Women are expanding their numbers and roles in the United States military. This new generation of military women is exposed to unique factors related to their gender that contribute to challenges for psychosocial well-being and optimal performance. In support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), researchers have identified unique factors for military women, including increased combat exposure, continued military sexual trauma and harassment, and conflicting dual roles. These factors may create obstacles that inhibit help-seeking behaviors and support for military women, and remain an under-researched topic of study. Gender-specific research on military women is limited; current research has primarily focused on discharged veterans and has been remiss in addressing women-specific issues for those currently serving in an active duty status. This study sought to address this under-researched phenomenon by exploring the military experiences of women on active duty in the United States Marine Corps. The purpose was to learn more about military women’s experiences and perceptions of stressors, coping behaviors, and sources of social support within this context. This study used a feminist phenomenological methodology to better understand military women’s experiences and specific stressors that influence their coping behaviors. A phenomenological data analysis procedure revealed five core themes and sub-themes that were synthesized into the essence. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are included to enhance women Marines’ psychosocial well-being and optimal performance while they serve on active duty.

The theoretical part of the thesis mainly deals with the definitions of sense of humor, humor, stress, life events and life satisfaction and presents an overview of the most basic theories related to these topics at the same time. The aim of the work is looking for connection between the three themes. Above all, it shows the positive impact of sense of humor to cope with stress and life events. What role play a sense of humor in psychotherapy? Can psychotherapy help to improve life satisfaction? As this work was created behind the ongoing systemic psychotherapy, corresponds to the mentioned questions also. The research seeks to establish relationships between sense of humor and life satisfaction and consequently their impact on coping stress and life events. The empirical part is based on quantitative data processing, which were obtained by using several questionnaire. The results of quantitative data analysis are supplemented by qualitative observations and insights that explain conclusions of study. Based on the processed data has shown that life satisfaction increases clients during psychotherapy. However the relationship between sense of humor and life satisfaction, as well as their impact on coping stress and life events has not been empirically confirmed. Keywords: humour, sense of humour,...

Depuis ces trois dernières décennies, la modernisation du secteur hospitalier implique un nouveau mode d'organisation de l'activité et une nouvelle répartition des pouvoirs à l'hôpital. De nouveaux modes de management ont été transposés du secteur privé pour perfectionner et moderniser l'action du secteur public. Cependant, les objectifs de ces deux secteurs ne sont pas les mêmes : satisfaction de l'intérêt général pour l'un et rentabilité pour l'autre. Cette différence peut être enrichissante (exemples : émulation liée à la compétition, réalisation d'économies substantielles), mais aussi source de résistances et de stress. Cette nouvelle gestion publique déstabilise les différents acteurs des établissements qui doivent, à la fois, répondre aux grands principes du service public et à des logiques économiques de performance. Dans un tel contexte, des tensions de rôle peuvent-elles se développer chez le personnel soignant ? Ce travail de recherche s'intéresse tout particulièrement aux différentes stratégies d'ajustement utilisées par les cadres de santé, pour faire face aux tensions de rôle qui pourraient se développer. Les changements vécus suite à la mise en place du Nouveau Management Public dans les hôpitaux ont modifié le rôle et les fonctions des cadres de santé qui sont désormais à l'interface entre une culture du soin et une culture gestionnaire. Cette recherche est basée sur une étude exploratoire menée auprès de 15 cadres de santé dans un CHRU et sur une enquête confirmatoire réalisée auprès de 445 cadres de santé répartis dans 39 établissements hospitaliers publics français. Les résultats révèlent que les cadres de santé se trouvent dans une position délicate qui suscite différents types de tensions de rôle quotidiennes. Des stratégies d'ajustement utilisées par les cadres de santé pour faire face à ces tensions de rôle ont également été identifiées. / Over the past three decades, the modernization of the hospital sector has given rise to a new way of organizing the activity and a new distribution of power in hospitals. New management methods have been transposed from the private sector with the aim to improve and modernize the public sector action. However, the objectives of these two sectors are not the same: satisfaction of the public interest for one of them and profitability for the other one. This difference can be beneficial (emulation in link with competition, substantial savings), but also a source of resistance and stress. This new public management destabilizes the different hospital actors who must respond, in the same time, to the principles of public service and to the economic logics of performance. In this context, role stresses can they develop for caregivers? This research is particularly concerned with the different strategies used by the healthcare managers to cope with this kind of potential role stresses. Different changes implemented with the new public management in hospitals, have modified the role and functions of healthcare managers who are henceforth at the interface between a culture of care and a management culture. This research comprises an exploratory study conducted among 15 French healthcare managers in a public hospital and a confirmatory survey conducted among 445 French healthcare managers in 39 public hospitals. The results show that the healthcare managers are in a delicate position that raises different type of daily role stresses. Strategies used by healthcare managers to cope with these role stresses have been also identified.

