This study aims to identify and describe discourses about the city and how they appear from different stakeholder’s views regarding the transformation of Storgatan to a pedestrian street during the summer in Linköping city. This creates a deeper insight into how work towards sustainability become visible in the planning of the inner city. The study uses a discourse analysis of interviews and texts to study which identified discourses about the city become apparent. Conflicts that appear regarding the transformation of Storgatan is also analyzed. Results show that while different stakeholders follow similar discourses about the city regarding their ideal, they are also expressed in different ways and can relate to different meaning. The conclusion is that the different stakeholders largely agree that the implementation of a pedestrian street on Storgatan is something positive, and that a good foundation for an eventual future permanent implementation of the pedestrian street is shown. / Studien syftar till att identifiera och beskriva vilka diskurser om staden som blir framträdande hos olika aktörer i samband med Storgatans omvandling till sommargågata och därigenom få en fördjupad förståelse för hur arbetet mot hållbarhet tas i uttryck i innerstadsplaneringen. Det görs via en diskursanalys av intervjuer och texter, där tidigare identifierade diskurser om staden används. Samtidigt undersöks även vilka konflikter som finns kring Storgatans omvandling. Resultaten visar att de olika aktörerna har liknande diskurser kring deras vision av stadens utformning, dock tar de sig i uttryck på olika sätt. Konflikter och utmaningar som uppstår kopplat till detta gäller främst trafiken i området där den största utmaningen är kollektivtrafikens omflyttning. Slutsatsen är att de olika aktörerna som varit delaktiga i studien generellt sett ställer sig positiva till gågatans implementering och det också finns en god grund för en eventuell framtida permanent implementering av den.

This thesis uses the case study of the Fallas festival in the city of Valencia (Spain), to assess the value of intangible cultural heritage. Within this framework the thesis explores a number of different issues: for example how social agents frame different qualities and benefits of cultural heritage in order to describe the value and claims for funding the arts. It finds that value assessment for claiming funds presents many challenges such as: identifying the values of the heritage in question; describing them; and ranking them according to their contribution to the public welfare. It examines the methodological techniques for assessing heritage values and goes on to discuss a number of tools that are, or could be, used for assessment. The thesis also explores how public bodies legitimise cultural funding. It examines the role of non-government arts organisations in supporting the arts. It proposes the analysis of donor decisions through a multi-attribute technique where donors state their importance to donor situations under specific conditions or attributes. Finally, it describes how the stakeholder approach can be applied for searching new ways of funding festivals. It also considers how intangible cultural heritage goods can be assessed within the process of cost-benefit evaluation. It also analyses how public bodies, as the principal supporters of culture, deal with the problem of valuing intangibles on social investments. The study uses the Fallas festival to test the research hypothesis. It uses a number of economic and statistical techniques to evaluate the Fallas Festival, these include Contingent Valuation, Choice Experiment and Descriptive and Multiatribute Statistics. The statistical techniques reveal that historical benefits are intrinsically valuable in the Fallas festival. The historical value that the members of the neighbourhood associations place on the Fallas festival justify that local social agents should support this festival. / Sánchez Royo, B. (2011). AN APPROACH TOWARDS HOLISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12269

Yes / Current literature has indicated a concern about standards of maternity care experienced by pregnant women who are seeking asylum. As the next generation of midwives, it is important that students are educated in a way that prepares them to effectively care for these women. To understand how this can be achieved, it is important to explore what asylum seeking means to midwifery students. This article is the first of three parts and reports on one objective from a wider doctorate study. It identifies dominant discourses that influenced the perceptions of a group of midwifery students' about the pregnant asylum seeking woman. The study was designed from a social constructivist perspective, with contextual knowledge being constructed by groups of people, influenced by underpinning dominant discourses, depending on their social, cultural and historical positions in the world. In a United Kingdom University setting, during year two of a pre-registration midwifery programme, eleven midwifery students participated in the study. Two focus group interviews using a problem based learning scenario as a trigger for discussion were conducted. In addition, three students were individually interviewed to explore issues in more depth and two students' written reflections on practice were used to generate data. Following a critical discourse analysis, dominant discourses were identified which appeared to influence the way in which asylum seekers were perceived. The findings suggested an underpinning ideology around the asylum seeker being different and of a criminal persuasion. Although the pregnant woman seeking asylum was considered as deserving of care, the same discourses appeared to influence the way in which she was constructed. However, as the study progressed, through reading alternative sources of literature, some students appeared to question these discourses. These findings have implications for midwifery education in encouraging students to challenge negative discourses and construct positive perceptions of asylum seeking.

