Qui sont les vendeurs des magasins du grand commerce et quel est leur quotidien ? A partird’une enquête ethnographique réalisée, par observation participante et par entretiens dans ungrand magasin parisien, cette thèse répond à ces questions et apporte deux contributionsprincipales. La thèse contribue d’abord à la sociologie du travail de la vente en magasin. Ens’intéressant aux conditions de travail des vendeurs, à leurs modes d’emploi, à leurs pratiquesde travail, à leur rapport au travail, et notamment à l’ambivalence que nourrit la relation avecun client, elle réalise une sociologie du travail d’une activité professionnelle peu étudiéejusqu’ici. Elle en montre le caractère bigarré. Par certains aspects, ce travail est profondémentenraciné dans le salariat d’exécution, proche notamment d’une figure professionnelle àlaquelle les employés de commerce sont couramment identifiés, la « caissière ». Mais, dans lemême temps, ce travail s’en arrache en raison de l’autonomie et de la richesse que disentéprouver les vendeurs devant certaines tâches, comme la mise en valeur de la marchandise oula relation avec les clients. La thèse contribue aussi à la sociologie des employés decommerce. Armée d’une analyse du travail et des trajectoires de ceux qui l’effectuent, la thèsemontre que les vendeurs des grands magasins composent un fragment singulier parmi les« employés de commerce ». Ils composent une « petite aristocratie ». Mais la thèse rappellequ’il s’agit d’une « petite aristocratie » sous tension. En effet, celle-ci voit ses attributsglorieux malmenés par des rationalisations du travail et des transformations dans lesconditions d’emploi. / Who are the sales assistants and what does their day at work look like? Based on anethnographic survey (participant observation in a parisian department store and interviews),this thesis answers these questions and contributes to the sociology of work and the sociologyof the clerks. Firstly, by exploring the working and employment conditions of the salesmen,their technics and savoir-faire, the way they see their work, it sheds light on a work rarelyobserved by the sociology of work. Secondly, the thesis contributes to the sociology of clerks.It analyses a part of this group that can be seen as belonging to an “in-between” area: betweenthe most insecure job and the steady and qualified work.

[pt] A logística reversa tem apresentado uma crescente importância para as empresas na atualidade. Os centros de distribuição devem estar estruturados para gerenciar esse processo, a fim de obter vantagens de natureza econômica, mercadológica e ambiental. Nesse estudo, procurou-se observar de que modo o fluxo reverso dos bens de pós-venda tem sido percebido e efetivado no âmbito de centros de distribuição de lojas de departamento. Desenvolve-se uma revisão bibliográfica, abordando diversos aspectos relacionados ao tema, para definir uma visão consistente e atualizada do tema. Primeiramente, são discutidas as características dos centros de distribuição, especificamente sua importância no sistema logístico, definições, funções básicas, layouts, vantagens na sua adoção, alternativas de armazenagem e um panorama de sua utilização nos diferentes segmentos de mercado. Logo após, são analisados os componentes da logística reversa, como a evolução dos conceitos, razões para sua crescente importância, fluxos dos bens de pós-venda e pós-consumo, motivos e destinos do retorno, a rede de distribuição reversa, os elementos chave dos bens de pós-venda, as dificuldades do sistema, exemplos da logística reversa nos centros de distribuição e a caracterização da logística reversa nos EUA baseada em uma pesquisa realizada em 1999. E, a partir do estudo de casos, envolvendo três empresas, são desenvolvidas considerações sobre o ambiente competitivo, importância e efetivação dos fluxos reversos existentes em cada empresa, procurando capturar o posicionamento das mesmas em relação à logística reversa. / [en] Nowadays, the reverse logistics is presenting an increasing importance in the business activities. The distribution centers must be so structured as to manage the reverse flows to obtain advantages of economic, marketing and environmental nature. The objective of this study is to evaluate how the reverse flow is been perceived and used by managers of department store companies. Initially, a literature search was developed in order to define a consistent and updated review of the distribution centers - their importance in the logistics processes, including definitions, basic functions, layouts, advantages of implementation, warehousing alternatives and an overview of its utilization in different market segments. In addition, important aspects of the reverse logistics are reviewed such as evolution, determinants, post-sale and post- consumption flows of goods, final destination, key elements of the reverse logistics, difficulties of the system, examples of reverse flows in the distribution centers and the characterization of reverse logistics in the USA based on a 1999 research. Finally, based on a field work involving three department store companies, some patterns related to the competitive environment, to management priorities, to the importance of the reverse flows in each company and to the manager`s perspective as well have been identified.

