Code written in the DigitalMicrograph® scripting language enables a new experimental design for acquiring the magnetic dichroism in EELS. Called the q-E STEM setup, it provides simultaneous acquisition of the dichroic pairs of spectra (eliminating major error sources) while preserving the real-space resolution of STEM. This gives the setup great potential for real-space maps of magnetic momenta which can be instrumental in furthering the understanding of e.g. interfacial magnetic effects. The report includes a thorough presentation of the created acquisition routine, a detailed outline of future work and a fast introduction to the DMscript language.

The purpose of this study was to find a method for exploring the potential of increasing the efficiency of a manual manufacturing process while simultaneously maintaining the flexibility and the ability to adjust to changes in demand. The study has been conducted in cooperation with Scania CV AB Engine Assembly in Södertälje, Sweden. This explorative study has been conducted using a framework mixing traditional Quality and Process Management literature, with theories of Innovation Management and ways of designing a production process. The framework was designed by focusing on perspectives to help explain and optimize the dynamics of a manual assembly process characterized by high variation. Increasing the efficiency has included the elimination of waste and disturbances while creating opportunities for continuous improvement. Improving the ability to adjust to changes in demand and volume has included reorganization of the information flow. Activities aimed at increasing the efficiency and improving flexibility requires a base of information which is sufficient and enables fact-based decision-making. An analysis of the current state was conducted using triangulation of data collection methods. Interviews, observations, focus groups, surveys, and numeric data was analyzed. Tools of Quality Management, Lean Management, and the Productivity Potential Assessment method were used to develop a framework for evaluating a manual production process and aim to collect, process, compile, weigh, prioritize, and visualize the processes and the identified challenges. Identification of improvement activities and the design of a future state was conducted through extensive interviews and focus groups and by interpreting relevant literature. Mapping of the current state generated five primary challenges which are complicating the daily work in different ways. The challenge estimated to have the highest overall impact on the studied process is Time Data Management. This challenge refers to the lack of valid and correct data on which to accurately plan and control the process.

Os programas de computador têm apoiado o estudo de sistemas biomédicos em que um volume considerável de dados são empregados. Na biomecânica, a análise das influências entre as articulações pode melhorar o conhecimento das lesões relacionadas à corrida associadas ao uso excessivo durante a atividade de corrida. Compreender os padrões de interação entre diferentes articulações anatômicas, durante o movimento, pode contribuir para o aprimoramento de programas de treinamento, reabilitação e prevenção a lesões. Neste trabalho, um software personalizado foi desenvolvido para implementar a Coerência Parcial Direcionada (PDC), uma abordagem no domínio da freqüência da Causalidade de Granger (GC), adequado às especificidades da fisioterapia. Com entradas independentes e padronizadas, modularização e parametrização, as rotinas investigaram a direção de interação entre diferentes canais, registrando e salvando arquivos intermediários. Separados nos três planos anatômicos, sagital, frontal e transverso, foram utilizados dados cinemáticos para analisar as interações entre tornozelo, joelho, quadril, pelve e tronco durante a corrida. Três modificações de técnica de corrida foram abordadas: com aterrissagem iniciada com o antepé, com aumento de 10% na taxa de passo e com aumento de flexão de tronco, além da habitual. As análises foram realizadas para o ciclo completo (apoio e balanço) e com separação da fase de apoio, e revelaram que essas duas estratégias de processamento são complementares. Comparando as influências proximal e distal, os procedimentos sugeriram uma predominância das interações proximal a distal, mostrando uma origem central de movimentos. Dessa forma, destaca-se a relevância em controlar e fortalecer tronco e quadril para a minimização de lesões. Considerando os resultados e a oportunidade de configuração, o software pode ser empregado para estudar outras articulações e aplicações, bem como evoluir para um sistema automatizado de apoio à decisão. / Computer programs have supported the study of biomedical systems in which a considerable amount of data is employed. In biomechanics, analysis of influences between joints can improve the knowledge of the Running-Related-Injuries (RRI) associated to overuse during running activity. Understanding the patterns of interaction among anatomical joints during movement can contribute to the improvement of training, rehabilitation and injury prevention programs. In this work, a customized software was developed to implement Partial Directed Coherence (PDC), an approach in the frequency domain of Granger Causality (GC), adapted to the physical therapy specificities. With independent and standardized inputs, modularization and parameterization, the