The issue of legal pluralism in contemporary society Abstract This work aims to describe the phenomenon of legal pluralism, its expressions and functioning in contemporary society and evaluate the findings in connection with the weakening role of the state. The role of law is changing more and more in today's global world, especially in an increasingly less homogeneous society. The plurality of contemporary society is increasingly penetrating normative systems, which in turn affects the very functioning of the state as an authority. Legal pluralism reflects the life of contemporary society. From the perspective of legal pluralism, we gain a new understanding of law. The concept of legal pluralism enables the law to respond in a more flexible way to the plurality of contemporary society, as law increasingly faces difficulties in reflecting the social reality of contemporary society. Related to laws that do not reflect this plurality is a growing distrust of people in the state and its institutions, which contributes to the weakening role of the state. One of the possibilities for the state to strengthen its role is to restore confidence of the citizens in the state and its institutions. This can be also achieved by creating good written law. State law should take into account the phenomenon of legal...

The economic, demographic and social changes of the latter half of the C20th have influenced the experience of individuals now at 'midlife'. Arguably the impact of these changes has been more profound for women; specifically in the UK for those educated to be the wives, mothers and carers of industrial Britain (Newsom, 1963). Now around 50 years old this group of women are likely to experience a lengthy period of 'postmaternity' (Sheriff and Weatherall, 2009) extending to over thirty years in many cases. This research considers the experience of this metaphorically entitled 'telescopic' cohort (Goldstein and Schlag, 1999). The major corpus of age related research assumes a linear developmental progression of life stages (Erikson, 1951, 1968; Gould, 1978; Levinson, 1978; Levinson, 1996; Klohnen et al., 1996; Miner-Rubinio, 2004). Drawing on life course theory (Elder, 1995; Runyan, 1982; Super, 1980) enables this research to explore how women may have changed assumptions about themselves and their expectations as the social world has changed around them, moreover offers an alternative to the essentialist, linear, deterministic models of ageing. This feminist poststructuralist examination of the experience of women at 'midlife' is divided into two parts; firstly the 'lived life' which examines demographic changes, and drawing on material from 'Jackie' magazine, considers discourses of femininity and the expectations for, and of, girls. The 'told story' is then explored using narrative interview material. How women 'story' their lives and their understanding of 'self' at midlife is examined within the context of the changing world and their ageing bodies. The research revealed that the experience of 'midlife' for this cohort of women is narrated as a time of change in social circumstances with some 'gains' and some 'losses', however it is not storied as a time of inevitable 'crisis'. Moreover despite the plethora of literature portraying the menopause as problematic, this was not supported by the interview material.

L'immigration latino-américaine de masse de la période actuelle est arrivée aux États-Unis dans le cadre de politiques migratoires tendues entre les exigences des employeurs, les pressions des populations hostiles à l'immigration, et les aspirations des immigrés eux-mêmes. L'articulation entre ces demandes en partie contradictoires a donné forme à un régime d'immigration, que les élus s’efforcent de préserver, parfois au prix de réorganisations substantielles. Ce régime, entre demande et rejet de l'immigration, constitue une des conditions historiques de la mobilisation et de la politisation des immigrés. D'autres conditions dépendent de l'histoire et de l'état actuel du mouvement syndical,longtemps majoritairement hostile à l'immigration, qui lui a pourtant apporté des contributions décisives. Les immigrés demeurent peu organisés pour la défense de leurs droits, même si celle-ci est en partie prise en charge par des organisations à but non-lucratif. Peu de choses, dans le milieu organisé un tant soit peu implanté parmi les immigrés latinos, laissaient prévoir un mouvement social tel que celui qui a traversé le pays au cours du printemps 2006. A partir des travaux parus à ce jour et de nos données d'enquête de terrain collectées à Chicago, nous présentons donc la façon dont une opportunité de mobilisation a été créée, au moment où la stabilisation du régime d'immigration posait des problèmes particulièrement difficiles. Les acteurs de cette création d'opportunité, militants fondateurs du mouvement, se situent parfois dans les organisations établies de défense des immigrés,mais ont agi de façon relativement autonome au printemps 2006. Leur réussite a reposé sur leur capacité à intervenir d'une façon qui a fait écho à la protestation montante parmi les immigrés latinos.Nous proposons une lecture de ce phénomène en termes de répertoires de protestation, afin de mieux décrire les spécificités d'une mobilisation atypique dans le contexte des États-Unis d'aujourd'hui, et la place des éléments de culture politique partagés par les immigrés latinos. Le mouvement a également été l'occasion de nous pencher sur des débats stratégiques concernant à la fois les droits des immigrés(dans le cadre du régime d'immigration ou en dehors), et les formes de protestation efficaces et légitimes pour eux. Enfin, nous ébauchons à partir d'une double étude de cas, une analyse des trajectoires migratoires et militantes de dirigeants du mouvement de 2006 à Chicago. / Contemporary latino mass immigration has come to the United States within the framework ofi mmigration policies