This research project arose from my journeys with Protestant Christian women who were living in sexually unhappy marriages. In South African Protestant faith communities there is the expectation that Christian marriages will experience sexual fulfilment. For many Christian women however, sexual unhappiness becomes their reality. Sexuality is cocooned in silence not only within the church, but also in many Christian marriages. This leaves many Christian women (and men) with little or no recourse to address sexually unhappy marriages. My research journey briefly explored the social construction of sexuality within the history of Christianity to see which discourses underpin current constructions of White Christian female sexuality. This participatory feminist action research journey centralised the voices of present-day contexts: Protestant Christian women, as well as clergy, were invited to share their understandings and interpretations of matrimony and sexual practices in relation to their faith. With the help of narrative therapeutic practices, some of the dominant social and religious discourses that constitute White Christian female sexuality were explored, deconstructed and challenged. This research journey aimed to penetrate this silence and to invite Christian women, who are living in sexually unhappy marriages, to share their experiences. This exploration included the faith predicaments and relational complexities, challenges and dilemmas Protestant Christian women experience when living in sexually unhappy marriages. This feminist-grounded action research explored the effects and consequences which living in sexually unhappy marriages held for the cosearchers. / Practical Theology / D.Th. (Specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

This research project arose from my journeys with Protestant Christian women who were living in sexually unhappy marriages. In South African Protestant faith communities there is the expectation that Christian marriages will experience sexual fulfilment. For many Christian women however, sexual unhappiness becomes their reality. Sexuality is cocooned in silence not only within the church, but also in many Christian marriages. This leaves many Christian women (and men) with little or no recourse to address sexually unhappy marriages. My research journey briefly explored the social construction of sexuality within the history of Christianity to see which discourses underpin current constructions of White Christian female sexuality. This participatory feminist action research journey centralised the voices of present-day contexts: Protestant Christian women, as well as clergy, were invited to share their understandings and interpretations of matrimony and sexual practices in relation to their faith. With the help of narrative therapeutic practices, some of the dominant social and religious discourses that constitute White Christian female sexuality were explored, deconstructed and challenged. This research journey aimed to penetrate this silence and to invite Christian women, who are living in sexually unhappy marriages, to share their experiences. This exploration included the faith predicaments and relational complexities, challenges and dilemmas Protestant Christian women experience when living in sexually unhappy marriages. This feminist-grounded action research explored the effects and consequences which living in sexually unhappy marriages held for the cosearchers. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

The introduction of abortion legalisation in South Africa during 1997 gave rise to the need for pre- and post-abortion counselling. Two dominant counselling groups came to the fore namely pro-choice and pro-life, reflecting the respective stances of society on abortion. In order to answer the following research questions: "What value-challenges do abortion counsellors experience, if any?" and "What ways have they found in negotiating these challenges?" A narrative conversation was used to come to an understanding of these research questions in practice. Research was undertaken with counsellors from both pro-life and pro-choice stances. The influence of capitalism, patriarchy and religion on role players confronted with making decisions on abortion was explored. Pro-choice counsellors negotiated their values in terms of forgiveness based on the unconditional forgiveness they would expect from God and pro-life counsellors in terms of God's forgiveness for the client, accepting her own responsibility for the consequences of the abortion. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

Spirituality is a neglected dimension in psychology, but has recently been growing in importance. Depression is a widespread phenomenon, worldwide, although presenting differently in different cultures, including South Africa. The aim of this study was to give an opportunity to those who have experienced spirituality and depression to voice their experiences in their respective contexts. The ontological framework was postmodernism and the guiding epistemology was social constructionism. Qualitative research was the method of research selected, because it suited the aims of the research. The specific method of analysis was a "categorical content analysis". In depth interviews with eight participants from various faith backgrounds were conducted. The participants' stories were interpreted by the researcher in the form of themes. Recurring and pertinent themes were compared and discussed with other voices in the field, such as the literature and societal and cultural discourses. The study facilitated rich, detailed and complex descriptions of people's experience of spirituality and depression. The researcher hopes the voice of this research will lead to new understandings of these phenomena in a South African context. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Text in English / This research investigated the ability of employees to survive experiences of major career changes and how they managed to build career resilience during the process. Adopting an action research approach, it continues to research the role the church can play in this process, suggesting ways in which the exponents of practical theology, and more specifically, pastoral ministries can extend their role into non- or de-institutionalised areas, becoming industrial or organisational pastoral professionals in their own right. The second research question investigated ways in which career resilience can improve agency in upholding values in the face of the employee exploitation onslaught? A narrative approach was used and discourses of ethics and power were discussed. It was indicated how these could be subjected to a process of deconstruction to create alternative and preferred career stories. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology - with specialisation in Pastoral Theraphy)