Syftet med denna studie var att förstå de strategier som användes av socialsekreterarna i hanteringen av en stor arbetsbelastning och undersöka deras nivå av känsla av sammanhang i hanteringen av nätverksfamiljehemsplaceringar av ensamkommande barn under 2015 och 2016. Studien varkvalitativ, och vårt empiriska material bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer.Åtta socialsekreterare från sju mindre kommuner och två socialsekreterare från störrekommuner i södra Sverige, alla med erfarenhet av att arbeta med ensamkommande barn, deltog i vår studie. Vår ambition var att förstå hur, trots den stora arbetsbelastningen, socialsekreterarna hanterade sin arbetssituation. Vi försökte förstå de strategierna som bidrog till att göra det möjligt för socialsekreterarna att stanna kvar på sitt arbete trots omständigheterna. Vi fann att alla socialsekreterarna som intervjuades i vår studie hade en hög känsla av sammanhang som hjälpte dem att göra deras arbete meningsfullt och hanterbart. Den vanligaste coping strategi som socialsekreterarna använde sig av för att hantera deras arbetssituation var genom att sänka sina ambitioner och acceptera att deras arbete nådde en "good enough" standard. Socialsekreterare med stor arbetslivserfarenhet tenderade också att hantera den högre arbetsbelastningen mer framgångsrikt genom att acceptera, att trots att de inte alltid kunde följa rutiner och riktlinjer var avsikten fortfarande att göra gott i en svår situation. / The aim of this study was to create an understanding of the strategies used by the social workersin order to handle a large workload and to examine their level of sense of coherence intheir handling of kinship foster care placements of unaccompanied children in the years 2015and 2016. The study was qualitative, and our empirical material consists of semi-structuredinterviews. Eight social workers from seven smaller municipalities and two social workersfrom larger municipalities in southern Sweden, all with experience of working with unaccompaniedchildren, have participated in our study. Our ambition was to understand how, despitethe large workload, the social workers handled their situation. We have tried to create an understandingof the strategies that contributed to make it possible for the social workers to remainat work despite the circumstances. We have found that all the social workers interviewedin our study had a high sense of coherence that helped them make their work understandableand manageable. The most common coping strategy the social workers used was tolower their ambitions and accept that their administration reached “good enough” to handletheir workload. Social workers with a lot of work experience also tend to be able to handle ahigh workload more successfully by accepting that, in spite of not always being able to abideby routines and procedures, the intention is still to do good in a bad situation.

O estresse não incide apenas na vida adulta, ele pode ocorrer precocemente e repercutir na maneira como o indivíduo enfrenta as situações estressantes, seja na vida pessoal como no ambiente profissional. Neste contexto, como consequência do estresse crônico e uso de estratégias de enfrentamento inadequadas o profissional poderá ter risco aumentado para desenvolver a Síndrome de Burnout. Com o objetivo de analisar a prevalência e associação entre Síndrome de Burnout, estresse precoce e estratégias de enfrentamento em técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital geral do interior de São Paulo, desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando os instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, de condições de trabalho e saúde, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento dos Problemas (EMEP) e Childhood Traume Questionnaire (CTQ). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, realizando-se testes Qui- quadrado, com coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão logística considerando nível de significância de 0,05. Obteve-se aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e a amostra foi aleatorizada com 338 técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, houve 8,2% de recusas totalizando 310 participantes. Prevaleceram mulheres (76,1%), com idade media de 47,1 anos (DP 10,94), casado ou com companheiro (58,1%), com filhos (74,5%), são auxiliares de enfermagem (85,5%), trabalham em serviços de alta complexidade (88,7%), média de tempo de serviço de 12,6 anos (DP 8,75), com único vínculo empregatício (79,4%), passaram por consulta média no último ano (88,4%) e tiveram afastamento do trabalho no último ano (50%). A prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout foi de 7,4% e as estratégias de enfrentamento mais utilizadas foram as focalizadas no problema (60%). Quanto a prevalência de estresse precoce, esta foi de 31,3%. A Síndrome de Burnout teve associação com as variáveis morar sozinho (p=0,03), não