routines investigated the interaction direction between different channels, logging and saving intermediate files. Separated in the three anatomical planes, sagittal, frontal and transverse, kinematic data were employed to analyze the interactions between ankle, knee, hip, pelvis and trunk during running. Three running technique modifications were addressed: forefoot strike landing pattern, increasing 10% of the step rate and increasing trunk flexion, in addition to usual running. The analyzes were performed for the complete cycle (stance and swing) and with separation of the stance phase, and revealed that these two processing strategies are complementary. Comparing proximal and distal influences, procedures suggested a predominance of proximal to distal interactions, showing a central origin of movements. In this way, the importance of controlling and strengthening trunk and hip to minimize injuries is highlighted. Considering the results and the processing configuration opportunity, the software can be employed to study other joints and applications, as well as evolve to an automated decision support system.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 10 / Fundo Loyola de Apoio Acadêmico / A presente dissertação expõe aspectos da filosofia jurídica e política de Francisco Suárez, notadamente no que se refere à lei natural e ao direito internacional. Quanto a este, é atribuída à filosofia suareziana a paternidade do mesmo como disciplina em contraposição aos méritos postos a Hugo Grócio. Na filosofia suareziana do direito internacional é destacado o papel fundamental que o costume exerce na regulação das relações internacionais, bem como o entendimento do filósofo acerca da constituição da comunidade política e do conceito de soberania. Esta é importante observar porque os Estados a preservam e são os membros da comunidade política internacional. Serão, portanto, aqueles que estabelecerão os costumes a serem observados nas próprias relações que houver entre si. Assim, os conceitos de autoridade civil e de origem e legitimidade do poder também ganham em importância. Já a concepção de lei natural em Francisco Suárez é deveras importante porque se trata da melhor manifestação do direito natural e o / The following speech reveals aspects of the juridic philosophy and politics of Francisco Suárez. Notably, in wich reffers to the natural law and international right. To him is assigned the suarezian paternity, as a disciplin in oposite ways to the merits atributed to Hugo Grócio. In the suarezian philosophy of the intenational right, the main role of customs is enfasized as the basic rules of the international relationship, as well the understanding of the philosopher about the constitution ogf the politic comunity and the concept of sovereignty. This one is important to observe because the state preserve it and are members of the inernational politics comunity. It will be, however, those who stablish the customs that will be observed in the relationships itself. Then, the concepts of civil authority and the origin and legitimity of the power also grow in importance. Now, the conception of natural law in Francisco Suárez, is indeed, important because it deals with a better manifestation of natural right and i

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-01T13:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Dourado Castro_.pdf: 3163818 bytes, checksum: 2ff0f1fa27452a774199fd07ab71e354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T13:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Dourado Castro_.pdf: 3163818 bytes, checksum: 2ff0f1fa27452a774199fd07ab71e354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação apresenta uma pesquisa a cerca da negociação no design de moda sobmedida, tendo como objetivo analisar os mecanismos usados pelos designers em momentos de conflitos durante o processo de projeto que envolve a participação do cliente. Para tanto é apresentado referencial teórico em dois capítulos. Onde inicialmente, são discorridos os conceitos de design, aspectos referentes aos processos e modelos de projetos de design, para por fim descrever o processo característico dos projetos de moda sobmedida. Segue-se a abordagem conceitos relativos a conflito e negociação, importância da negociação e meios para a solução de conflitos. A investigação em caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por meio a entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscando a visão dos designers, que foram submetidas à Analise de Conteúdo. Após apresentação dos resultados obtidos, são dispostas as discussões ampliando os conhecimentos sobre a compreensão de como designers de moda agem ao enfrentar momentos de conflito junto a seus clientes em projetos exclusivos. A pesquisa contribuiu para a discussão do tema, bem como foi esclarecedora em relação à prática de projeto de moda envolvendo os clientes. / This dissertation presents a research about the negotiation in custom-made fashion design, having as obtectives to analyse the mechanisms used by designers to solve conflicts during the design prosses involving the participation of the client. For this purpose, the theoretical reference is presented in two chapters, where it is discussed the concepts of design, aspects related to processes of the designers and tools for conflict resolution. It was carried out the exploratory research with qualitative approach through semi-structured in-depth interviews, seeking the view of designers who were submitted to the Content Analysis. After the presentation of the results obtained, it is presented the discussions, increasing the knowledge on the understanding of how fashion designers act when facing moments of conflict with their clients in exclusive designs . The research not only contributed for the discussion of the theme but was also illustrative as to the practice of fashion design involving clients.