Text in Afrikaans / Die verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid in die Suid-Afrikaanse strafreg word bespreek. Hierdie verweer is van onlangse oorsprong en verskil van die verwere van ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid as gevolg van jeugdigheid en geestesongesteldheid soos in artikel 78(1) van die Strafproseswet 51 van 1977 uiteengesit word. Die verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid dek gevalle waar dit deur faktore soos emosionele spanning veroorsaak is. Hierdie verweer staan ook as die algemene ontoerekeningsvatbaarheidsverweer bekend. In 'n aantal beslissings, soos onder andere, S v Arnold 1985 (3) SA 256 (C); S v Campher 1987 (1) SA 940 (A) en S v Chretien 1981 (1) SA 1097 (A), word die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid wei in die Suid-Afrikaanse strafreg bestaansreg het. Ten einde met 'n verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid te slaag, is die blote ipse dixit van die beskuldigde onvoldoende. 'n Behoorlike grondslag vir die verweer moet gele word. Die bewyslas in die geval van 'n verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid word bespreek. / The defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity in the South African criminal law is discussed. It is a relatively new defence and should be distinguished from the defences such as youth and mental illness set out in section 78(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977. This defence covers cases in which criminal capacity is excluded by factors such as intoxication and emotional stress. It is also known as a general defence of criminal incapacity. In a number of cases, inter alia in S v Arnold 1985(3) SA 256 (C); S v Campher 1987 (1) SA 940 (A) and S v Chretien 1981 (1) SA 1 097 (A) the conclusion is reached that the defence, non-pathological criminal incapacity, does have a right of existence in the South African criminal law. In order to successfully raise the defence on non-pathological criminal incapacity, the mere ipse dixit of the accused is insufficient. A proper foundation for the defence must be laid. The onus of proof is discussed. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.

The abolition of corporal punishment in S v Williams and Others 1995 (3) SA 632 (CC) provided the state with the impetus to consider alternative sentencing options. Unsystematic efforts by the government to reform the juvenile justice system have failed abysmally. The government was forced to review its policies on juvenile sentencing. An examination of international trends reveals the imposition of stricter measures of punishment for serious and violent juvenile offenders. Community-based sentencing options are used mainly for first-time offenders. The focus has also shifted from punishment and retribution to prevention and treatment. It is advocated that serious and violent juvenile offenders be incarcerated in secure-care facilities and/or juvenile prisons and that community-based sentencing options be utilised for first-time offenders. The government should also design programmes that deal with situations that lead to crime and delinquency / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Law)

Text in Afrikaans / Die private persoon het sekere bevoegdhede betreffende die arrestasie en die gebruik van geweld tydens arrestasie van lede van die publiek wat misdade pleeg/gepleeg het. Hierdie bevoegdheid spruit uit sowel die gemenereg as die wettereg. Kragtens die Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproseswet word hierdie bevoegdhede gereel deur aa 42 en 49. Oewerbewoners as eienaars van grand is geregtig op die onverstoorde gebruik en genot van hulle eiendom. Daarteenoor is kanovaarders ook daarop geregtig om op openbare ri vi ere vir wedvaarte te oefen. Di t is egter belangrik om vas te stel of die portage van kano's op die oewer insidenteel is tot die reg om op die rivier te vaar. Ewewig moet bewerkstellig word tussen die botsende belange. Die Waterwet 54 van 1956 behoort gewysig en vereenvoudig te word, aangesien Suid-Afrika nie slegs op die RomeinsHollandse reg kan staatmaak nie - ons waterprobleme staan direk teenoor die van die Nederlande. / The private person has certain powers regarding the arrest and the use of force to effect the arrest of members of the public who have committed/are committing offences. These powers are derived from either common law or statutory law. In terms of the South African Criminal Procedure Act these powers are regulated by ss 42 and 49. Riparian owners are entitled to the undisturbed use and enjoyment of their property. On the other hand, canoeists are also entitled to practise on public rivers. It is important, however, to ascertain whether portage of canoes on the river bank is incidental to the right of canoeing on the river. A balance should be struck between these conflicting interests. The Water Act 54 of 1956 should be amended and simplified, since South Africa cannot rely on Roman Dutch law alone - our water problems are the complete opposite of those in the Netherlands. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Straf- en Strafprosesreg)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie verhandeling is 'n poging om 'n teoretiese-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee omtrent voorvonnisevaluering vanuit 'n penologiese gesigspunt. Met voorvonnisevalueringsverslae word daar gepoog om op 'n sinlike manier beide positiewe en negatiewe elemente van die individuele oortreder se persoonlike- en maatskaplike agtergrond en huidige situasie aan die lig te bring naamlik kenmerke van sy gedragspatrone sowel van sy sterk en swak eienskappe. Die hoofdoel van voorvonnisevalueringsverslae en voorvonnisondersoeke is om regters, landdroste en howe behulpsaam te wees met die bepaling van 'n gepaste en ge"individualiseerde straf. Sonder basiese en deeglike kennis van die oortreder as persoon sal enige verhoorhof in die duister 'n vonnis ople en die kanse vir 'n gepaste straf sal skraal wees. Benewens die wesenlike groei en belangstelling in voorvonnisevelueringsverslae wat deur proefbeamptes of korrektiewe beamptes voorberei word pleit verskeie skrywers vir die gebruikmaking van hierdie evalueringsverslae in die strafregsplegingstelsel veral wat betref jeugdiges, eerste oortreders en ernstige oortreders. / The dissertation will attempt a theoretic fundamental exposition of the role of the presentence evaluation as seen from a penological perspective. With presentence evaluation they attempt to take into consideration the positive as well as the negative elements which are present in the individual's personal and social background for example their day-to-day behaviour. The main purpose of the presentence evaluation report and presentence investigation is to aid the judges, prosecutors and the court in determining a suitable and individualized punishment. Without basic and complete knowledge of the offender as a person the court will not be able to deliver fair judgements and the changes that a suitable punishment will be given is limited. Due to a positive interest in this presentence evaluation report several writers insist of making use of this evaluation report in the criminal law justice system especially where youth, first time offenders and major offenders are concerned. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