ter filhos (p=0,04) e ter passado por consulta médica (p=0,05). A Síndrome de Burnout mostrou-se mais frequente entre os participantes que não utilizam as estratégias focalizadas no problema (p=0,01) e também entre os participantes que utilizam de estratégias de busca por suporte social (p=0,02). Ao analisar a Síndrome de Burnout por meio de suas dimensões, verificou-se que a Exaustão Emocional mostrou-se mais significativa entre as mulheres (p=0,02), que possuem ensino superior (p=0,04), que residem sozinhas (p<0,00), que possuem tempo de serviço variando de 6 a 10 anos (p<0,00), que tiveram afastamento do trabalho (p<0,00) e referiram ter doença crônica (p=0,01). Já a Despersonalização mostrou-se mais significativa entre os participantes que passaram por consulta médica no último ano (p=0,04) e a Realização Pessoal mostrou-se mais significativa entre os participantes que moram sozinhos (p<0,00) e com tempo de serviço variando de 21 a 25 anos (p=0,02). Os resultados deste estudo indicam considerável prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout entre estes trabalhadores e preocupante risco para o desenvolvimento desta para grande parte deles. O estresse precoce, presente em significante parcela destes trabalhadores, embora não associado à Síndrome de Burnout neste estudo, também demonstrou ser um fenômeno importante, principalmente se consideradas as possíveis consequências à saúde destas pessoas e também ao modo de enfrentamento dos problemas na vida adulta. / Stress does not occur only in adult life, but also in early life and results in the way individuals face stressful situations, in both their personal and professional life. In this context, as a consequence of chronic stress and inadequate coping strategies the nursing professional may have an increased risk of developing Burnout Syndrome. This study had the objective of analyzing the prevalence and association among Burnout Syndrome, early stress and coping strategies with technicians and nursing assistants of a general hospital in the countryside of São Paulo, developing a quantitative, cross-sectional study, using such tools: social- demographic questionnaire about health and working conditions, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Scale of Ways to copy with Problems, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The descriptive and analytical statistics was used, carrying out chi-square tests by Pearson and logistic regression considering 0, 05 significance level. Approval from the Ethics Committee was obtained and the sample was gotten randomly with 338 technicians and nursing assistants with 8.2% refusals totalizing 310 participants. Women (76,1%) prevailed with ages of 47.1 years old (DP 10,94), married or with a partner (58,1%), with children (74,5%), working as nursing assistants (85,5%), and with high complexity (88,7%), medium service time of 12,6 years (DP 8,75) with service bonds (79,4%), underwent medical consultation last year (88,4%) and were laid off in the last year (50%). Burnout syndrome prevalence was 7,4% and the most used coping strategies were those focused on the problem (60%). The early stress prevalence was 31,3%. Burnout syndrome is regarded to living alone (p= 0,03), not having children (p=0,04) and having had a doctor\'s consultation (p= 0,05). Burnout syndrome was more frequent with those who did not use the strategies focused on the problem (p= 0,01) and also those who used searching strategies for social support (p= 0,02). It was possible to verify the Emotional Exhaustion when the burnout syndrome was analyzed according to its dimensions, showing more expressive among women (p= 0, 02), who have a college degree (p= 0, 04), who live alone (p< 0,00), who have six to ten years of service (p< 0,00), who were laid off (p< 0,00), and mentioned having chronic disease (p= 0,01). The depersonalization has shown to be more significative among the participants who had an appointment with a doctor in the last year (p= 0,04) and the personal achievement showed to be more expressive with participants who live alone (p= 0,00) and the service time ranging from 21 to 25 years (p=0,02). The results of this study indicate considerable prevalence of burnout syndrome among these workers and worrying risk for developing this for most of them. The early stress present in a significant portion of these workers, although not associated with burnout syndrome in this study, also proved to be an important phenomenon, especially when considering the possible consequences to the health of these people and also to the way of dealing with problems in adulthood.