resulting from the tensions between employers' demands, anti-immigration pressures from various groups, and the immigrants' own aspirations. Those partially contradictory demands have been harnessed in what we call the immigration regime, which policymakers strive tomaintain, sometimes through substantial modifications. The regime, between immigration demand and rejection, constitutes one of the historical conditions of immigrant mobilization and politicization.Other such conditions are a result of the history and the present state of the labor movement, longhostile towards immigration, despite drawing crucial contributions from it. Immigrants remain largely unorganized for the defense of their rights, despite the interventions of non-profits. Hardly anything in the organizational landscape allowed analysts to predict any social movement such as that which swept the country during the Spring of 2006. Our analysis, based on the existing literature as well asour own fieldwork data collected in Chicago, will present the creation of a political opportunity for such a movement, at a time when the stabilization of the immigration regime was becoming particularly problematic. The social actors behind this creation, activists who arguably founded themovement, sometimes belonged to established immigrant advocacy organizations, yet acted relatively autonomously in the Spring of 2006. Their success rested on their capacity to intervene in a way thatechoed the rising tide of protest among latino immigrants. We offer a reading of those events based on the concept of repertoires of protest, so as to better describe the specific traits of an atypical mobilization in the contemporary US context, and the importance of political culture trends among latino immigrants. The movement was also an opportunity to focus on strategic debates concerning immigrant rights (within the regime or otherwise) and the power and legitimacy of various forms of protest. Lastly, through a double case study, we offer a sketch of an analysis of the migratory and militant trajectories of leaders of the 2006 movement in Chicago.

Este trabalho tem um caráter qualitativo e seu objetivo é compreender a maneira como seis jovens oriundos de escola pública e particular, com idades entre quinze e dezessete anos, relacionam-se com a autoridade dos adultos que os cercam, bem como com duas instituições o governo e a polícia. A partir do conceito de autoridade de Hannah Arendt e da afirmação da autora de que esse é um fenômeno que não se aplica mais à modernidade, tomamos dois referenciais a confiança e a responsabilidade e os utilizamos na elaboração de um roteiro semi-estruturado de entrevista, para compreender quem são os adultos que detêm autoridade na visão desses jovens. Também buscamos compreender qual o papel que o governo e a polícia assumem para os entrevistados, assim como o mundo adulto em geral, em relação ao espaço público. Questionamos o cuidado dos adultos com o espaço público e as responsabilidades que os jovens atribuem a eles, para considerá-los ou não merecedores de autoridade. A análise dos depoimentos parte da maneira como os jovens, ao confiar nos adultos que descrevem, obedecem a eles. Para tanto, dividimos o grupo de entrevistados quanto à obediência aos adultos e às instituições, com base na confiança que têm neles ou não. O trabalho parte do princípio de que há subjetividade nas relações, ainda que estas façam parte de um macro-contexto, tal como se apresenta na sociedade contemporânea. E a confiança e a responsabilidade podem ser elementos para a constituição de novas formas de autoridade nas relações contemporâneas, ainda que não estejam relacionadas à gênese do fenômeno, estudado por Hannah Arendt. Há, nas falas dos jovens entrevistados, uma grande desconfiança em relação ao mundo público, e o exacerbamento do universo privado. A autoridade não parece se pautar pela responsabilidade sobre o mundo comum, partindo dos adultos, mas sim pela proteção, na maioria das vezes, da entrada do jovem nesse espaço. / The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the way six people aged fifteen to seventeen, studying in public and private schools, relate to the authority of the adults that surround them and to two institutions the government and the police. Using Hannah Arendts concept of authority and her statement that such concept does not apply to modernity, we have used two other concepts trust and responsibility to prepare a semi-structured interview aiming at understanding who the adults that such young people consider an authority are. We have also tried to understand what role the government, the police and the adult world in general have, in relation to the public space, from the point-of-view of the interviewees. We have questioned the latter about whether adults are taking good care of the public space and about the responsibilities they think adults have, which make such adults deserve or not to be considered an authority. The analysis of the interviews was based on the way the young people obey such adults because they trust them. To do so, we have divided the group of interviewees according to their obedience of adults and institutions. A fundamental premise of this study is that there is subjectivity in relationships, although they are part of a macro-context, which is the case in the contemporaneous society. And trust and responsibility can be elements for the constitution of new authority forms in contemporary relationships, although such elements are not related to the genesis of the authority phenomenon such as it was studied by Hannah Arendt. In the speeches of the young people interviewed there is a lot of suspicion in relation to the public world. There is also an expansion of the private universe. Authority does not seem to be based on the responsibility for the common world on the adults part, but mostly only on protecting the young from entering such such space.