Although s 9 of the new Constitution 1 guarantees the right to life, there is no express provision which abolishes the death sentence. Whereas in the past the death sentence could only be avoided by the exercise of judicial discretion or political and public pressure, its imposition will now have to be entirely re-evaluated. Not only are all the laws of the country subject to the new Constitution, 2 but so too a Constitutional Court will be operational which will have the power to test the constitutionality of any such laws. By looking at the standards and relevant issues which are considered to define the constitutionality of the death sentence internationally, reviewing current application of the death sentence in South Africa, drawing comparisons, and by studying the problems unique to the South African situation, it will be the aim of this dissertation to determine how the death sentence will fare under a Constitutional Court. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.

Text in Afrikaans / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 1993 that took effect from 27 April 1994, gave an accused a constitutional right to legal representation. Although the right of an accused to be legally represented formed an integral part of the South African Law, the Constitution gave him the further right ofbeing provided with legal representation at the cost of the State . For the practical implementation ofthe Constitution extensive changes to the current Legal Aid Scheme are essential . This work is an investigation of the justification of an accused's right to legal representation and the right to be provided with legal representation at the expense of the State . The practical implementation of the Constitution is discussed and suggestions are made that might be a solution to the current problem of the provision of legal aid at the State's expense. / Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika 200 van 1993 wat op 27 April 1994 in werking getree het, het konstitusionele erkenning verleen aan 'n beskuldigde se reg op regsverteenwoordiging . Alhoewel die reg van 'n beskuldigde tot regsverteenwoordiging inherent deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg was het die Grondwet verder gegaan en 'n beskuldigde die reg gegee om op staatskoste van regsverteenwoordiging voorsien te word . Om die Grondwet prakties uitvoerbaar te maak sal ingrypende veranderings aan die huidige Regshulpskema noodsaaklik wees . Hierdie werk behels 'n regshistoriese - en regsvergelykende studie van die reg van 'n beskuldigde tot regsverteenwoordiging en die reg om op staatskoste van regshulp voorsien te word . Die praktiese uitvoerbaarheid van die Grondwet word bespreek en voorstelle word aan die hand gedoen om die huidige situasie, wat betref die verskaffing van regshulp op staatskoste, te verbeter . / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.