A basic assumption in the thesis is that the expansion of production and consumption in the Swedish society during the first half of the 20th century involved market as well as consumer activities of a new kind. The thesis explores the development and practice of marketing towards consumers as a main activity of actors in the market, how it was formulated in textbooks an trade journals and followed up in the activity of two Swedish companies (Barnängen and MEA, Militärekiperingsaktiebolaget). The focus is on the period 1920-1965. In the first part the main lines of the dissertation is drawn. The second part focus on texts on marketing and the main characteristics of the period is discussed. It covers the topics of marketing, distribution, advertising and selling on a general level. In two more detailed chapters, the topics of market analysis and the marketing problems and praxis in retailing is dealt with. The third part focus on the practice in the two companies. Market research from the company of Barnängen is examined with the focus on products, groups of consumers, which technique was used, how and if recommendations were followed up in product politics or advertising. The results showed a shift in the use of techniques and product politics towards more sophisticated instruments and a closer relation to a wider market. Retailers use of marketing practice is examined in the company of MEA (Militär Ekiperings Aktiebolaget). The result showed a shift in both use of advertising and advertised products over the period 1930-1960. It was also detected a shit in the relation to the market that went from customer relation to a more anonymous consumer market. The fourth part ties the normative and practical levels together. The consequences for the consumers are also taken in for discussion. It showed that in the overall perspective a change towards a wider consumer market took place.

The main purpose of this thesis is to describe in detail the processes of selected parts of the construction technology project for the construction of the department store Galéria Lučenec, based on the project documentation provided by the principal engineer. It is a large-scale new building with a cast-in-place reinforced concrete load-bearing structure with steel elements located in the center of Lučenec. The diploma thesis consists of the main parts such as the technical report of the construction technology project, a detailed coordination situation of the construction site, and a detailed time and financial plan of individual buildings. Within the main building, a study of the main technological stages of construction, elaboration of the project site equipment together with the associated design documentation and the technical report, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms, time schedule of the main building processes, and an item budget are described. Within the technological regulation and the control plan, the diploma thesis is focused on the cast-in-place structures of the superstructure. In the final part of the project, there are chapters devoted to topics such as occupational health and safety on the construction site, evaluation of LEED 2009 certification, the procedure for securing the construction pit, and the assessment of the main vertical lifting mechanisms.

第一章緒論：包括研究動機與目的、研究方法、研究範圍與假設、本文結構。 第二章行銷資訊系統內容：包括內部會計系統、行銷研究系統、行銷管理系統、行銷 情報系統。 第三章結構化方法：包括結構化系統分析、結構化系統設計。 第四章個案公司介紹：包括個案公司基本資料、現行系統問題。 第五章個案公司行銷資訊系統結構化分析。 今日行銷導向之趨勢，市場情況愈形複雜，迫使管理者依賴持續不斷的消息來源以作 決策，這些消息包括（一）一般環境（政治、經濟、文化科技）。 （二）市場環境（供應商、消費者）。 （三）競爭環境。 （四）內部資訊。 如何將這些資訊整合，以成為對企業有用的資訊來幫助決策者提高決策品質以達成企 業目標為主要內容，並以百貨公司為例加以實證。

This thesis focuses on the emergence of the teenaged consumer as a market segment in Canada during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It challenges the notion that teenagers were of little interest to retailers until economics and demographics shaped the more numerous and prosperous post-war teenagers of the Baby Boom generation. Using evidence from corporate records and analysis of mail order catalogues, the study examines how department store retailer, the T. Eaton Company, Limited, began to cultivate a distinct and lucrative teenaged consumer in the 1930s, and thereby began shaping the teenaged consumer. The thesis contextualizes the case study of Eaton’s by exploring the varied expectations that adults had of young people at the time, using census records and magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Home Journal and Mayfair) to explore concerns about young people’s transition to adulthood. It then focuses on how Eaton’s made a concerted and sustained effort to attract teenager customers to its catalogue and stores. Analysis of its semi-annual catalogue highlights the emergence of specialized clothing size ranges and styles, revealing that Eaton’s increasingly viewed the teenaged years as an important in-between life stage. Eaton’s also instituted teenage advisory councils to both glean market trends and provide a venue for what it considered education for novice consumers. Eaton’s presented consumption as a way to prepare young people for adult roles, legitimizing teenaged participation in the consumer marketplace and contributing to wider debates about when and how teenaged Canadians should reach maturity.