A Constituição de 1988 é dirigente, isto é, traça os objetivos ideológicos da ação política do Estado brasileiro, inclusive por meio de imperativos à atividade legislativa. A República Federativa do Brasil autodefine-se como um Estado Democrático de Direito (artigo 1º), que tem como dois de seus fundamentos a dignidade da pessoa humana e a cidadania. Além disso, consta do artigo 3º da Constituição a chamada cláusula transformadora, que estabelece como objetivos fundamentais a serem alcançados pela República: a construção de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária; a garantia do desenvolvimento nacional; a erradicação da pobreza e a redução das desigualdades sociais. Para alcançar tais objetivos, a própria Constituição estabelece, em seu artigo 170, que a ordem econômica deve submeter-se aos ditames da justiça social. A política criminal é parte das estratégias de intervenção da política social para consecução dos objetivos dirigentes traçados na Constituição. Para tanto, utiliza-se de dados empíricos, que lhe são fornecidos pela criminologia, sobre o atual estágio de desenvolvimento da sociedade contemporânea, a atividade econômica globalizada e a criminalidade econômica, com sua vitimização massiva e sua afetação de bens jurídicos supraindividuais e sociais. O presente trabalho visa a discutir as propostas político-criminais defendidas por Winfried Hassemer e Jesús-María Silva Sánchez para a criminalidade econômica na sociedade contemporânea, contrapondo-as à proposta de responsabilizar penalmente as pessoas jurídicas. / The Constitution of 1988 is a mandatory guideline, which means, it traces the ideological objectives of the political actions of the Brazilian State, including by demanding to legislative activity. The Federative Republic of Brazil defines itself as a Democratic State of Law (article 1), which has as two of its basis the dignity of the human being and the citizenship. Beyond that, the article 3 refers to a clause known as the transformer clause, which states as the main objectives to be achieved by the Republic are: to build a free, just and solidary society; to assure the national development; to eradicate the poverty and to reduce the social unequalities. To succeed in these purposes the own Constitution states in the article 170 that the economical order must be submitted to the social justice commands. The criminal policy is part of the intervention strategies of social policy to achieve the objectives guided by the Constitution. To do so, there are used empirical data, which are provided by the criminology, about the actual stage of development of contemporary society, the globalized economical activity and the economical criminality, with its massive victimization and or that affects social and supra-individual goods. The present essay aims to discuss the proposition of criminal policies made by Winfried Hassemer and Jesús-María Silva Sánchez to face the economical criminality in the contemporary society, in opposition to the suggestion that defends the criminal liability of the companies.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-08T17:30:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flávia Nedeff Langaro.pdf: 401133 bytes, checksum: 5cd89676d688561c47c41afcc64bc524 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T17:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flávia Nedeff Langaro.pdf: 401133 bytes, checksum: 5cd89676d688561c47c41afcc64bc524 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / Ao longo dos anos, as características narcísicas vêm aumentando, sugerindo que os jovens de hoje são mais narcisistas que os jovens adultos das gerações anteriores. Fato esse que se deve às mudanças na sociedade contemporânea e à interferência da cultura na personalidade. O narcisismo é um constructo psicanalítico e é responsável por proteger o “eu” e regular a autoestima do sujeito. Entre as várias medidas de narcisismo desenvolvidas, o Inventário de Personalidade Narcísica (NPI) tem sido o instrumento mais utilizado em estudos empíricos, avaliando o narcisismo normal, ou seja, não-defensivo e bem resolvido. Desse modo, o presente estudo buscou identificar as características narcísicas de personalidade em 350 jovens adultos universitários, quanto ao sexo, idade e tipo de curso desses jovens, bem como realizar uma análise inicial das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento NPI. Esse estudo assumiu um delineamento quantitativo, do tipo transversal. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de estatística descritiva e inferencial, seguidas do teste t de Student e Anova para identificar diferenças de médias entre grupos, bem como Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Confirmatória do NPI. Como resultado do estudo, a análise das características psicométricas iniciais do instrumento apontou uma solução fatorial de seis fatores, o que atesta a multidimensionalidade do instrumento e a necessidade de se precisar aspectos hierárquicos das dimensões. Ainda, uma análise mais discriminada aponta que, em relação ao sexo dos participantes, os homens apresentaram índices mais elevados no NPI, quando comparados às mulheres. Já, com relação à idade, não houve diferenças significativas nos escores referentes ao narcisismo. Por último, com relação às áreas de conhecimento, os estudantes universitários dos cursos de Ciências Exatas apresentaram escores de narcisismo mais elevados do que estudantes das aéreas de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde. / Over the years, narcissist characteristics have increased, suggesting that young people today are more narcissistic than the young adults of previous generations. The fact is due to changes in contemporary society and to the interference of culture on personality. Narcissism is a psychoanalytic construct and is responsible for protecting the "I" and adjusts the subject's self-esteem. Among the various measures of narcissism developed, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) has been the instrument most used in empirical studies, evaluating normal narcissism, ie, non-defensive and well resolved. Thus, this study sought to identify the narcissistic personality characteristics in 350 young adult college students, by gender, age and type of college of these young people, as well as perform an initial analysis of the psychometric properties of the NPI. This study took a quantitative design, transversal. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, followed by the Student t test and ANOVA to identify mean differences between groups, as well as Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the NPI. As a result of the study, analysis of 14 the initial psychometric characteristics of the instrument showed a factor solution of six factors, which underscores the multidimensionality of the instrument and the need to specify aspects of hierarchical dimensions. Still, a more discriminating analysis shows that in relation to sex of participants, men had higher rates in NPI compared to women. As to the age, there weren´t significant differences in scores related to narcissism. Finally, regarding the areas of knowledge, university students of Exact Sciences courses showed higher narcissism scores than students of Human and Health Sciences.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Sawaya de Castro Pereira do Vale.pdf: 1390820 bytes, checksum: 0936658778be33b8c7c00e9ac8350451 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-05 / The present work aims to analyze the changes in contemporary society, the consequences of globalization, the emergence of risk and the need for applying complex thinking. With the onset of awareness on the part of society, rights of extreme social importance have been recognized and protected such as the diffuse and collective rights, human rights and environmental law. Assuming the awareness of society, were analyzed aspects related to sustainability and the need for its application in the contemporary world. Regarding the organization of work were addressed social influences that led to the relaxation of labor standards, the rise of outsourcing and application of the concept of sustainability including the working environment of companies providing outsourced services / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar as alterações da sociedade contemporânea, as consequências da globalização, o surgimento do risco e a necessidade de aplicação do pensamento complexo. Com o início da tomada de consciência por parte da sociedade, foram reconhecidos direitos e protegidos direitos de extrema importância social como os direitos difusos e coletivos, os direitos humanos e o direito ambiental. Partindo da premissa da tomada de consciência da sociedade, foram analisados os aspectos relativos à sustentabilidade e a necessidade de sua aplicação no mundo contemporâneo. Em relação à organização do trabalho, foram abordadas as influências sociais que culminaram na flexibilização das normas trabalhistas, o surgimento da terceirização e aplicação do conceito de sustentabilidade inclusive no meio ambiente do trabalho de empresas prestadoras de serviços terceirizados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luiza Sawaya de Castro Pereira do Vale.pdf: 704289 bytes, checksum: 9f28990fbbea1b55ea93e2f98c56bf31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-13 / This research aims to deepen the understanding of the bullying phenomenon in the school environment, with social, psychological and legal aspects, on the theme of multidisciplinary. Thus, the paper addresses the profound social changes brought about by contemporary society, how such changes aggravated bullying behavior, the peculiar characteristics of the phenomenon, the rights and guarantees of children and adolescents, the rights violated by bullying the liability of schools (public and private) in relation to their students and the parents of liability relating to underage children / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo aprofundar a compreensão sobre o fenômeno bullying no ambiente escolar, apresentando aspectos sociais, psicológicos e jurídicos, diante da multidisciplinaridade do tema. Para tanto, o trabalho aborda as profundas mudanças sociais ocasionadas pela sociedade contemporânea, de que forma tais mudanças agravaram o comportamento do bullying, as características peculiares do fenômeno, os direitos e garantias fundamentais das crianças e dos adolescentes, os direitos violados pela prática do bullying, a responsabilidade civil das escolas (públicas e privadas) em relação aos seus alunos e a responsabilidade civil dos pais em relação aos filhos menores de idade