Du supin latin « substituere », la substitution désigne le fait de « mettre une personne ou une chose à la place d’une autre pour lui faire jouer le même rôle ». Utilisé dans de nombreux domaines, juridiques ou non, le mécanisme est actuellement intéressant en matière de lutte contre la surpopulation carcérale et la lenteur de la procédure pénale. Aussi, concernant le prononcé des peines, la substitution substantielle parfaite permet au juge pénal de remplacer la peine d’emprisonnement encourue par une peine non privative de liberté. Celle imparfaite octroie au juge le droit de prononcer un aménagement de peine, un sursis avec mise à l’épreuve ou un sursis avec obligation d’accomplir un travail d’intérêt général. Quant au procès pénal, la substitution procédurale parfaite conduit à l’évitement de ce procès par la mise en œuvre d’alternatives aux poursuites. Celle imparfaite consiste enfin à modifier certaines règles relatives au procès pénal afin d’accélérer la procédure et de renforcer son efficacité. Malgré ses avantages, la substitution, en matière pénale, n’est pas suffisamment connue ni maîtrisée par les professionnels et théoriciens. Ceux-ci dénoncent le manque de clarté et de précisions dans les règles relatives au mécanisme. Les ambiguïtés existantes nuisent à sa pertinence. Il est donc intéressant de s’interroger sur la possibilité de définir la substitution et d’en établir une théorie générale. / From the Latin supine « substituere », substitution means to « replace someone (or something) by another one (or thing) to make him (or it) play the same role ». Used in several fields, legal or not, the mechanism is currently interesting regarding fight against prison overpopulation and slowness in criminal procedure. By the way, concerning the punishments, the « perfect » substantial substitution allows the penal judge to replace the prison term by a noncustodial sentence. With the « imperfect » substitution, the judge can give the delinquent a sentencing reduction, a suspended sentence with probation or a suspended sentence with community services. As for the penal trial, the « perfect » procedural substitution allows to avoid it. Alternative to judicial proceedings accelerate the procedure. The « imperfect » substitution allows to modify some rules related to the penal trial in order to strengthen its efficiency. In spite of its advantages, the substitution is not known and mastered enough by the professionals and the theorists. They denounce the lack of clarity and precision in rules relating to substitution. The current ambiguities damage its suitability. It is thus interesting to wonder about defining and establishing a general theory of substitution in penal case.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-09T13:03:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Simões Pacheco Savoia.pdf: 1049750 bytes, checksum: fea2a78c3b006b831736d7155fcd6ac9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T13:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Simões Pacheco Savoia.pdf: 1049750 bytes, checksum: fea2a78c3b006b831736d7155fcd6ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / The award-winning collaboration had a procedural regulation by the new criminal organizational law 12.850/2013, and there on, has been broadly debated, especially when its utilization is concerned, in large investigations conducted by police officials, as a means of evidence obstruction. For this reason, reinforce the debate around gaps and controversial issues mentioned in this law, so that the institute be applied in conformity with the federal constitution, and is increasingly solidified in the procedural system. It is worth noting that the analysis of this institute in impartiality with the judge, especially in view of the development of the international courts of human rights. In this manner, the analysis falls on the performance within the procedure of collaboration, to determine whether assurance of the judge's impartiality are violated when the judge who sentenced the case is the same one who acts in the investigation phase, and who ratifies the awarded agreement. Some alternate routes are pointed out with the purpose of constructing a better adaptation of the procedure to guarantee impartiality, by avoiding allegations of inconsistencies and illegalities. Thus, intends are to prioritize the findings and solutions that best match the principles that underlie the democratic state of law and the protection of human dignity / A colaboração premiada teve seu procedimento regulamentado pela nova Lei de Organização Criminosa – Lei 12.850/2013 – e, desde então, tem sido amplamente debatida, principalmente em razão da sua utilização, nas grandes investigações policiais, como principal meio de obtenção de provas. Por isso, salutar o debate em torno das lacunas e dos pontos controversos da referida lei para que o instituto seja aplicado em conformidade com a Constituição Federal e se solidifique no sistema processual cada vez mais. Destaca-se a análise do referido instituto diante da garantia da imparcialidade do juiz, principalmente diante do desenvolvimento traçado pelas Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. Desta forma, a análise recai sobre a atuação do juiz dentro do procedimento da colaboração para questionar se garantia da imparcialidade do juiz é violada quando o juiz que sentencia o processo é o mesmo que atua na fase da investigação e que homologa o acordo de colaboração premiada. Alguns caminhos alternativos são apontados com a finalidade de construir uma melhor adequação do procedimento à garantia da imparcialidade visando evitar alegações de inconstitucionalidades e ilegalidades. Portanto, pretende-se priorizar as constatações e soluções que melhor se coadunam com as normas principiológicas que prestigiem os fins do Estado Democrático de Direito e da proteção da dignidade humana