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Bortoloto do Carmo.pdf: 2904216 bytes, checksum: 356065f121ef31b414761076ebfb8838 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This article analyzes the daily life relationships through the conflicts generated by the application of the Municipal Postures within the routine of the city of Santos (1870-1890). To find the "being" of everyday life, and not look at it from the perspective of the municipality and legitimize its speech, the invisible in the application process of these postures was sought. In the studied period migrants and immigrants came to the city from all over the country and the world; at the same time, it was striking in the speech of the municipality issues such as "modernity" and "progress". This made the "other" to not be understood in its complexity and forced that all these experiences were buoyed by the unifying speech in search of "civilized" habits. In the research were worked questions related on transport, especially the conflicts involving the main forms of transportation in the city: the wagons, trams and passersby. Within these experiments, it was also sought from social to labor relations, as how these people understood the roads and the role of the City Council in designing ownership changes of these territories, fining and directing the daily practices. The city also widened and grew beyond its colonial boundaries; new districts appeared which did not happen without conflicts or disputes among the elite sectors. The search for new places to live also meant the existence of conflicts and difficulties of living in the city center. Several people came to the city in search of work and they were looking for places to establish themselves in a fixed way or for just a couple of nights. It was common to see employees living in their workplace, causing a surveillance increase of these types of houses. It was during the 1870s that the word ―cortiço" was incorporated in the vocabulary of the municipality agents and it had become a problem to be solved. The supervision of the construction of the also called "little rooms" or "cubicles" were quite difficult because a handful of accumulated wood in a day could mean a cortiço built in the next day. Furthermore, the centrality that the city of Santos acquired in the years 1870-1890 for immigrants, migrants, slaves and freed slaves meant that a great multitude of habits and customs were placed towards fiscal actions that aimed at a "civilized" city project. This discourse and practices have become more incisive and inspections were more constant in the daily life of the population by the presence of epidemic outbreaks - mainly yellow fever and smallpox - making customs that were considered harmful to health and hygiene come to light. Evictions of "putrid matter", the garbage, the city cleaning and the very way that people lived were symptoms showing a ―sick urban body." Within this perspective, the municipality alternated between soft and palliative speeches and others more assertive and interventionist. With these issues in mind, efforts were made understand these historical subjects, their experiences, their paths among the various conflicts analyzed and bring them to the fore, valuing their voices and their actions in the routine of the city of Santos, in its various forms of living and survive / Este trabalho analisa as relações cotidianas através dos conflitos gerados pela aplicação das Posturas Municipais dentro do cotidiano da cidade de Santos (1870 a 1890). Para encontrar o ―ser‖ desse cotidiano, e não olhá-lo através da perspectiva da municipalidade e legitimar seu discurso, procurou-se o invisível no processo de aplicação dessas posturas. No período estudado migrantes e imigrantes chegavam à cidade de todas as partes do país e do mundo; ao mesmo tempo, era marcante no discurso da municipalidade questões como a ―modernidade‖ e o ―progresso‖. Isso fazia com que o ―outro‖ não fosse compreendido em sua complexidade e forçava com que todas essas experiências fossem balizadas pelo discurso unificador em busca de hábitos ―civilizados‖. Na pesquisa foram trabalhadas questões relativas aos transportes, principalmente os conflitos que envolviam as principais formas de locomoção na cidade: as carroças, os bondes e os transeuntes. Dentro dessas experiências, procurou-se desde relações sociais e de trabalho, como essas pessoas entendiam as vias públicas e qual o papel da Câmara Municipal em projetar mudanças de apropriação desses territórios, autuando, multando e direcionando as práticas cotidianas. A cidade também se alargava e crescia para além de seus limites coloniais, surgiam novos bairros o que não aconteceu sem conflitos ou disputas entre setores da elite. A busca por novos locais para morar também significava a existência de conflitos e dificuldades de habitar dentro do centro urbano. Diversas pessoas chegavam à cidade em busca de trabalho e procuravam locais para se estabelecer de forma fixa ou por apenas um par