied for advertising. Literary... [to full text]

[pt] O objetivo do trabalho Avós e netos: vínculos de cuidado na atualidade é analisar os vínculos de cuidado entre avós e netos das classes baixas da população carioca. Tendo por base a teoria do desenvolvimento emocional de Winnicott. O papel da mãe-ambiente e do cuidado são conceitos que enfatizamos para evidenciar o exercício satisfatório dessas avós no papel materno. Para tanto, escolhemos o projeto social denominado Cuidando de Quem Cuida, o qual a pesquisadora exerce trabalho voluntário há quatro anos. Foram, então, selecionadas seis avós integrantes e ex-integrantes do projeto, sinalizando um vínculo pré-estabelecido, e que vivenciam o papel de cuidadora dos netos. Utilizamos como instrumento uma entrevista com roteiro oculto semiestruturado que nos possibilitou a divisão de quatro categorias: Mães-avós, Cuidado, Contraste geracional e Limite. Constatamos, em seus discursos, que apesar de cada mãe apresentar uma questão que impede a criação de seus filhos, essas avós assumem essa função a partir da existência dessa lacuna na função materna. Busca-se, assim, ainda a figura feminina dentro da família como responsável pela continuidade do cuidado. A partir disso, podemos considerar que esse contexto contribui para a maior participação das avós no cuidado dos netos, preenchendo esse vazio no uso da autoridade e resgatando o valor da tradição para exercer um papel organizador no psiquismo dos netos. Na análise das entrevistas, observamos discursos que consideram o consumo de informação, de mercadorias e de alimentos como possibilidade de transmitir o afeto que não conseguem oferecer no cotidiano. / [en] Based on Winnicott s theory of emotional development, the Grandmothers and grandchildren: care links in current times study aims to analyze the care links between grandmothers and their grandchildren of the carioca lower classes. The role of environmental mother and the care are concepts we emphasize to demonstrate the satisfactory exercise of grandmothers in the maternal role. To achieve this goal, we chose the social project named Taking Care of Carers in which the researcher has been working for four years. Six grandmothers, members or former members of the project, were selected, indicating a predetermined bond and that perform the role of their grandchildren s carer. To base the research, we used a concealed semistructured scrip interview that made it possible to create a four-category division: Mothers-grandmothers, Care, Generational Contrast, and Limit. In their speeches, we detected that, although each mother presents a reason blocking them raising their children, those grandmothers take that role for them – considering that maternal lack for the kids. Therefore, the woman in the family is still seen as the responsible for the continuity of the care. Based on that, we may consider that the context contributes for a grandmothers greater participation in taking care of grandchildren, wich fullfills that lack in use of the authority and recovers the tradition value of performing an organizer role on the grandchildren s psyque. In the interview analysis, we noticed speeches that consider the consumption of information, goods, and food, as a possibility of transmiting the affection that cannot be daily offered.

The diploma thesis has the title Social aspects of consumerism as a phenomenon of the present time. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters. The introduction chapter is designed as a theoretical framework of the whole thesis. That is why it describes hedonism as the original philosophy, consumer mentality and also the historical-cultural context of the development of the consumer society. The second chapter is in order to clarify main concepts devoted to terminological definition of consumerism and it also specifies concepts such as consumer society, consumerism etc. The third chapter focuses on aspects of consumer behaviour from marketing perspective, such as the cultural influences, personality determinants of consumers and impact of advertising. To social aspects of consumer behaviour that are the main object of study in this work is devoted the fourth chapter. The last chapter outlines the negative effects associated with consumer society, what involves issues of environmentalism in the context of the consumer society, further I mention modern forms of addiction (oniomania, shopaholism) and in the conclusion there are considered questions of what happens to our souls in the time of dominant, increasing, consumer thinking. The aim of this work is to map the social aspects of consumerism in the target group aged 30-55 years. Considering the methodological point of view, I applied a qualitative approach. Emphasis was placed on methodological triangulation of techniques therefore there were selected two data collection techniques - narrative interview technique (17 respondents) and the technique off standardized questionnaire (20 respondents). Primary data was coded/indexed and processed according to Ritchie and Spencer frame analysis method. In this diploma thesis there were set for research questions. The results show that two-thirds of respondents are aware of the influence that family has on their consumption patterns. Considering the dominance of married couples are decisions about shopping subordinated to traditional gender role - the dominant person is in two-thirds of families by shopping woman. The results also show that almost three quarters of respondents perceive regardless of their own income or education, their own social prestige as a middle-class one. Results also show that in the higher income categories were respondents more open to the influence of environment, their preference in clothing, choice of car and type of housing and lifestyle. The opinions of respondents on the life on loan have been predominantly unified - the vast majority of respondents rated this method of obtaining finance negatively. Characteristic common features in consumer behaviour in a middle class can be seen in a single perception of own social prestige as a middle-class one. Another common feature is a realistic idea related to the increased income that would bring respondents the feeling of happiness. Respondents also share negative attitude to life on the loan. On the basis of framework analysis and data interpretation, there were induced following theoretical concepts.