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka upplevelser av utmaningar och copingstrategier hos före detta RIG-studenter i Sverige. Deltagarna i studien utgjordes av sju personer, fyra kvinnor och tre män, i åldrarna 22–31 (M=25.1, SD=3.1). För att undersöka syftet tillämpades en semistrukturerad intervjuguide, med utgångspunkt i den holistiska karriärsutvecklingsmodellen (Wylleman, Reints &amp; De Knop, 2013). Frågor om idrott, skola, privatliv och kombination av alla tre faktorer var centrala. Resultatet i studien visade att den största utmaningen under det första året var att anpassa sig till en ny miljö, under det andra året var den övergripande utmaningen att hantera högre idrottslig och akademisk nivå och tidshantering och under det tredje året handlade utmaningen om att hantera ytterligare idrottslig nivåökning och vad deltagarna skulle göra i framtiden, efter gymnasiet. De viktigaste faktorerna som uppmärksammades av deltagarna var svårigheten att lägga ner tillräckligt med tid till idrotten, skolan och privatlivet, hantera skada samt att få tid till personliga aktiviteter och återhämtning. Resultatet visade även att den viktigaste copingstrategin var socialt stöd från familj, vänner och tränare, i form av instrumentellt och emotionellt stöd. Även personliga resurser, som till exempel självdisciplin, självreglering, planering och stresstålighet ansågs vara viktiga copingstrategier. Baserat på resultatet i föreliggande studie rekommenderas att tränare, lärare och föräldrar får bättre förståelse om livet som RIG-studenter så att dubbla karriärer normaliseras i samhället. / The purpose of the study was to investigate the experiences of challenges and coping strategies among former student-athletes who had studied at different RIG’s in Sweden. Seven participants, four women and three men, in the ages between 22–31 (M=25.1, SD=3.1) took part in the study. To investigate the purpose, a semi-structured interview guide was applied, based on the holistic athletic career model (Wylleman et al., 2013). Questions about sport, studies, private life and a combination of all three factors were central. The result showed that the biggest challenge during the first year was adapting to a new environment, the hardest challenge overall during the second year consisted of dealing with a higher athletic and academic level as well as time management and the most important challenge during the third year was dealing with even higher athletic levels and dealing with the future, what would happen after RIG. The factors that were mentioned the most were the difficulty to dedicate enough time to the sport, the studies and the private life, dealing with injuries, as well as making time for personal activities and recovery. The study also showed that the most important coping strategy consisted of social support from family, friends and coaches, in terms of instrumental and emotional support. Even personal resources, for example self-discipline, self-regulation, planning and stress management were important coping strategies. Based on the result of the present study, it is recommended that coaches, teachers and parents get a better understanding of the life as a RIG-student, in order to normalize the concept of dual careers in society.

Entre 2003 et 2005, un programme de dépistage des maladies liées à l’amiante a été mis en place dans quatre régions françaises, constituant ensuite la cohorte ARDCO (Asbesto related Diseases Cohort). La cohorte ARDCO a été suivie entre 2007-2009 (étude ARDCO I) et entre 2011-2012 (étude ARDCO II). Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre de l’étude ARDCO II et trois études ont été réalisées. Dans notre population d’étude, nous avons montré une amélioration de certaines connaissances sur le risque lié à l’amiante et au tabac par le biais d’une notice d’information. La prévalence globale des symptômes d’anxiété probable et de dépression probable a été respectivement estimée à 19,7% (n=435) et 9,9% (n=219). Les femmes présentaient significativement plus de symptômes anxieux et dépressifs que les hommes (respectivement 34,8% contre 19% et 18,5% contre 9,5%). Le risque de développer les symptômes anxieux et dépressifs était significativement associé à l’auto-évaluation de l’exposition à l’amiante, la perception du risque lié à l’amiante ainsi qu’à l’autoperception du risque de développer des pathologies liées à l’amiante. Une troisième étude a montré que les personnes présentant des symptômes d’anxiété probable ou de dépression probable utilisaient le plus souvent les stratégies de coping dites « maladaptatives » ; et que l’utilisation des stratégies de coping dépendait plus de la présence des symptômes anxieux ou dépressifs que de l’exposition à l’amiante. / A large-scale screening program for asbestos-related diseases was organised in four regions of France between October 2003 and December 2005. Asbestos Related Diseases Cohort was constituted and participants were followed up between 2007 and 2009 (ARDCO I study) and between 2011 and 2012 (ARDCO II study). This thesis was made from ARDCO II study and three studies have been conducted. Among the study participants, we found an improvement in knowledge about tobacco and asbestos-risk perception related to an information leaflet. The prevalence of symptoms of probable anxiety and depression was 19.7% (n=435) and 9.9% (n=219) respectively. Women had significantly more anxious and depressive symptoms than men (34.8 vs 19% and 18.5 vs 9.5, respectively). The risk of developing anxious and depressive symptoms was significantly associated to the intensity of asbestos-exposure self-evaluated and to the asbestos-risk perception. The participants with symptoms of probable anxiety or depression more frequently used “maladaptive” coping strategies and the use of the coping strategies depended specially of anxious and depressive symptoms rather than asbestos exposure.