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mylene Comploier.pdf: 6040902 bytes, checksum: ccbd2535803c7b949ceaf639f55b5f92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-03 / This study aims to make a critical analysis of the Brazilian management and disposal of apprehended goods seized, impounded, locked and specific foregone by the criminal justice system. Globalization has brought with it the international nature of crime. To face that issue, a new criminal policy has become part from the international agenda, settled on the tripod criminalizing money laundering, international legal cooperation and confiscation. A criminal law reaction is moved to a economic realm, since the application of imprisonment is considered too low to quell this new type of crime, especially in so-called 'white-collar offenses'. With this paradigm shift, several relevant international conventions and treaties ratified by Brazil, recommend the objective of placing the offender in the net assets it had before the perpetration of the crime, which gave body to the issue, although tibia way, some pieces of legislation that deal with the asset from crime aspect. Hereinafter new problems emerge notably practical applicability on the issue of asset recovery, including the absence or ineffectiveness of heritage inquiries, need to Changeover the mentality of of law operators and the pressing request for creating bodies or agencies that devolve management of seized goods, including its preservation provisional use, selling or leasing prior. On the legislative side, as well is approaching-acute the approval from a bill that comes to domain putting out civil action order to make it possible the enlarged lost, by taking into consideration the new global criminal policy adopted regarding the economic criminality was ratified by several international conventions and treaties. / O presente trabalho pretende efetuar uma análise crítica do modelo em curso no Brasil para gestão e destinação de bens apreendidos, sequestrados, arrestados, bloqueados e determinados perdidos pelo sistema de Justiça Penal. A globalização trouxe consigo o caráter transnacional do crime. Para fazer frente a essa problemática, uma nova política criminal passou a fazer parte da agenda internacional, assentada no tripé criminalização da lavagem de dinheiro, cooperação jurídica internacional e confisco de bens. A reação penal é deslocada para o âmbito econômico, uma vez que a aplicação da pena de prisão é considerada insuficiente para reprimir essa nova forma de criminalidade, notadamente nos denominados white-collar crimes . Com essa mudança de paradigma, diversas convenções e tratados internacionais ratificados pelo Brasil preconizam o objetivo de colocar o criminoso na situação patrimonial que possuía antes do cometimento do crime, o que deu corpo à edição, ainda que de maneira tíbia, de alguns diplomas legislativos que tratam do aspecto patrimonial do crime. Doravante, surgem novos problemas notadamente de aplicabilidade prática na questão da recuperação de ativos, tais como a ausência ou ineficiência de investigações patrimoniais, a necessidade de mudança de mentalidade dos operadores do direito e a urgente demanda para a criação de órgãos ou agências que se incumbam da gestão de bens apreendidos, incluindo a sua conservação, uso provisório, venda antecipada ou locação. No plano legislativo, avizinha-se também premente a aprovação de projeto de lei que trata da ação civil de extinção de domínio, a fim de tornar possível a perda alargada, levando-se em consideração a nova política criminal mundial adotada em relação à criminalidade econômica, ratificada por diversos tratados e convenções internacionais.

La justice pénale est aujourd’hui confrontée au numérique et le développement des données dématérialisées, dont la valeur patrimoniale ne cesse de s’accroître, lui pose des défis de nature idéologique, sociologique, économique, géopolitique et, bien évidemment juridique. Elle doit faire face à la cybercriminalité qui se joue du temps, de l’espace et des législations puisque les actes illicites se déroulent désormais dans le cyberespace. Mais, pour que le système de justice pénale puisse contribuer efficacement à la lutte contre la cybercriminalité, les États doivent pouvoir s’appuyer sur un ensemble de règles juridiques contre cette criminalité et des systèmes de justice pénale qui fonctionnent correctement, doivent avoir les capacités nécessaires pour démêler les affaires pénales qui peuvent être complexes et coopérer à la répression de la cybercriminalité au plan international / Nowdays, Criminal justice is confronted to digital and the development of dematerialized data, whose heritage value is still increasing, raise challenges of ideological, sociological, economical, geopolitical and of course legal nature. Criminal justice needs to deal with cybercrime which make light of time, space and legislation because illicit acts now take place in cyberspace. However, so that the criminal justice system can contribute effectively to fight against cybercrime, states should be able to lean on a set of legal rules against crime and criminal justice systems which work correctly, should have the necessary abilities to get to the bottom of legal affairs which can be complex and cooperate in cybercrime repression on the international level