Submitted by CARLOS AURÉLIO SOBRINHO null (casobrinho@uol.com.br) on 2016-11-18T14:26:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A falácia do desenvolvimento sustentável - uma análise a partir da sociedade de consumo.pdf: 3558860 bytes, checksum: 1cf466bf3d2be435caa98f68cc43df4b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-23T19:51:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sobrinho_ca_dr_mar.pdf: 3558860 bytes, checksum: 1cf466bf3d2be435caa98f68cc43df4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-23T19:51:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sobrinho_ca_dr_mar.pdf: 3558860 bytes, checksum: 1cf466bf3d2be435caa98f68cc43df4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 / O princípio da sustentabilidade ambiental emergido nos anos 80 do século passado, especialmente após a publicação do Relatório Nosso Futuro Comum – ou Relatório Brundtland–, elaborado pela Comissão Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD), órgão vinculado à Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) é o grande mote dos discursos empresariais e governamentais da atualidade. Nesse sentido nossa pesquisa buscou desconstruir o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável para justificar nossa hipótese de que no sistema capitalista de produção industrial e de consumo em massa a proteção dos recursos naturais é deixada para traz quando o crescimento econômico se faz necessário. Partindo da definição do conceito de D.S, que afirma ser aquele que satisfaz as necessidades humanas das gerações presentes sem comprometer as gerações futuras poderem satisfazerem as delas, analisamos minuciosamente todo o texto do Relatório cujo objetivo foi o de entender como a ONU compreende a busca pela sustentabilidade ambiental. Em se tratando de satisfação de necessidades humanas, analisamos os elementos históricos e sociais que determinaram o surgimento da sociedade de consumo, tendo em vista que ela é um dos fatores determinantes para a atual degradação ambiental do planeta. Para demonstrar que o desenvolvimento sustentável é uma falácia analisamos os documentos das duas principais Conferências ambientais promovidas pela ONU (Rio 92 e Rio+20) para demonstrar os obstáculos que a sociedade de consumo coloca no caminho do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para sustentar nossa tese utilizamos o exemplo da indústria automobilística no Brasil e as políticas econômicas do governo federal entre 2009 e 2013 que para frear os efeitos da crise econômica internacional que começava a atingir o país naquele momento, proporcionou aumento do consumo, em especial de veículos automotores, indo na direção contrária do que propugna os documentos nacionais e internacionais de proteção ambiental dos quais o Brasil é signatário. / The principle of environmental sustainability emerged in the 80s of the last century, especially after the publication of the report Our Common Future (or Brundtland Report) - prepared by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), an agency of the United Nations (UN ) - it is the great theme of business and government speeches today. Therefore, our research sought to demonstrate how, in the capitalist system of industrial production and mass consumption, the protection of natural resources is left behind when economic growth is necessary. Thus, we propose to verify our thesis that the concept of sustainable development is a fallacy. Starting from the definition of sustainable development, which claims to be one that meets the human needs of present generations without compromising those of future generations, we thoroughly analyze the entire Report in order to realize how the UN understands the quest for environmental sustainability. In terms of satisfaction of human needs, we analyze the historical and social elements that determined the emergence of the consumer society, given that it is one of the determining factors for the current environmental degradation of the planet. To see that the sustainable development is a fallacy, we also analyze the documents of the two major environmental conferences organized by the United Nations (Rio 92 and Rio + 20) to demonstrate the obstacles that consumer society puts in its way. To support our thesis, we use the example of the automotive industry in Brazil and the economic policy of the federal government between 2009 and 2013 to contain the international economic crisis that hit the country – this policy led to an increase in consumption, especially of motor vehicles, going in the opposite direction than advocates national and international environmental protection documents of which Brazil is a signatory.