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudiane Aparecida Guimaraes.pdf: 2983552 bytes, checksum: aba711518948193019418dfbe4debee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Cancer is a disease that causes great emotional imbalance, physical, social and spiritual in the patient and family, especially when it involves a child or adolescent. The family caregiver is the fundamental core of support throughout the disease process, being the key piece of the triad patient-family-health professionals. It features increased physical, emotional and social disorders as consequences of practical and emotional demands of treatment. This study describes and analyzes the coping process of family caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer, according to the Theory of Coping Motivational also assessing the impact of the disease in the family. The sample consisted of 4 mothers of children between 7 and 13 years, with cancer at different stages of the disease - [M1] diagnosis, [M2] treatment, maintenance [M3] and terminally [M4] - which were attended by a charity institution in a city named Uberaba, Minas Gerais state. Data were collected by the instruments: a) Economic Classification Criteria Brazil; b) PedsQLTM Family Impact Module [PedsQL-FIM], with 36 items, 8 dimensions; c) Interview Protocol on Coping Mothers of Children and adolescents with cancer, based on the Motivational Theory of Coping Scale-12 [MTC-12], with 34 issues; d) Responses to Stress Questionnaire - Cancer [RSQ-CA-PTC], with 57 items and e) Interview Protocol semi structured [PES], with 30 questions. Data were analyzed in qualitative and quantitative terms, making the description of cases, identifying the maternal beliefs, stressors and mother?s coping strategies [EE]. All families are impacted by the disease, differentially in relation to the stage of the disease, in descending order: M4 - M2 - M1 - M3, as shown by PedsQL-END. The dimensions with worse functioning were: Physical Functioning (M1); Daily Activities (M2); Relationships (M3) and Communication (M4). The biggest stressors are related to the difficulty of the case prognosis, lack of time and energy to devote to the family, financial difficulties, less often for M1 and more often for M4. The beliefs and values of mothers include feelings of self guilty or fatality of the disease, self-denial and self-neglect, with exclusive dedication to the child, miracle expectation, impotence and denial of death, for example. Stress responses were different according to the stages of the disease: M1- Voluntary Engagement for Secondary Control (Positive Thinking, Cognitive Restructuring and Acceptance); M2 and M3 - Voluntary Engagement for Primary Control (Problem Solution, Emotional Regulation and Emotional Expression); and M4 - Involuntary Engagement (Rumination, Intrusive Thoughts, Excitement Physiological, Emotional Excitement and Involuntary Action), according to RSQ-CA-PTC. Mothers use more adaptive coping strategies [EE] to deal with the situation, such as: Self-Confidence, Problem Solution, Search for Information and Accommodation, indicative of perceived challenge to Relationship needs, Competence and Autonomy. Other coping strategies [EE] used for the majority (N = 3) were: Search for Support, Negotiation (adaptive), Isolation and Submission (nonadaptive, with perceived threat). The data emphasize the need to assess and take care of the demands of this population, considering the stage of the disease and the psychological variables of the mother, assisting the process of coping with a major life stressors - the risk of death of the son. / C?ncer ? uma doen?a que gera grande desequil?brio emocional, f?sico, social e espiritual no paciente e na fam?lia, principalmente quando atinge uma crian?a ou adolescente. O cuidador familiar ? o n?cleo fundamental de apoio durante todo o processo da doen?a, sendo a pe?a-chave da tr?ade paciente-fam?lia-profissionais de sa?de. A ele cabe a maior sobrecarga f?sica, emocional e social, por centralizar as exig?ncias pr?ticas e emocionais do tratamento. Esta pesquisa descreveu e analisou o processo de enfrentamento de cuidadores familiares de crian?as e adolescentes com c?ncer, segundo a Teoria Motivacional do