The purpose of this research is to explore how narrative practices can be meaningful in pastoral conversations with women living with breast cancer. A theoretical collaboration between narrative therapy, feminism and pastoral theology has been used in order to facilitate meaning-making, to give ‘voice’ to local knowledge, and to co-create a more holistic understanding of the experiences of illness narratives and breast cancer. The methodology of this research is ‘interdisciplinary’ and uses qualitative, co-participatory action research and reflexivity as its research design. Conversations with the co-researchers explore illness narratives, breast cancer, spirituality and faith, life-giving relationships, femininity and body image, socially constructed discourses and pivotal moments that enable alternative stories. Values of respect, curiosity and listening have been upheld in order to provide a safe place for the co-researchers to give voice to their stories and experiences of breast cancer in a way that supports the researcher position of ‘witness’. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology, with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

Denna masteruppsats syfte är att vidga förståelsen för de förutsättningar som finns för att utbildning skall kunna vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet enligt skollagen från 2011. Detta genom att undersöka några av de diskursiva tankemodeller som kan finnas i lärares uppfattningar runt skrivningen och vilka roller som kan skapas utifrån dessa. Emperin har skapats utifrån två fokusgruppsamtal hos åtta verksamma lärare i skola och förskola och sedan analyserats i en diskursanalys. Studiens teoretiska ramar utgår ifrån Foucaults teorier om makt, kunskap och subjektets formande och Habermas teorier om kommunikativa handlingar.   Resultaten formar fyra diskurser; Kunskapssyn, vetenskap ses som utifrån en Klassisk kunskapssyn; Främlingskap, vetenskap ses som främmande eftersom lärare har ringa erfarenhet och kunskap av detta; Avståndstagande, lärare behöver inte befatta sig med vetenskap då den uppfattas som väsensskild från vardagen, som elitistiskt och som kan försvåra lärares profession; Möjlighet; det finns intresse av att använda vetenskap för att lösa specifika problem i verksamheten eftersom lärare ser sig som experter med möjlighet att utveckla utbildning i skolan. Undersökningen visar motstridiga roller; forskningsfrämling som upplever vetenskapen som svår, förvirrande och obegriplig; forskningsavståndstagare med en distans och ett förkastande av forskning; forskningsutövare där lärares egna initiativ och intresse hittar forskning utifrån specifika problem.   Diskussionen menar att lärares roll gentemot en utbildning på vetenskaplig grund är komplicerad och motstridig. Rollerna; främling, avståndstagare och utövare visar på utifrån Foucaults termer; subjektets underkastelse och motstånd och lärare kommer att förhålla sig till vetenskap på ett sätt som gör att deras självbild som professionell och skicklig kan hållas intakt, vilket kan innebära ett större avståndstagande. För att lagen skall kunna realiseras måste skolans styrning utgå ifrån läraren som utövare med möjlighet att påverka, inspirera och utöva inflytande i ett vetenskapliga samtal. Detta kommer att kräva att man ger lärare kunskap och verktyg för att kunna ge sitt kunnande en vetenskaplig form. / This master thesis aims to widening the understanding of the conditions that exist so education can rest on a research base and well-tried experience according to the school law from 2011. This through an investigation of some the discourses of thought that could be found in assumptions to the law. The emperical data have been created from two focus group talks with eight teachers working in school and pre-school and have then been analysed in a discourse analysis. The theoretical frames of the study come from Foucault´s theories on power, knowledge and the formation of the subject and Habermas´ theories on communicative actions. The results has formed four discourses; View of knowledge, where research is seen as  Classical view of knowledge, Alienation, research is something strange and something they have very little experience and knowledge of, Dissociation, where teachers don´t need to concern themselves with research, as they regard as completly different from the work-day and as something elitism and which partly despises the profession of the teachers, Possibility, there is an interest to use research to solve a specific problem in their work as they regard themselves as experts with a will to develop education at school. The study shows contradictory roles; the research stranger, who experiences research as difficult, confusing and incomprehensible; the research repudiator, with a distance to and a rejection upon research; the research practiser, where own initiative, interest and will find research to solve specific problems. The discussion means that the teacher’s role in relation to research is complicated and contradictory. The roles; the stranger, the repudiator and the practiser display the submission and the resistance as seen form Foucault´s terms, and teachers will look upon research in a way that makes that their selfimage as a professional can be held intact, which could mean a stronger repudiation. In order to make the law realizable the governing of the schoolsystem must emanate from the teacher as a practiser with a possibility to influence, inspire and exercise influence in a talk about research. This will demand that the teachers are given knowledge and tools to be able to give their ability a research form.