de noites. Era comum que empregados morassem no próprio local de trabalho, fazendo com que fiscais aumentassem a fiscalização desses tipos de moradias. Foi durante a década de 1870 que a palavra ―cortiço‖ incorporou-se no vocabulário dos agentes da municipalidade e tornaram-se um problema a ser solucionado. A fiscalização da construção dos também chamados ―quartinhos‖ ou ―cubículos‖ eram bastante dificultosas pois um punhado de madeiras acumuladas em um dia poderiam significar um cortiço construído no dia seguinte. Além disso, a centralidade que a cidade de Santos adquiriu nos anos de 1870 a 1890 para imigrantes, migrantes, escravos e forros faziam com que uma grande multiplicidade de hábitos e costumes fossem colocados frente a ações fiscalizatórias que visavam um projeto de cidade ―civilizada‖. Esse discurso e práticas tornaram-se mais incisivos e as fiscalizações ficaram mais constantes no cotidiano da população pela presença dos surtos epidêmicos principalmente da febre amarela e varíola fazendo com que os costumes que fossem considerados nocivos à saúde e a higiene viessem à tona. Os despejos de ―matérias pútridas‖, o lixo, a limpeza da cidade e a própria forma que a população vivia eram sintomas que evidenciavam um ―corpo urbano doente‖. Dentro dessa perspectiva, a municipalidade alternava entre discursos brandos e paliativos e outros mais assertivos e intervencionistas. Tendo essas questões em vista, buscou-se compreender esses sujeitos históricos, suas experiências, suas trajetórias em meio aos diversos conflitos analisados e trazê-los à tona, valorizando suas vozes e suas atuações no cotidiano da cidade de Santos, em suas várias formas de viver e sobreviver

Este projeto apresenta uma metodologia aplicada à análise da viabilidade de se otimizar código fonte C para o processador embarcado Nios II. Esta metodologia utiliza ferramentas de análise de código que traçam o perfil da aplicação, identificando suas partes críticas em relação ao tempo de execução, as quais são o gprof e o performance counter. Para otimizar o código para o processador Nios II, são utilizadas tanto instruções customizadas quanto uma ferramenta automática de aceleração de código, o compilador C2H. Como casos de estudo, foram escolhidos três algoritmos devido à sua importância no campo da robótica móvel, sendo eles o gaxpy, o EKF e o SIFT. A partir da aplicação da metodologia para se otimizar cada um dos casos, foi comparada a eficiência tanto das ferramentas de análise de código, quanto das ferramentas de otimização, bem como a validade da metodologia proposta / This project presents a methodology applied to analyze the viability of C source code optimization for the Nios II embedded processor. This methodology utilizes the gprof and performance counter source code analysis tools to profile the source code of an application, and identify its critical time consuming parts. The optimization of C source code for the Nios II processor was performed using custom instructions and an automatic source code acceleration tool, the C2H compiler. Three algorithms were chosen as study cases, based on their importance to mobile robotics. Those were the gaxpy, EKF and SIFT algorithms. After applying the presented methodology to optimize each study case, efficiency comparisons were made between the source code analysis tools, as well between the optimization tools, in order to validate the presented methodology

Os programas de computador têm apoiado o estudo de sistemas biomédicos em que um volume considerável de dados são empregados. Na biomecânica, a análise das influências entre as articulações pode melhorar o conhecimento das lesões relacionadas à corrida associadas ao uso excessivo durante a atividade de corrida. Compreender os padrões de interação entre diferentes articulações anatômicas, durante o movimento, pode contribuir para o aprimoramento de programas de treinamento, reabilitação e prevenção a lesões. Neste trabalho, um software personalizado foi desenvolvido para implementar a Coerência Parcial Direcionada (PDC), uma abordagem no domínio da freqüência da Causalidade de Granger (GC), adequado às especificidades da fisioterapia. Com entradas independentes e padronizadas, modularização e parametrização, as rotinas investigaram a direção de interação entre diferentes canais, registrando e salvando arquivos intermediários. Separados nos três planos anatômicos, sagital, frontal e transverso, foram utilizados dados cinemáticos para analisar as interações entre tornozelo, joelho, quadril, pelve e tronco durante a corrida. Três modificações de técnica de corrida foram abordadas: com aterrissagem iniciada com o antepé, com aumento de 10% na taxa de passo e com aumento de flexão de tronco, além da habitual. As análises foram realizadas para o ciclo completo (apoio e balanço) e com separação da fase de apoio, e revelaram que essas duas estratégias de processamento são complementares. Comparando as influências proximal e distal, os procedimentos sugeriram uma predominância das interações proximal a distal, mostrando uma origem central de movimentos. Dessa forma, destaca-se a relevância em controlar e fortalecer tronco e quadril para a minimização de lesões. Considerando os resultados e a oportunidade de configuração, o software pode ser empregado para estudar outras articulações e aplicações, bem como evoluir para um sistema automatizado de apoio à decisão. / Computer programs have supported the study of biomedical systems