Coping, tamb?m identificando o impacto da doen?a na fam?lia. A amostra foi composta por 4 m?es de meninos de 7-13 anos, com c?ncer em fases distintas da doen?a diagn?stico [M1], tratamento [M2], manuten??o [M3] e terminalidade [M4] - os quais eram atendidos por uma institui??o beneficente de Uberaba, MG. Os dados foram coletados pelos instrumentos: a) Crit?rio de Classifica??o Econ?mica Brasil; b) PedsQLTM Family Impact Module [PedsQL-FIM], com 36 itens, em 8 dimens?es; c) Protocolo de Entrevista sobre Enfrentamento de M?es de Crian?as e Adolescentes com c?ncer, baseado na Motivational Theory of Coping Scale-12 [MTC 12], com 34 quest?es; d) Responses to Stress Questionnaire Cancer [RSQ-CA-PTC], com 57 itens; e e) Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada [PES], com 30 quest?es. Os dados foram analisados qualitativos e quantitativamente, compondo a descri??o dos casos, com a identifica??o das cren?as maternas, estressores e estrat?gias de enfrentamento [EE] das m?es. Todas as fam?lias sofrem o impacto da doen?a, diferencialmente em rela??o ? fase da doen?a, em ordem decrescente: M4 M2 M1 M3, pelo PedsQL-FIM. As dimens?es com pior funcionamento foram: Funcionamento F?sico (M1); Atividades Di?rias (M2); Relacionamentos (M3) e Comunica??o (M4). Os maiores estressores relacionam-se ? dificuldade do progn?stico do caso, ? falta de tempo e energia para dedicar-se ? fam?lia e ?s dificuldades financeiras, com menor frequ?ncia para M1 e maior para M4. As cren?as e valores das m?es incluem a autoculpabiliza??o ou fatalidade da doen?a, abnega??o e autoneglig?ncia, com dedica??o exclusiva ao filho, expectativa de milagre, impot?ncia e nega??o da morte. As respostas ao estresse se diferenciaram segundo as fases da doen?a: M1- Engajamento Volunt?rio por Controle Secund?rio (Pensamento Positivo, Reestrutura??o Cognitiva e Aceita??o); M2 e M3 - Engajamento Volunt?rio por Controle Prim?rio (Resolu??o de Problemas, Regula??o Emocional e Express?o Emocional); e M4 - Engajamento Involunt?rio (Rumina??o, Pensamentos Intrusivos, Excita??o Fisiol?gica, Excita??o Emocional e A??o Involunt?ria), pelo RSQ-CA-PTC. As m?es recorrem mais EE adaptativas para lidar com a situa??o, como: Autoconfian?a, Resolu??o de problemas, Busca de informa??o e Acomoda??o, indicativas de percep??o de desafio ?s necessidades de Relacionamento, de Compet?ncia e de Autonomia. Outras EE utilizadas pela maioria (N = 3) foram: Busca de suporte, Negocia??o (adaptativas), Isolamento e Submiss?o (mal adaptativas, com percep??o de amea?a). Os dados evidenciam a necessidade de avaliar e atender ?s demandas dessa popula??o, considerando a fase da doen?a e as vari?veis psicol?gicas da m?e, auxiliando seu processo de enfrentamento de um dos maiores estressores de vida o risco de morte do pr?prio filho.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa Melina Becker da Silva.pdf: 5234431 bytes, checksum: 3dc76eae125e27cf91d4beacad0f4393 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Dancers live with pain due to intense training, which may affect performance and quality of life, there are psychological processes could interfere in the pain coping. This research examined the effects of a psychological intervention focused on coping of pain in dancers, analyzing the psychological processes related to coping (stress, exercise dependence, anxiety and self-efficacy) and its relationship to quality of life and technical performance. Participants included 19 semi-professional dancers (12-17 years) in a dance school in Curitiba-PR., Brasil. A longitudinal design followed the training phases of the dancers, for a year, assessing behavioral and psychophysiological indicators: 1) The Preparatory Phase measured cortisol in saliva and hair and three general scales - the Stress Scale for Teens, the Trait Anxiety Inventory and State and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - and two specific scales - the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 and Self-efficacy scale for Dancers, previously validated in this research in a sample of 442 dancers, using the Item Response Theory and network analysis were applied; 2) The Competition Phase 1, the two specific scales were reapplied, as well as six others - Inventory of Competitive Anxiety State, the List of Symptoms of Stress Pre-Competitive Children and Youth, Stress Questionnaire and Recovery for Athletes, Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-24-BR, the Questionnaire on Athletes' Quality of Life and Pain Coping Inventory for Dancers, also validated, and psychophysiological measures were applied; 3) The Transition Phase, was composed of an pain coping intervention program, with 8 week -45 minutes sessions. Sessions were filmed and were specially tailored using Imagery Training, one Pain Coping Game, Pain Diary and Questionnaire for Imagination in Dance; 4) Competitive Phase 2, instruments were reapplied including a Technical