Charles Darwin has achieved both notoriety and fame for his evolutionary ideas encapsulated principally in The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man. Although credited for much originality in his writings, Darwin's legacy borrowed extensively from many who had propounded similar speculations centuries before him. His naturalistic argument for origin and species reveals both logical and theological problems with his thesis, and further unavoidable ramifications. The contention is that even Darwin himself could not, and did not, live by the ideas he boldly espoused. His ideas, if true, would destroy the very basis upon which his thesis depended. His evolutionary paradigm had to take for granted a world he could give no account for. Yet his antipathy of Biblical Christianity, and its God, inspired him to pursue his personal naturalistic agenda with little regard to the logical consequences. Modern evolutionary science may look back today with pride on its founder, Charles Darwin, yet the problems which were intrinsic to his thesis remain unanswered yet. / Thesis (M.Th. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This thesis investigates the extent to which human rights law may be used to challenge the forced eviction of people who live in public space under public space laws. The specific case study is the operation of Darwin City Council By-law 103, which bans camping, or adults sleeping in a public place between sunset and sunrise. The by-law is used to criminalise or forcibly evict people who live in public space in Darwin in the Northern Territory. Darwin has the highest proportionate number of homeless people of any capital city in Australia. Indigenous people are significantly over-represented. The thesis charts recent legislative changes across Australia to demonstrate that public space laws, such as Darwin City Council By-law 103, continue to be popular public policy responses to law and order concerns. This legal regulation is being undertaken without ensuring compliance with international human rights standards. There has been a marked increase in Australia of the use of available domestic and international human rights tools to raise concerns about the enforcement of these laws against people living in public space. Through a review of secondary sources, the thesis establishes that some 15 human rights have been identified as potentially engaged by such enforcement but Australian jurisprudence has yet to emerge. The thesis selects the human right to privacy, family and home for detailed analysis. It interrogates available evidence from Darwin, international and comparative jurisprudence and secondary sources to determine whether the forced eviction of people living in public space under Darwin City Council By-law 103 may be found to violate the right to respect for privacy, family and home in a particular case. The study aims to make a specific contribution to growing endeavours to promote the human rights of people who are homeless, including people who live in public space. Its detailed analysis is designed to support a human rights litigation strategy at both domestic and international level, in order to challenge the extent to which people living in public space are subjected to criminalisation and forced eviction when they have nowhere else to live.

The Darwin-Hatherton glacial system is an outlet glacial system in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, which drains ice from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet into the Ross Ice Shelf. This research provides remotely sensed data that can be used in modeling research for the Darwin-Hatherton glacial system, which in turn can be used in mass balance research for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Two improved digital elevation models (DEM) are produced to cover the lower Darwin Glacier and to cover the upper Darwin and Hatherton Glaciers. The new improved DEMs are generated from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data, with a resolution of 45 m. To produce the two final DEMs, multiple DEMs are firstly adjusted to remove systematic errors and are then stacked and averaged to increase the accuracy and produce the final two DEMs. For the lower Darwin Glacier, 5 DEMs were averaged and in the upper Darwin and Hatherton Glaciers, 6 DEMs were averaged. The accuracy is quantified by a remaining error of + 9 m for the lower Darwin Glacier DEM and + 37 m for the upper Darwin and Hatherton Glaciers DEM. This is a significant improvement from the existing 200 m resolution Radarsat Antarctic mapping project (RAMPv2) DEM which has a remaining error of + 138 m over the lower Darwin Glacier and + 152 m over the upper Darwin and Hatherton Glaciers. The accuracy is assessed by comparing the ASTER and RAMPv2 DEMs to highly accurate ice, cloud and land elevation satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry data. A 15 m resolution, true colour, orthorectified image is provided for the entire Darwin-Hatherton glacial system from ASTER satellite imagery. The DEMs used to orthorectify the ASTER satellite imagery are the two new 45 m resolution ASTER DEMs. Lastly feature tracking was explored as a method for measuring surface ice velocity. This research shows that feature tracking is unsuitable for the Darwin-Hatherton glacial system if using 15 m resolution satellite imagery over a 1 to 4 year time period.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-298) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 256 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-256).