in which a considerable amount of data is employed. In biomechanics, analysis of influences between joints can improve the knowledge of the Running-Related-Injuries (RRI) associated to overuse during running activity. Understanding the patterns of interaction among anatomical joints during movement can contribute to the improvement of training, rehabilitation and injury prevention programs. In this work, a customized software was developed to implement Partial Directed Coherence (PDC), an approach in the frequency domain of Granger Causality (GC), adapted to the physical therapy specificities. With independent and standardized inputs, modularization and parameterization, the routines investigated the interaction direction between different channels, logging and saving intermediate files. Separated in the three anatomical planes, sagittal, frontal and transverse, kinematic data were employed to analyze the interactions between ankle, knee, hip, pelvis and trunk during running. Three running technique modifications were addressed: forefoot strike landing pattern, increasing 10% of the step rate and increasing trunk flexion, in addition to usual running. The analyzes were performed for the complete cycle (stance and swing) and with separation of the stance phase, and revealed that these two processing strategies are complementary. Comparing proximal and distal influences, procedures suggested a predominance of proximal to distal interactions, showing a central origin of movements. In this way, the importance of controlling and strengthening trunk and hip to minimize injuries is highlighted. Considering the results and the processing configuration opportunity, the software can be employed to study other joints and applications, as well as evolve to an automated decision support system.

The thesis deals with the application of compensators andswitches based on power electronics in AC transmission anddistribution systems. The objective of the studieddevices/equipment is the power flow and voltage control intransmission systems and the mitigation of voltage sags andmomentary interruptions to critical loads in distributionsystems. For validating the power electronics based devices/equipmentdescribed in the thesis, scaled models at a real-time simulatorhave been built. Simulation results of these models arepresented and discussed in the thesis. The equipment studied in the thesis exploit the fast controlactions that can be taken by power electronics devices, whichare much faster than the speed of conventional equipment andprotection systems, based on electromechanical devices. In thisway, the power quality of distribution systems is improved,regarding duration and magnitude of voltage sags (dips) andmomentary interruptions, which are the most relevant types ofdisturbances in distribution systems. The thesis presents some compensators based onforced-commutation voltage-source converters for correctingvoltage sags and swells to critical loads. The seriesconverter, usually denoted Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), hasbeen proved suitable for the task of compensating voltage sagsin the supply network. The use of solid-state devices ascircuit breakers in distribution systems has also been studiedwith the objective of achieving fast interruption or limitationof fault currents. The location and practical aspects for theinstallation of these solid-state breakers are presented. Ithas beenshown that a configuration based on shunt and seriesconnected solid-state devices with controllable turn-offcapability can also provide voltage sag mitigation, without theneed of transformers and large energy storage elements. The operation and control of two Flexible AC TransmissionSystem (FACTS) devices for voltage and power flow control intransmission systems, namely the Static Synchronous Compensator(STATCOM) and the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC),respectively, are also studied. A faster response compared totraditional equipment consisting of mechanically based/switchedelements is then achieved. This allows a more flexible controlof power flow and a secure loading of transmission lines tolevels nearer to their thermal limits. The behaviour of thesedevices during faults in the transmission system is alsopresented. Keywords: power electronics, power quality, voltagesags, voltage-source converters, Custom Power, FACTS, real-timesimulations, solid-state devices.

Embedded system designers face multiple challenges in fulfilling the runtime requirements of programs. Effective scheduling of programs is required to extract as much parallelism as possible. These scheduling algorithms must also improve speedup after instruction-set extensions have occurred. Scheduling of dynamic code at run time is made more difficult when the static components of the program are scheduled inefficiently. This research aims to optimize a program’s static code at compile time. This is achieved with four algorithms designed to schedule code at the task and instruction level. Additionally, the algorithms improve scheduling using instruction set extended code on symmetrical homogeneous multiprocessor systems. Using these algorithms, we achieve speedups up to 3.86X over sequential execution for a 4-issue 2-processor system, and show better performance than recent heuristic techniques for small programs. Finally, the algorithms generate speedup values for a 64-point FFT that are similar to the test runs.