Scouting for dance. A developmental perspective was adopted for analyzing the data, based on the Motivational Theory of Coping. It was evidenced chronic stress by salivary and hair cortisol. Significant differences between training phases in physical and psychological self-efficacy and dependence of exercises were found. The JT method showed a positive and reliable post-intervention change in confidence indicators (B3); stressors: intrinsic physiological and cognitive/emotional (B6), social extrinsic (B2, B6); levels of general and specific to dance stress (B2); and non promoting components of quality of life (B6). There was reliable negative change in intrinsic physiological and cognitive / emotional stressors (B12); general stress (B7, B11, B12); components and promoters of quality of life (B1). The analysis of verbal reports by IRAMUTEQ and the Pain Diary showed reduction in the frequency and intensity of pain and changes in coping strategies. According to judges, mediation intervention provided more structure than promoted the involvement and empowerment of dancers. This study concludes that this intervention can be replicated in other teenage dancers, considering that there was improvement in psychological conditions of the participants. They reported satisfaction to participate of this study, even the learning about the psychological process, adaptive ways of coping and the relationships of the Psychology with the dance. / Bailarinos convivem com a dor devido ao treinamento intenso, prejudicando o desempenho e a qualidade de vida, havendo processos psicol?gicos que podem interferir no enfrentamento da dor. Esta pesquisa verificou os efeitos de uma interven??o psicol?gica centrada no enfrentamento (coping) da dor em bailarinos, analisando os processos psicol?gicos relacionados ao coping (estresse, depend?ncia de exerc?cio, ansiedade e autoefic?cia), assim como suas rela??es com a qualidade de vida e o desempenho t?cnico. Participaram 19 bailarinas semiprofissionais (12-17 anos), em uma escola de dan?a de Curitiba-PR. O delineamento longitudinal seguiu as etapas de treinamento das bailarinas, por um ano, avaliando-se indicadores comportamentais e psicofisiol?gicos: 1) na Etapa Preparat?ria, mediu-se o cortisol salivar e capilar, e aplicou-se tr?s escalas gerais - a Escala de Stress para Adolescentes, o Invent?rio de Ansiedade Tra?o e Estado e o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory e duas escalas espec?ficas - o Exercise Dependence Scale-21 e a Escala de Autoefic?cia para Bailarinos, validadas previamente nesta pesquisa em uma amostra de 442 bailarinos, usando a Teoria de Resposta ao Item e an?lise de redes; 2) na Etapa Competitiva 1, reaplicou-se as duas escalas espec?ficas, al?m de outras seis - o Invent?rio de Ansiedade-Estado Competitiva, a Lista de Sintomas de Stress Pr?-Competitivo Infanto-Juvenil, o Question?rio de Estresse e Recupera??o para Atletas, o Athletic Coping Skills Inventory 24-BR, o Question?rio sobre Qualidade de Vida de Atletas e o Invent?rio de Coping da Dor para Bailarinos, tamb?m validados, e as medidas psicofisiol?gicas; 3) na Etapa de Transi??o, aplicou-se um programa de interven??o no enfrentamento da dor, com 8 sess?es semanais de 45 minutos filmadas, especialmente elaborado, usando Imagery Training, um Jogo de Coping da Dor, Di?rio da Dor e o Question?rio para Imagina??o na Dan?a; 4) na Etapa Competitiva 2, reaplicou-se os instrumentos, incluindo um Scouting T?cnico para a Dan?a. Adotou-se uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista na an?lise dos dados, com base na Teoria Motivacional do Coping. Evidenciou-se estresse cr?nico pelo cortisol salivar e capilar. Houve diferen?as significativas entre as etapas de treinamento na autoefic?cia f?sica e psicol?gica, e na depend?ncia de exerc?cios. O M?todo JT mostrou mudan?a p?s-interven??o positiva e confi?vel nos indicadores de autoconfian?a (bailarina 3- B3); estressores: intr?nsecos fisiol?gicos e cognitivos/emocionais (B6), extr?nsecos sociais (B2, B6); n?veis de estresse geral e espec?fico da dan?a (B2); e componentes n?o promotores da qualidade de vida (B6). Houve mudan?a negativa confi?vel nos estressores: intr?nsecos fisiol?gicos e cognitivos/emocionais (B12); estresse geral (B7, B11, B12); e componentes promotores da qualidade de vida (B1). A an?lise dos relatos verbais pelo IRAMUTEQ e do Di?rio da Dor indicou redu??o na frequ?ncia e intensidade da dor e mudan?as nas estrat?gias de enfrentamento. Segundo ju?zes, a media??o da interven??o promoveu mais a estrutura do que o envolvimento e a autonomia das bailarinas. Conclui-se que essa interven??o pode ser replicada em outros bailarinos, j? que houve melhora nas condi??es psicol?gicas das participantes. Estas relataram satisfa??o em participar da pesquisa, bem como a aprendizagem sobre os processos psicol?gicos, estrat?gias de enfrentamento adaptativas e as rela??es da Psicologia com a dan?a.