La théorie de l’évolution de Charles Darwin est une des plus importantes théories scientifiques. Plus particulièrement, sa théorie de la sélection naturelle a permis l’élimination des explications téléologiques et de l’impression d’intention en biologie. Cet apport du darwinisme est remis en question par la parution en 2010 de What Darwin Got Wrong. Dans cet ouvrage, Jerry Fodor présente une critique philosophique de la théorie de la sélection naturelle comme processus causal de l’évolution. Cette critique donna naissance à une grande polémique entre biologistes et philosophes sur la légitimité de la théorie darwinienne. Cette thèse avance que ce débat tourne autour d’un dialogue de sourds. La conception de la causalité des interlocuteurs varie et est rarement explicitée. Mettre au jour ces présuppositions causales permet de dissoudre certains problèmes et de réorienter le débat. La causalité en est le concept central et son analyse est impérative pour justifier la légitimité du darwinisme.

Se analizaron 47 muestras de roca procedentes de la vertiente norte de Cordillera Darwin desde una perspectiva petrográfica y de geoquímica mineral. Por medio de estos procedimientos se concluye acerca de los grados metamórficos alcanzados y en especial de las trayectorias de presión-temperatura que siguieron las rocas del Complejo Metamórfico Cordillera Darwin (CMCD) y de las rocas volcano-sedimentarias mesozoicas que le sobreyacen. Tanto las observaciones petrográficas como los resultados de microsonda electrónica, son consistentes en indicar un metamorfismo regional prógrado, que varía desde el bajo grado hasta el grado medio en facie anfibolita en distintas zonas del CMCD. Los minerales diagnósticos de estos metamorfismos corresponden a clorita, mica blanca y epidota para el primer grupo, mientras que granate, anfíbola, mica blanca y biotita son minerales comunes para el segundo grupo de más alto grado metamórfico. Cálculos de presión y temperatura fueron realizados utilizando la química de minerales formados durante el peak metamórfico, así como de algunos minerales retrógrados, por medio de geotermobarómetros desarrollados por distintos autores. Estos resultados indican que el peak metamórfico se debió alcanzar al menos condiciones de 550 a 580°C y 5 a 5,4Kbar, mientras que cristales de clorita retrograda indican nuevas condiciones de metamorfismo alrededor de 370°C. Si bien estas condiciones son calculadas para un reducido grupo de rocas, es posible extender dichos resultados a otras localidades en base a consideraciones petrográficas y de química mineral. Muestras procedentes de la cobertura volcano-sedimentaria, en especial de Formación Tobífera (Jurásico superior), presentan rasgos petrográficos indicativos de un metamorfismo deformativo de bajo grado con temperaturas máximas cercanas a unos 300°C, mientras que por medio de termometría de clorita se obtienen valores de 270°C en una muestra representativa. Presiones de cristalización en hornblenda en rocas plutónicas cercanas indican valores de 5Kbar, muy cercanos a los estimados para el CMCD. Estos valores junto a relaciones de contacto en terreno, sugieren un emplazamiento y cristalización coetánea al peak metamórfico del complejo. En base a estos datos y considerando una corteza granítica con gradientes de presión promedio, se estima un gradiente de temperatura de 32°C/Km para la corteza Jurásica en esta zona.