O ser humano não adquire mercadorias, ele se tornou uma. Assim, da interação dos personagens da relação de consumo, diversos questionamentos são erigidos: Existe algum risco à natureza ou ao ser humano? Que estímulos induzem os seres humanos a consumir? As pessoas estão envoltas pelos caracteres da sociedade de consumo, em que vínculos objetivos e subjetivos são erigidos entre os seres humanos e artefatos, sendo que influências diversas motivam o ato de consumo, destacando que a informação, entendida como publicidade, é um deles. Todos são consumidores em potencial, visto que a publicidade assedia qualquer cidadão, incentivando que todos consumam. Surge o cidadão-consumidor. Nessa linha, cabe ao Direito a tentativa de regulamentar tal fato, harmonizando prerrogativas e interesses. Paralelamente, visualiza-se que os riscos afloram como um espectro sobre os cidadãosconsumidores, sendo a cadeia de produção/consumo um de seus principais motivadores. Todavia, pelo aculturamento do consumo e pela construção de signos/significados movediços, a maioria da população não reflete sobre a amplitude do ato de consumo, renegando para segundo plano a reflexão sobre a existência de riscos. Tomando-se por base a Lei 8.078/80 – Código do Consumidor – e a legislação ambiental, vê-se que existem conexões entre o consumo e o meio ambiente: ambos são difusos. Assim, atrelado à relação de consumo e a percepção do princípio da informação, surge a reflexão acerca da informação ambiental, que, em tese proporciona aos cidadãos-consumidores, dados oportunos para uma tomada de decisão contextualizada, não baseada apenas no convencimento extrínseco sobre determinado produto. Dessa maneira, as relações jurídicas de consumo, diretas e indiretas, vinculam-se a perspectiva da informação ampla e contextualizada, estimulando, entre outros pontos uma conscientização ecológica. Tal vínculo pode motivar a consecução do consumo sustentável repercutindo positivamente sobre o ambiente, bem como sobre a sociedade. Apresentam-se diversas propostas de utilização da informação ambiental como mecanismo para incentivar a preservação dos recursos naturais. Também, nota-se que está em curso uma mudança de concepção do Estado, o qual deixa de ser entendido apenas como um Estado Democrático de Direito para ser compreendido como um Estado Democrático Socioambiental de Direito. A informação, além de ser compreendida como um mecanismo de indução ao consumo, também se transforma em um elemento de motivação à reflexão dos cidadãos-consumidores, quanto à amplitude da cadeia de produção/consumo e em especial sobre o ato individual de consumo. E de tudo uma conclusão: a informação ambiental pode suscitar mudanças de atitudes, contudo, em paralelo, é necessário que os cidadãos-consumidores repensem costumes e hábitos. Caso contrário, a perspectiva da informação ambiental também será transformada em clichê, como já ocorre com determinados temas, tanto do Direito do Consumidor como do Direito Ambiental. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T13:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jerônimo Giron.pdf: 1298543 bytes, checksum: 001ec326db4bd0e1ce5eead3e7b5e84d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T13:31:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jerônimo Giron.pdf: 1298543 bytes, checksum: 001ec326db4bd0e1ce5eead3e7b5e84d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The human does not buy products, he became one. Thus, the interaction of the characters of the consumption relation, several questions are erected: Exist any risk to humans or nature? What stimulus induced humans to consume? People are surrounded by the characters of the consumer society, in which ties objective and subjective are erected between humans and artifacts, being diverse influences motivated the act of consumption, noting that the information, understood as advertising, is one of them. All are potential consumers, because advertising harass any citizen, encouraging all of them to consume. Appears the citizenconsumer. Along this line, it is the Right attempting to regulate this fact, harmonizing interests and prerogatives. In parallel, visualizes which risks arise as a spectrum above of citizens, consumers, being the chain of production/consumption of its main motivators. However, by the consumption acculturation and construction of signs/meanings tenuous, most of the population does not reflect on the extent of the act of consumption, relegating to the background the reflection on the existence of risk. Taking as a basis the Law 8.078/80 - Consumer Code - and environmental legislation, see which there are connections between the consumer and the environment: both are diffuse. Thus, tied to consumption relation and the perception of the principle of information comes the reflection on the environmental information, which in theory gives citizens-consumers, satisfactory data for decision making context situation, not based solely on extrinsic conviction about a particular product. Therefore, the legal relations of consumption, direct and indirect, are tied to the prospect of broad and contextualized information, stimulating, among other things, ecological awareness. This bond can motivate the achievement of sustainable consumption causing an impacted positively on the environment and on society. Are presents several proposals for the use of environmental information as a mechanism to encourage the preservation of natural resources. Also, note that there is an ongoing change in the concept of the state, which ceases to be understood only as a democratic state to be understood as a Democratic State Environmental Law. The information, in addition to being understood as a mechanism to induce consumption also becomes an element of motivation for reflection citizen-consumers as to the ampleness of the production/consumption and in particular on the individual act of consumption. And of all a conclusion: environmental information can elicit changes in attitudes, however, in parallel, it is necessary which the citizen-consumers rethink your customs and habits. Otherwise, the prospect of environmental information will also be transformed into cliché, as already occurs with certain themes, both of Consumer Law how the Environmental Law.