Em nossa cultura casar-se e ter filhos são etapas no processo de desenvolvimento do ser humano que têm amplo significado social e psicológico; e ser pai/mãe é uma etapa dentro do ciclo de vida que traz mudanças significativas, tanto para a família, como um todo, quanto para seus membros. Assim como a maternidade tem seus significados para a mulher, a paternidade também os tem e estes, para os homens, são influenciados pelas concepções, crenças e valores que têm acerca do papel paterno. A literatura aponta que a presença de uma doença crônica/deficiência do filho afeta a maneira como estes homens exercem a paternidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a vivência da paternidade em pais de filhos com diagnóstico de Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) e as consequências da presença da doença nas interações familiares e sociais. Participaram oito pais cujos filhos possuem diagnóstico confirmado de DMD, com idade acima dos dez anos e residentes em Ribeirão Preto e cidades circunvizinhas. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a utilização de um roteiro semiestruturado e os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que a notícia da confirmação do diagnóstico de DMD desencadeou uma reação de choque, coexistindo com sentimentos de tristeza, impotência e desesperança. A negação foi a defesa psíquica mais utilizada por eles e a maioria dos pais considera a enfermidade do filho como missão enviada por Deus, desse modo diminuindo a dor e a angústia causadas pelo adoecimento. Os pais utilizaram-se de diversos recursos para enfrentar a doença dos seus filhos, desde a busca de informações sobre tratamento/cura da doença e a religião apareceu como um fator positivo que os ajudou a enfrentar as situações mais difíceis. Apresentam sobrecarga física e psíquica e, ainda, preocupação constante e tristeza em virtude da grande dependência de cuidados que o filho doente exige; além disso, o exercício da paternidade se mostrou mais participativo, sendo o relacionamento com o filho avaliado como de companheirismo. Os pais experimentam, desde a percepção dos sintomas da doença, inúmeras perdas que os expõem a grande sofrimento, diversos eventos estressores e deflagram o processo de luto antecipatório que é atualizado a cada perda funcional que acontece em decorrência da doença. A paternidade de um filho com deficiência foi percebida por eles como um fator que os fez sentirem-se \"pais especiais\", promovendo também amadurecimento e crescimento pessoais. Os pais atribuíram à paternidade o significado de missão a ser cumprida e este significado foi permeado pelo sistema de crenças e valores religiosos. O significado dado à \"paternidade especial\" influenciou positivamente na adaptação à doença, pois favoreceu a elaboração psíquica, mantendo-os motivados frente à adversidade. Conhecer e compreender como os pais vivenciam a paternidade na presença de uma doença crônica/deficiência é fundamental para que se estabeleçam programas de acompanhamento psicológico e assistência não somente para os pais, mas para toda a família, visando à promoção de apoio e estratégias de enfrentamento para uma melhor adaptação à enfermidade e à paternidade. / In our culture to marry and have children are steps in the process of human development that have broad social and psychological meaning and to become a father/mother is a stage in the life cycle that brings significant changes for both the family and its members. As well as motherhood having its meanings for the woman fatherhood also has them and this is influenced by the concepts, beliefs and values of the men concerning the paternal role. The literature indicates that the presence of a chronic illness/disability of the child affects how these men exercise fatherhood. This study aimed to understand the experience of fatherhood in fathers of boys diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and the consequences of the presence of the disease in the social and family interactions. Participants were eight fathers whose children, aged ten years and over, had been diagnosed with DMD, living in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding cities. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured script and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results show that the news of the confirmation of the DMD diagnosis triggered a reaction of shock, coexisting with feelings of sadness, helplessness and hopelessness. Denial was the psychic defense most used by them and the majority of the fathers considered the illness of the child a mission sent from God, thereby decreasing the pain and anguish caused by the illness. The fathers used a variety of resources to cope with the illnesses of their sons, from seeking information regarding treatment/cure for the disease to religion, which appeared as a positive factor that helped them cope with the most difficult situations. They presented physical and mental overload, as well as constant concern and sadness because of the great dependence on care of the sick son. The exercise of fatherhood was shown to be more participatory and the relationship with the child was evaluated as one of companionship. From the perception of the disease symptoms, the fathers experienced many losses that exposed them to great suffering, many stressful events and triggered the process of anticipatory mourning that was upgraded with every functional loss that occured as a result of the disease. They perceived fatherhood of a child with disabilities to be a factor that made them feel like \"special parents\" and also promoted maturation and personal growth. The fathers attributed the meaning of a mission to be fulfilled to the fatherhood and this meaning was permeated by a system of religious beliefs and values. The meaning given to \"special fatherhood\" positively influenced the adaptation to the disease, as it favored psychic elaboration, keeping them motivated in the face of adversity. To know and comprehend how fathers experience fatherhood in the presence of a chronic disease/disability is fundamental to be able to establish psychological counseling and care programs, not only for parents but for the entire family, aiming to promote support and coping strategies for better adaptation to the illness and to fatherhood.