FAMA, Francisca Gardênia Carlos. A compreensão e o ensino da evolução biológica pelos docentes de escolas públicas no município de Maracanaú-Ce. 2016. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Erivan Almeida (eneiro@bol.com.br) on 2016-11-11T17:30:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_fgcfama.pdf: 976871 bytes, checksum: cf246c533ac869866b2bca77b46ac78a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-11-14T11:19:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_fgcfama.pdf: 976871 bytes, checksum: cf246c533ac869866b2bca77b46ac78a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-14T11:19:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_fgcfama.pdf: 976871 bytes, checksum: cf246c533ac869866b2bca77b46ac78a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The Biological Evolution has a great importance to the comprehension to Biology studies, as well as to citizens‟ formation, since it is considered the main point for a better comprehension of biological processes. This work intends to verify the main views presented by teachers‟ high school biology at public schools at Maracanaú’s city (Ceará), about evolution as well as its way of dealing with it on a day-to-day, especially in controversial issues surrounding the evolutionary theory. For this, we applied a questionaries to the biology teachers in these schools between April and November 2015. In the analysis of these questionaries, it was verified that teachers have some difficulties to these study thoughts of Biologic Evolution, especially to the concept and meaning of natural selection to control of evolution evidences, of mistaken conceptions sometimes connected to questionably designated as such scientific knowledge. Evolutionary biology, in our reality, is not a priority up to its potential and importance, in order to contribute to the needs of society in the field of their social applications, such as in research, combat genetic diseases and treatment and plant breeding, thus ensuring survival of living beings. / A Evolução Biológica possui grande importância para a compreensão da Biologia, bem como para a formação dos cidadãos, uma vez que é considerada o eixo norteador para o entendimento dos processos biológicos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal verificar as concepções apresentadas pelos professores de Biologia do Ensino Médio de seis escolas da rede pública do município de Maracanaú-Ceará a respeito da Evolução, e sua forma de lidar com o assunto no dia-a-dia, sobretudo nos assuntos polêmicos que cercam a Teoria Evolucionista. Para isso, aplicam-se como instrumento de coleta um questionário entre os meses de abril a novembro de 2015 para os professores que ministram a disciplina de Biologia na 3ª série do ensino médio dessas escolas. Na análise desses questionários, verificou-se que os professores tem dificuldade em relação ao objeto de estudo da Evolução Biológica, especialmente no que diz respeito ao conceito e significado de seleção natural ao domínio das evidencias evolutivas, ao uso de conceitos equivocados, muitas vezes ligados a conhecimentos pseudocientíficos. A Biologia Evolutiva, na nossa realidade, não é uma prioridade à altura de seu potencial e importância, para poder contribuir com as necessidades da sociedade no campo de suas aplicações sociais, como nas pesquisas, combates das doenças genéticas, tratamento e melhoramento de plantas, garantindo, assim, a sobrevivência dos seres vivos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3194.pdf: 1092027 bytes, checksum: b9e4747baa254d43d40a9db814e269e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-14 / Anxiety has been a well-studied subject for centuries. Nevertheless, as a circumscribed pathology, anxiety only appears in medical reports at the end of the 19th century, with the works of Sigmund Freud. From clinical observations, Freud detached Angstneurose ( anxiety neurosis ) from neurasthenia, also separating chronic anxiety from anxiety attacks. Although psychoanalytic classifications of anxiety were well-accepted until the mid 1900 s, in the following decades different factors contributed to re-orientate Psychiatry, particularly towards Biology. One important factor was the development of Psychopharmacology. With the so-called psychopharmacological revolution , which began in the 1960 s, the modern descriptive and operational - classifications of mental disorders appeared. The DSM-III (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in its third version), published in 1980, inaugurates a new relationship between Psychiatry and Psychopathology, although its conception of mental disorder is not a very clear one. The birth of panic disorder as a nosological category is particularly related to this change in perspective, since it takes place from the pharmacological observation of the therapeutic effects of a new drug, imipramine. In this sense, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the concepts of anxiety adopted in Psychiatry, particularly from the second half of the 19th century until the development of the DSM-IV. At first, the present study will focus on the development of Angstneurose as a clinical entity, by Freud. For that, a brief examination of the clinical terms adopted to designate anxiety states before Freud s time will be performed. Also, the transformations