The aim of this thesis has been to explore the role of institutional religion in western Europe between individual and society. This is achieved through an empirical study of the role of the Church of England at local level, using the area of social welfare as the prism through which broader issues of the place of the Church in society can be brought to light. At the heart of this thesis lies a case study of the town of Darlington in the North East of England. This is set against a background of a detailed description of the situation regarding religion and welfare in England and of the organisation and situation of the Church at national level. The case study uses a variety of qualitative methods to assess the Church's role in welfare at local level and the expectations and perceptions of its involvement in this sphere held by representatives of the churches, local authorities, voluntary organisations and town residents. The role of the Church of England in its national and local context is therefore used as one example which can shed light on issues pertinent to a broader European one. To this end the results of the case study are compared with the situation in Sweden to tease out the extent to which conclusions pertaining to the established church in England can also be applied in a wider European context. The study concludes that the Church has a continued role to play in welfare both in terms of practical provision and social activism. It reveals that the Church is, at one and the same time, both seen as one of many organisations in civil society and also perceived to have a particular part to play in society at local level. This continuing though changing role 'in-between' individual and society can be further specified as including three dimensions: mediator, neutral ground and critical voice. This suggests that a distinct role in society is also possible for other religious institutions in Europe today within their national contexts, as representatives and upholders of overarching common values in the public sphere. It indicates that although the relationships between individuals and institutional religion and the role religions have to play in society today are ambiguous, they are by no means absent. Thereby the study engages with and contributes to the development of the theoretical debate concerning social change in late modern society, the continued role of institutional religions in the public sphere and the relevance of the secularisation paradigm. / Impact of Religion

Due to a recent increase in usage of the concept of intimacy within social scientific research, the overarching aim of this work is to investigate its meaning and significance in contemporary social life. The first part of the thesis reviews research on intimacy. Intimacy is perceived as being vaguely defined as a concept, leading to insufficient discussions concerning the significance of intimacy both as a social concept and as a social phenomenon in contemporary western society. In order to become more clearly defined as a social concept to use in future research, intimacy needs to be investigated as a social phenomenon. The second part explores and analyses intimacy as a social phenomenon by way of three partly phenomenological and partly theoretical analyses: the phenomenology of intimacy, the arithmetic of intimacy and the dark sides of intimacy. The three analyses result in a definition of intimacy understood as a kind of sociality, or mode of social being, characterized by an oceanic experience, mutual and complete directedness between the ones being in relation, an experience of mental as well as physical closeness, and an experience of time as “durée”. The third part discusses the proposed definition of intimacy as sociality in relation to contemporary social theory. In relation to an understanding of contemporary western society as late modern or radicalized modern, intimacy as sociality is discussed as a radicalization of a rational sociality, characteristic for modern society. The discussion takes the form of a dialectic critique of modern dualistic theories, proposing a triadic (dialectic) alternative for understanding basic forms of sociality and social relations. The vague notion of intimacy as a concept suited to characterize social life in contemporary western society is supported by this proposition.