This thesis focuses on the emergence of the teenaged consumer as a market segment in Canada during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It challenges the notion that teenagers were of little interest to retailers until economics and demographics shaped the more numerous and prosperous post-war teenagers of the Baby Boom generation. Using evidence from corporate records and analysis of mail order catalogues, the study examines how department store retailer, the T. Eaton Company, Limited, began to cultivate a distinct and lucrative teenaged consumer in the 1930s, and thereby began shaping the teenaged consumer. The thesis contextualizes the case study of Eaton’s by exploring the varied expectations that adults had of young people at the time, using census records and magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Home Journal and Mayfair) to explore concerns about young people’s transition to adulthood. It then focuses on how Eaton’s made a concerted and sustained effort to attract teenager customers to its catalogue and stores. Analysis of its semi-annual catalogue highlights the emergence of specialized clothing size ranges and styles, revealing that Eaton’s increasingly viewed the teenaged years as an important in-between life stage. Eaton’s also instituted teenage advisory councils to both glean market trends and provide a venue for what it considered education for novice consumers. Eaton’s presented consumption as a way to prepare young people for adult roles, legitimizing teenaged participation in the consumer marketplace and contributing to wider debates about when and how teenaged Canadians should reach maturity.

Miwa Yanagi’s Elevator Girls series, a collection of glossy photographs featuring groups of similarly clad women lingering in expansive, empty arcades, made its international debut in 1996. While the pieces garnered positive reactions, Yanagi found that most Western viewers read her work as predominantly “Oriental”—confirming stereotypes of a highly polished techno-topic Japan that was still negotiating gender equality. In this thesis, I explore alternative ways of reading Yanagi’s Elevator Girls series, which, I argue, call attention to myopic views of commercialism and identity in order to provide an alternative reading of these women as agents of transgression and ideological transcendence. Whereas many viewed Yanagi’s works as a comment on capitalist machinations, where consumerism has produced soulless, vapid feminine identities, I focus on the ways in which these women exercise agency without relying on notions of an individualized, unique ego.

This thesis focuses on the emergence of the teenaged consumer as a market segment in Canada during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It challenges the notion that teenagers were of little interest to retailers until economics and demographics shaped the more numerous and prosperous post-war teenagers of the Baby Boom generation. Using evidence from corporate records and analysis of mail order catalogues, the study examines how department store retailer, the T. Eaton Company, Limited, began to cultivate a distinct and lucrative teenaged consumer in the 1930s, and thereby began shaping the teenaged consumer. The thesis contextualizes the case study of Eaton’s by exploring the varied expectations that adults had of young people at the time, using census records and magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Home Journal and Mayfair) to explore concerns about young people’s transition to adulthood. It then focuses on how Eaton’s made a concerted and sustained effort to attract teenager customers to its catalogue and stores. Analysis of its semi-annual catalogue highlights the emergence of specialized clothing size ranges and styles, revealing that Eaton’s increasingly viewed the teenaged years as an important in-between life stage. Eaton’s also instituted teenage advisory councils to both glean market trends and provide a venue for what it considered education for novice consumers. Eaton’s presented consumption as a way to prepare young people for adult roles, legitimizing teenaged participation in the consumer marketplace and contributing to wider debates about when and how teenaged Canadians should reach maturity.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the architectural study of the reconstruction and extension of the department store “Centrum“ by an architect Vladimír Karfík, which is situated between the Jánská and Kobližná streets in Brno. This object should have been the highest building in the whole of Europe at its time, but due to the problems, which occurred during the construction, finally only eight storeys out of the original twenty eight were realized. The new object will be a fifteen storey building. Original eight ground floors, from which the last two were subsided, is aligned to a seven storey whole in a new design, and on this unit there is the extension of eight shorter floors, which are on the south side retreating and which are converging to one point like an unfolding fan in the direction to a new extension block with communication and installation cores in the western part. This creates the southern facade of small terraces, and an architectural expression from the perspective of pedestrians acts dynamically and less mighty. The functional utilization is combined, there is a passage with shops, two cafés, services, administration, and on the last floors there is housing. From an architectural point of view the building fits into the structure of urban conservation and the height does not exceed the spires of the church.