of the Freudian ideas concerning anxiety will be discussed, from a conceptual and diagnostic stand point. In a second moment, the historical evolution of what the diagnostic manuals for mental disorders call anxiety disorders will be investigated, emphasizing the reorganization that these new classification systems bring to the understanding of the concept of anxiety. An attempt to establish a parallel between these new nosological entities and the Freudian categories will be performed. At last, possible points of intersection between Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, which might contribute to a better understanding of mental phenomena, will be discussed, on the basis of Freud s incursions into Biology. / A ansiedade tem sido objeto de interesse do pensamento ocidental há séculos. Entretanto, enquanto quadros patológicos, os chamados estados ansiosos apenas adquiriram proeminência na Psiquiatria, a partir dos trabalhos de Sigmund Freud, no final do século XIX. Ao estudar a ansiedade clínica, Freud separou a Angstneurose ( neurose de ansiedade ou neurose de angústia ) da neurastenia, e a ansiedade crônica, dos ataques de ansiedade. Embora as classificações clínicas propostas pela Psicanálise tenham sido relativamente bem aceitas no meio psiquiátrico até a primeira metade do século XX, nas décadas que se seguiram, alguns fatores contribuíram para reorientar o curso da Psiquiatria, em especial em direção à Biologia; dentre estes se destacam os avanços na área da psicofarmacologia. Com a chamada revolução psicofarmacológica, que tem seu início a partir da década de 60, constata-se o surgimento das abordagens nosográficas operacionais , em Psiquiatria, que permanecem até os nossos dias. Surgem, a partir daí, sistemas classificatórios padronizados como o DSM-III ( Diagnostic Statiscal Manual of Mental Disorders , em sua terceira versão), que irão inaugurar uma nova era de relações entre a Psiquiatria e a Psicopatologia, muito embora os modelos explicativos imanentes a estes sistemas nem sempre se encontrem explícitos. O nascimento do transtorno do pânico enquanto categoria nosográfica está intimamente ligado a esta mudança de perspectiva, tendo em vista que se dá a partir da observação dos efeitos terapêuticos de uma droga, a imipramina, sobre alguns dos sintomas do quadro clínico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho será examinar criticamente alguns dos conceitos de ansiedade vigentes na Psiquiatria, em particular a partir da segunda metade do século XIX até a criação do DSM-IV, dando ênfase aos possíveis modelos teóricos encontrados, subjacentes às diferentes concepções. Em uma primeira etapa, o trabalho focalizará essencialmente o momento histórico fundamental da construção do diagnóstico de Angstneurose por Sigmund Freud. Para tanto, será traçado um breve histórico dos termos clínicos utilizados até a época de Freud e que de alguma maneira influenciaram o surgimento desta nova entidade nosológica. Serão discutidas também questões relativas às transformações sofridas pelo conceito freudiano de ansiedade, tanto segundo um critério diagnóstico quanto conceitual, a partir de uma análise dos principais textos de Freud sobre o tema. Em um segundo momento do trabalho, será dada atenção especial ao estudo da evolução histórica daquilo que os manuais de diagnóstico psiquiátrico têm chamado de transtornos de ansiedade , enfatizando a reorganização que estes novos sistemas classificatórios impuseram à compreensão dos fenômenos ansiosos. Um paralelo será também traçado entre as proposições iniciais de Freud e as novas entidades nosológicas, encontradas nos manuais de diagnóstico em Psiquiatria. Finalmente, serão discutidos possíveis pontos de interseção tendo por base a relação de Freud com a Biologia - entre as duas disciplinas hoje entendidas por alguns como tão diversas, Psicanálise e Psiquiatria, pontos que possam contribuir para uma compreensão mais ampla dos fenômenos mentais.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-19T21:23:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JairMoisesDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 2752091 bytes, checksum: a67458e5ec53cdf5b5527dbdd456eea1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-21T12:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JairMoisesDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 2752091 bytes, checksum: a67458e5ec53cdf5b5527dbdd456eea1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JairMoisesDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 2752091 bytes, checksum: a67458e5ec53cdf5b5527dbdd456eea1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-02 / Daimons s?o obsess?es cognitivas inconscientes que dominam os pensamentos dos sujeitos. Eles s?o frutos de experi?ncias vividas, da educa??o escolar e familiar e dos traumas que marcam a hist?ria de vida das pessoas. Considerando a ci?ncia uma pr?tica humana, a constru??o das ideias cient?ficas n?o est? imune ?s interfer?ncias dos daimons. Da? porque problematizamos hoje o mito da neutralidade cient?fica. A ci?ncia ? fortemente implicada pelas marcas pessoais dos sujeitos. O desejo maior que moveu esta tese foi minha obsess?o de intuir os daimons de Charles Darwin, as marcas que o fizeram pensar o que pensou sobre a evolu??o das esp?cies. Para isso, lan?amos m?o da correspond?ncia trocada por ele durante toda a sua vida, disponibilizada pelos projetos: Darwin online e Darwin correspondence; dos cadernos de anota??es B, C, D, E, M e N e da obra A origem das esp?cies. N?o segui um m?todo r?gido. As estrat?gias de m?todo mudavam conforme informa??es novas exigiam um caminho novo. Revisitei minha hist?ria de vida, minhas experi?ncias pessoais e escolares, mediante um exerc?cio de exegese inspirado por Edgar Morin em Meus dem?nios, no intuito de compreender porque me tornei bi?logo e porque resolvi trabalhar com as ideias darwinianas. Por meio do material de pesquisa aludido, me foi poss?vel intuir, construir e formular tr?s daimons de Darwin. Primeiro, o daimon do materialismo oriundo do pensamento positivista que marcou a ?poca em que viveu. Foi com base nessa obsess?o pela quantidade de provas, e pela robustez de fatos capazes de explicar um dado fen?meno relacionado ? vida, que Darwin levantou fortes argumentos que corroboravam suas teorias transmutacionais das esp?cies. Dessa possess?o resultou o rigor que sempre o acompanhou. O segundo daimon, que denominei de desvios, direcionou os olhares de Darwin para as caracter?sticas desprezadas pelos naturalistas de sua ?poca, pois, para eles, n?o passavam de imperfei??es. Por?m, para Darwin, refletiam uma linguagem da natureza. Outros caminhos desviantes o acompanharam. A nega??o da exist?ncia de Deus e dos princ?pios que fundavam a f? anglicana foi essencial para a proposi??o da Sele??o Natural como uma linguagem da natureza desvinculada dos des?gnios divinos. O terceiro daimon chamei de migra??o conceitual e foi talvez o mais importante. Essa terceira obsess?o permitiu ampliar o entendimento da vida, das ideias e dos argumentos de outras ?reas da ci?ncia e dos saberes. Foi assim com a no??o de luta pela sobreviv?ncia, vinda das teorias econ?micas; da ideia de gradualidade e lentid?o da a??o das for?as que originam novas esp?cies, oriunda da Geologia, e do conceito de sele??o natural, proveniente dos saberes dos criadores de pombos, cavalos, c?es e agricultores. A a??o m?tua desses tr?s daimons permitiu a Darwin formular a teoria da transmuta??o das esp?cies e o fizeram pensar o que pensou. Quanto a mim, outra ci?ncia, mas tamb?m outro sujeito emergiu. Darwin e o Grecom foram o casulo que conduziram minha transforma??o em dire??o a uma Biologia da complexidade. / Daimons are cognitive unconscious obsessions which dominate the thoughts of the subjects. They are the fruit of life experiences, of school and family education and of the trauma which mark the life history of people. Considering science as a human practice, the construction of scientific ideas is not immune to daimons interference. That is the reason why, nowadays, we discuss the myth of scientific neutrality. The desire which motivated this thesis was my obsession to intuit Charles Darwin daimons, the marks which made him think what he thought about the evolution of the species. In this regard, we used the correspondence exchanged by him along his life, which was made available by the projects: Darwin Online and Darwin Correspondence; from notebooks B, C, D, E, M and N and from the work The origin of the species. I did not follow a strict method. The method strategies changed as new information demanded a new path. I revisited my history, my personal and school experiences, through an exegesis exercise inspired by Edgar Morin in My demons, in an attempt to understand why I became a biologist and why I decided to work with Darwinian ideas. Through the research material mentioned, it was possible for me to intuit, build and formulate three of Darwin?s daimons. First, the materialism daimon, derived from the positivist thought which marked the time he lived in. It was based on the obsession for the amount of proof and the strength of facts capable to explain a certain phenomenon related to life, that Darwin raised strong arguments which corroborate his transmutation of the species theories. From this obsession, derived the discipline which had always accompanied him. The second daimon, which I denominated deviation, directed Darwin?s views to the characteristics once despised by the naturalists from his time, because, for them, they were nothing but imperfections. However, to Darwin, they reflected nature?s language. Other deviant paths followed him. The denial of God?s existence and the principles which grounded the Anglican faith were essential to the proposition of Natural Selection as a language of nature detached from divine purposes. The third daimon which I called conceptual migration was, perhaps, the most important. This third obsession allowed to expand the understanding of life, of the ideas and of the arguments of other areas of science and knowledge. That is how it happened with the fight for survival, originated from economic theories; from the idea of gradualness and slowness of the action of strength which create new species, derived from Geology, and from the concept of natural selection, which come from dove, horses and dogs breeders as well as farmers. The mutual action of these three daimons allowed Darwin to formulate the transmutation of the species theory and made him think what he thought. As for me, another science but also another subject emerged. Darwin and the GRECOM were the cocoon which conducted my transformation towards the Biology of complexity.